Yaşlı Yetişkinlerde Fonksiyonel Uygunluk: 60 – 94 Yaş Arası Normal ve Fazla Kilolu Yaşlı Yetişkinlerin Fonksiyonel Uygunluklarının Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın birinci amacı 60-94 yaş arası yaşlı yetişkinlerin Senior Fitness Test (SFT) sonuçlarının Vücut Kütle İndeksi (VKİ) ve yaş gruplarında cinsiyete göre, ikinci amacı elde edilen STF sonuçlarının standart norm değerleri ile karşılaştırmasıdır. Araştırmaya yaşları 60-94 arasında olan toplam 273 yaşlı yetişkin birey katılmıştır. VKİ değerleri 25 kg/m2 altında olan 151 (71 kadın, 80 erkek) birey normal kilolu ve 25 kg/m2 üzeri olan 122 (70 kadın, 52 erkek) birey fazla kilolu grubunu oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada tıbbi muayene gerekmeden kısa sürede uygulanabilen kas kuvveti, aerobik dayanıklılık, çeviklik/dinamik denge ve esneklik ölçümleri yapan ve altı farklı test parametresinden oluşan SFT kullanılmıştır. Çarpıklık basıklık değerleri ile normallik a nalizi yapılan veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için bağımsız iki grup karşılaştırmasında bağımsız örneklem t testi, bağımsız ikiden fazla grubun karşılaştırılmasında tek yönlü varyans analizi ve yaş grupları arasındaki farkın kaynağının belirlenmesi için post hoc testlerinden Bonferroni testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler esneklik gerektiren testlerde kadınların daha yüksek değerlere ulaştığını, kuvvet, dayanıklılık, çeviklik/beceri gerektiren testlerde erkeklerin ölçüm değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğunu, ilerleyen yaş ile beraber incelenen performans değerlerinin düştüğünü, düşüşün özellikle 70 yaş üzeri grupta üst seviyeye ulaştığını; bacak kuvveti, kol kuvveti, dayanaklılık ve esneklik özelliklerinde artan yaş ile birlikte normal ve fazla kilolu gr uplar arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık olduğunu göstermektedir (p<0,05). Esneklik gerektiren testlerde kadınlar daha yüksek değerlere ulaşırken, kuvvet, dayanıklılık, çeviklik/beceri gerektiren testlerde erkeklerin ölçüm değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar yaşlı yetişkinlerin fiziksel uygunluk değerlendirmeleri için önemli ipuçları vererek, fazla kilonun fiziksel performans üzerine olumsuz etki yaptığını ve katılımcıların testlerin büyük bölümünde standart norm değerlerinin altında kaldığını göstermektedir.

Keywords

• SFT
• Fazla kilo
• Hareketlilik
• Fonksiyonel uygunluk
• fonksiyonel test

Functional Fitness for Older Adults: Comparison of Functional Fitness of Normal Weight and Overweight Older Adults between the ages of 60-94

Abstract

The aim of the study is to compare the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) results of older adults aged 60 to 94 with body mass index (BMI) and the obtained STF results by age groups and gender with standard norm values. A total of 273 older adult aged between 60-94 participated in the study. 151 (71 women, 80 men) older adult with BMI values below 25 kg/m2 constituted the normal weight group and 122 (70 women, 52 men) older adult with BMI values above 25 kg/m2 constituted the overweight group. In the study, SFT, which consists of six different test parameters and measures muscle strength, aerobic endurance, agility/dynamic balance and flexibility, and can be applied in a short time without the need for medical examination was used. Since the data analyzed for skewness - kurtosis and normality analysis showed normal distribution, the independent sample t-test was used in the comparison of two independent groups, one-way analysis of variance in the comparison of more than two independent groups, and the Bonferroni test, one of the post-hoc tests, to determine the reason of the difference in source. The data obtained show that the performance decreases with the increasing age, the decline reaches the upper level especially in the group above the age of 70, and there is a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of leg strength, arm strength, endurance and flexibility with increasing age (p <0.05). The results give important clues for the elderly’s physical fitness assessments, showing that excess weight has a negative impact on physical performance and that participants fall below standard norm values in most of the tests. According to these results, it is assumed that excess weight will negatively affect achieving standard norm values.

Keywords

• Older people
• Functional test
• Overweight
• Mobility
• Functional fitness

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