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Batı Balkan Ülkelerinin AB Üyelikleri ve Dijital Vatandaşlık Uygulamaları

Year 2024, , 49 - 59, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1444607

Abstract

Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesinin ardından Avrupa Birliği'nin Batı Balkanlar'a ilgisi hem jeopolitik hem de jeostratejik kaygıların etkisiyle yoğunlaşmıştır. Ayrıca bölge, AB üyesi ülkelere enerji sağlayan enerji hatlarının geçiş güzergahı olarak da önem taşımaktadır. Çok çeşitli bir coğrafi alanı kapsayan Batı Balkanlar'da Hırvatistan, Bosna-Hersek, Karadağ, Bulgaristan, Arnavutluk, Kosova, Sırbistan, Kuzey Makedonya, Romanya, Yunanistan ve Slovenya gibi ülkeler yer almaktadır. Jeopolitik açıdan önemli bir konumda bulunan Batı Balkan ülkelerinin 2003 yılındaki Selanik Zirvesinden sonra AB perspektifleri önemli ölçüde netleşmiş olsa da günümüzde bazı sorunlarla karşı karşıya kalmışlardır. Avrupa Birliğinde, 2007 ve 2013 yılındaki genişlemelerden sonra genişleme yorgunluğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Birliğin içinde var olan ekonomik ve siyasi krizler birliği yeniden yapılandırmaya yönlendirmiştir. Bu yeniden yapılandırma dijital vatandaşlık alanındaki reformlara da yansımıştır. AB’nin önemli reformlarından olan “Hukukun Üstünlüğü”, “İşleyen Piyasa Ekonomisi”, “Demokratikleşme”, “Kamu Yönetiminin Şeffaf ve Saydam Olması” gibi reformların yanı sıra değişen dünya düzeninin ve küreselleşmenin etkisiyle dijital vatandaşlık reformları da kaçınılmaz hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Batı Balkan ülkelerinin AB’ye üyelikleri ve dijital vatandaşlık uygulamalarını incelemektir.

References

  • Arıkan H. (2009). The European Union Policy towards the Balkan States in the Post-Cold War Era. SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences Special Issue on Balkans, Volume: 2009 Issue: 2, 15-22.
  • Batır, K. (2005). Europeanisation of South-Eastern Europe - Domestic Impacts of the Accession Process (H. Kabaalioglu, M. Dartan, M. Sait. Akman, & C. Nas, Eds.; War in the Balkans: Humanitarian Intervention and Beyond). Marmara University European Community Institute, 262.
  • Cottey A. (2000), Europe’s New Sub-regionalism”, Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 23, No.2, 23-47.
  • Cottey A. (2009). Sub-regional Cooperation in Europe: An Assessment, Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers, 3/2009, 3-25.
  • Çatlı, M., & Kesik, S. (2021). İnsan Haklarının Değişime Açık Konusu: Dijital Vatandaşlık Kavramı Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu, Ombudsman Akademik, Yıl: 7 Sayı: 14. Tarih: Ocak-Haziran 2021 SS: 199-229 ISSN: 2148-256X, Ankara.
  • Demiral, N. (2018). Avrupa Birliği: E-Devletten Dijital Devlete, Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 7, Issue 1, 76-85 (March 2018), ISSN: 2147-5237.
  • European Commission (EC), Bosnia and Herzegovina 2006 Progress Report, [COM (2006) 649 final], Brussels, 2006.
  • European Commission, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011 Progress Report, SEC (2011), 1206 final, Brussels, 2011.
  • European Commission, Commission Opinion on Serbia’s Application for Membership of the EU, SEC (2011) 1208 final, Brussels.
  • EC, Presidency Conclusions, Annex II Declaration on the Former Yugoslavia, The EC at Birmingham, 16 October 1992, General Secretariat of the EC, Brussels, 1992.
  • EC, Presidency Conclusions, EC at Thessaloniki, 19-20 June 2003, General Secretariats of EC, Brussels, 2003. European Training Foundation, Embracing The Digital Age: The Future of Work in the Western Balkans, ETF, pp. 3-66, 2023. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-04/Embracing%20digital%20age_Western%20Balkans.pdf
  • eGovernment factsheets anniversary report, EC B-1049 Brussels, 2019.
  • Farmer, L. (2011). Teaching digital citizenship. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (99-104). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
  • Future-Proofing eGovernment for a Digital Single Market Final Insıght Report: June 2015 Ministerial Declaration on eGovernment, 2017.
  • Majkovski, I., Janevski, Z., & Petkovski V. (2019). Digital Skills Readiness of Selected Western Balkan Countries UDC 331.101.262:004.9(497-15) Original scientific paper, 41-53. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349380083_Digital_skills_readiness_of_selected_western_Balkan_countries
  • Öztürk, M. (2021). Dijital Vatandaşlık Araştırmalarının İncelenmesi: Kavramsal ve Yöntemsel Eğilimler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/Journal of Higher Education and Science. DOI: 10.5961/jhes.2021.457, 385-393.
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EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices

Year 2024, , 49 - 59, 30.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1444607

Abstract

Following the end of the Cold War, the European Union's interest in the Western Balkans intensified, driven by geopolitical and geostrategic considerations. Moreover, the region holds significance as a transit route for energy lines supplying EU member states. Encompassing a diverse geographical expanse, the Western Balkans includes Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Albania, Kosovo, Serbia, North Macedonia, Romania, Greece, and Slovenia. While the EU’s perspectives on the Balkan countries, situated in a geopolitically crucial position, became clearer following the Thessaloniki Summit 2003, they are currently grappling with various challenges. Within the EU, enlargement fatigue has emerged following the enlargements in 2007 and 2013. Concurrently, economic and political crises within the union have prompted restructuring efforts. These reforms, encompassing areas such as the “Rule of Law”, “Functioning Market Economy” and “Democratization and Transparency of Public Administration”, have become imperative amid the evolving global order and globalization trends. Consequently, reforms in digital citizenship have also become inevitable. This study examines the EU membership and digital citizenship practices of the Western Balkan countries.

References

  • Arıkan H. (2009). The European Union Policy towards the Balkan States in the Post-Cold War Era. SDU Faculty of Arts and Sciences Journal of Social Sciences Special Issue on Balkans, Volume: 2009 Issue: 2, 15-22.
  • Batır, K. (2005). Europeanisation of South-Eastern Europe - Domestic Impacts of the Accession Process (H. Kabaalioglu, M. Dartan, M. Sait. Akman, & C. Nas, Eds.; War in the Balkans: Humanitarian Intervention and Beyond). Marmara University European Community Institute, 262.
  • Cottey A. (2000), Europe’s New Sub-regionalism”, Journal of Strategic Studies, Volume 23, No.2, 23-47.
  • Cottey A. (2009). Sub-regional Cooperation in Europe: An Assessment, Bruges Regional Integration & Global Governance Papers, 3/2009, 3-25.
  • Çatlı, M., & Kesik, S. (2021). İnsan Haklarının Değişime Açık Konusu: Dijital Vatandaşlık Kavramı Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Kamu Denetçiliği Kurumu, Ombudsman Akademik, Yıl: 7 Sayı: 14. Tarih: Ocak-Haziran 2021 SS: 199-229 ISSN: 2148-256X, Ankara.
  • Demiral, N. (2018). Avrupa Birliği: E-Devletten Dijital Devlete, Social Sciences Research Journal, Volume 7, Issue 1, 76-85 (March 2018), ISSN: 2147-5237.
  • European Commission (EC), Bosnia and Herzegovina 2006 Progress Report, [COM (2006) 649 final], Brussels, 2006.
  • European Commission, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2011 Progress Report, SEC (2011), 1206 final, Brussels, 2011.
  • European Commission, Commission Opinion on Serbia’s Application for Membership of the EU, SEC (2011) 1208 final, Brussels.
  • EC, Presidency Conclusions, Annex II Declaration on the Former Yugoslavia, The EC at Birmingham, 16 October 1992, General Secretariat of the EC, Brussels, 1992.
  • EC, Presidency Conclusions, EC at Thessaloniki, 19-20 June 2003, General Secretariats of EC, Brussels, 2003. European Training Foundation, Embracing The Digital Age: The Future of Work in the Western Balkans, ETF, pp. 3-66, 2023. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2023-04/Embracing%20digital%20age_Western%20Balkans.pdf
  • eGovernment factsheets anniversary report, EC B-1049 Brussels, 2019.
  • Farmer, L. (2011). Teaching digital citizenship. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (99-104). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
  • Future-Proofing eGovernment for a Digital Single Market Final Insıght Report: June 2015 Ministerial Declaration on eGovernment, 2017.
  • Majkovski, I., Janevski, Z., & Petkovski V. (2019). Digital Skills Readiness of Selected Western Balkan Countries UDC 331.101.262:004.9(497-15) Original scientific paper, 41-53. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349380083_Digital_skills_readiness_of_selected_western_Balkan_countries
  • Öztürk, M. (2021). Dijital Vatandaşlık Araştırmalarının İncelenmesi: Kavramsal ve Yöntemsel Eğilimler. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi/Journal of Higher Education and Science. DOI: 10.5961/jhes.2021.457, 385-393.
  • European Parliament, The Western Balkans Report, Fact Sheets on the European Union, 2024.
There are 17 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Public Administration
Journal Section 2024(1) Papers
Authors

Esin Ömer Ulukaya

Early Pub Date April 30, 2024
Publication Date April 30, 2024
Submission Date February 28, 2024
Acceptance Date April 18, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Ömer Ulukaya, E. (2024). EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 2024(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1444607
AMA Ömer Ulukaya E. EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri. April 2024;2024(1):49-59. doi:10.56337/sbm.1444607
Chicago Ömer Ulukaya, Esin. “EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 2024, no. 1 (April 2024): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1444607.
EndNote Ömer Ulukaya E (April 1, 2024) EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 2024 1 49–59.
IEEE E. Ömer Ulukaya, “EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices”, Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, vol. 2024, no. 1, pp. 49–59, 2024, doi: 10.56337/sbm.1444607.
ISNAD Ömer Ulukaya, Esin. “EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 2024/1 (April 2024), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1444607.
JAMA Ömer Ulukaya E. EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri. 2024;2024:49–59.
MLA Ömer Ulukaya, Esin. “EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, vol. 2024, no. 1, 2024, pp. 49-59, doi:10.56337/sbm.1444607.
Vancouver Ömer Ulukaya E. EU Membership of Western Balkan Countries and Digital Citizenship Practices. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri. 2024;2024(1):49-5.