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Mostar Köprüsünün Turistik Değeri: Keşfedici Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, , 152 - 167, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1530303

Abstract

Mostar Köprüsü 1557 yılında Mimar Hayruddin tarafından yapılmış ve varlığını 1993 yılına kadar sürdürmüştür. Bosna Savaşı’nda Hırvat bir topçunun ateş açması sonucu yıkılmış ve yapımında kullanılan taşlar Mostar bölgesini doğal bir sınır olarak bölen Neretva Nehri’ne karışmıştır. Köprü taşları Macar dalgıçlar tarafından nehirden çıkarılmış 1997 yılında Türkiye, Fransa, Bosna Hersek ve Macaristan’ın desteğiyle yeniden inşaya başlanmıştır. 2004 yılında açılışı yapılan Mostar Köprüsü 2005 yılında UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’ne girmiştir. Bu çalışmada Mostar Köprüsü’nü konu alan araştırmalar literatür taraması yöntemiyle incelenerek köprünün turistik değerinin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Web of Science veri tabanında ‘Mostar Bridge’ başlığıyla yapılan tarama sonucunda 92 çalışmaya ulaşılmış, bunların arasından çift sayım yapılanlar ve içerik olarak uygun olmayan makaleler çıkarılmıştır. Yapılan literatür taramasında Mostar Köprüsü’nün tarihi göz önüne alındığında turistik değerine dair yeterince çalışma olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Özellikle köprünün hüzün ve diaspora turizmi potansiyelinin değerlendirilemediği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bosna Savaşı ve köprünün yıkılmasıyla bozulan güven, huzur ve barış ortamı bölgenin etnik yapısını da değiştirmiş savaş sonrası Sırp nufüsun büyük çoğunluğu göç ederken, Boşnak ve Hırvatlar da Mostar’ın doğusu ve batısı olmak üzere iki ayrı alanda yaşamaya başlamıştır. Mostar köprüsü göç eden ve bölgeyle tarihi bağı bulunanlar için bir diaspora turizmi potansiyeli oluştururken, savaş ve yıkımın en somut örneği olması bakımından da hüzün turizmi bağlamında değerlendirilmelidir. Sonraki süreçte yapılacak çalışmalar köprünün hizmet edebileceği alternatif turizm çeşitlerine ve taşıdığı turizm potansiyeline vurgu yapmalıdır.

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul raporu gerekmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

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Thanks

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References

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  • Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), W-65,1-36.
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Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research

Year 2024, , 152 - 167, 31.10.2024
https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1530303

Abstract

The Mostar Bridge was built in 1557 by Mimar Hajruddin and continued its existence until 1993. It was destroyed by Croatian artillery fire during the Bosnian War and the stones used in its construction mixed with the Neretva River, which divides the Mostar region as a natural border. The stones of the bridge were removed from the river by Hungarian divers and reconstruction began in 1997 with the support of Turkey, France, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Hungary. The Mostar Bridge, which was opened in 2004, was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2005. This study aims to reveal the touristic value of the bridge by examining the studies on the Mostar Bridge using the literature review method. Before literature review field work was conducted by the author to see the destination. After the search conducted in the Web of Science database under the title of ‘Mostar Bridge’, 92 studies were reached, and those that were double-counted and articles that were not appropriate in terms of content were removed. In the literature review conducted, it was understood that there were not enough studies on the touristic value of the Mostar Bridge considering its history. It is particularly evident that the bridge's potential for melancholy and diaspora tourism has not been utilized. The atmosphere of trust, peace and tranquility that was disrupted by the Bosnia War and the collapse of the bridge has also changed the ethnic structure of the region. While the vast majority of the Serbian population migrated after the war, Bosnians and Croats began to live in two separate areas, east and west of Mostar. While the Mostar Bridge creates a diaspora tourism potential for those who migrated and have historical ties to the region, it should also be evaluated in the context of melancholy tourism as it is the most concrete example of war and destruction. Studies to be conducted in the following period should emphasize the alternative tourism types that the bridge can serve and the tourism potential it carries.

References

  • Ademović, N., & Kurtović, A. (2021). Influence of planes of anisotropy on physical and mechanical properties of freshwater limestone (Mudstone). Construction and Building Materials, 268, 121174, 1-19.
  • Ağbaba, K., & Karabağ, S. (2022). Tabata Antrenman Protokolünü Farklı Branşlarda Deneyen Çalışmaların Değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Dağcılık ve Tırmanış Dergisi, 5(1), 9-22.
  • Anayat, S., & Rasool, G. (2024). Artificial intelligence marketing (AIM): connecting-the-dots using bibliometrics. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 32(1), 114-135.
  • Armaly, M., Blasi, C., & Hannah, L. (2004). Stari Most: rebuilding more than a historic bridge in Mostar. Museum international, 56(4), 6-17.
  • Atabay, Z. E., Macedonio, A., Teba, T., & Unal, Z. (2024). Destruction, heritage and memory: post-conflict memorialisation for recovery and reconciliation. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 14(4), 477-496.
  • BBC UK. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p02chyh7. Access Date: 20.06.2024
  • Björkdahl, A., & Mannergren Selimovic, J. (2016). A tale of three bridges: Agency and agonism in peace building. Third World Quarterly, 37(2), 321-335.
  • Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Stari-Most. Access Date: 20.06.2024
  • Calo, F., & Parise, M. (2009). Waste management and problems of groundwater pollution in karst environments in the context of a post-conflict scenario: the case of Mostar (Bosnia Herzegovina). Habitat International, 33(1), 63-72.
  • Campisi, T., Canale, A., Tesoriere, G., Lovric, I., & Čutura, B. (2019). The importance of assessing the level of service in confined infrastructures: some considerations of the old ottoman pedestrian bridge of mostar. Applied Sciences, 9(8), 1630, 1-20.
  • Čaušević, A., Akšamija, L., Rustempašić, N., & Avdić, D. (2020, December). Appraisal of Heritage Buildings in the Post-War Period in Bosnia. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 960, No. 2, p. 022039). IOP Publishing.1-10.
  • Charlesworth, E. (2008). Deconstruction, reconstruction and design responsibility. Architectural Theory Review, 13(1), 69-79.
  • Connor, A. (2017). 2 Urbicide and the destruction of “bridge-ness” in Mostar. The Political Afterlife of Sites of Monumental Destruction: Reconstructing Affect in Mostar and New York, 23.
  • Connor, A. (2017). 3 Afterlife. The Political Afterlife of Sites of Monumental Destruction: Reconstructing Affect in Mostar and New York, 52.
  • Consulate General of the Republic of Turkey in Mostar https://mostar-bk.mfa.gov.tr/Mission/ShowInfoNote/338102. Access Date: 27.06.2024
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  • Cotter, M. (2018). Military necessity, proportionality and dual-use objects at the ICTY: A close reading of the Prlić et al. Proceedings on the destruction of the old bridge of mostar. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 23(2), 283-305.
  • Demir, H. (2021). Dicle (On Gözlü) Köprüsü’nün Somut Ve Somut Olmayan Miras Olarak Korunması. Milli Folklor, 17(132), 226-249.
  • Forde, S. (2016). The bridge on the Neretva: Stari Most as a stage of memory in post-conflict Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina. Cooperation and Conflict, 51(4), 467-483.
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  • Gonçalves, B., Coelho, L., & Pinto, P. (2024). Earnings management in the hospitality industry: A systematic literature review. Tourism & Management Studies, 20(1), 65-77.
  • Gruden, C., Campisi, T., Canale, A., Šraml, M., & Tesoriere, G. (2020). The evaluation of the surrogate safety measures along a pedestrian confined ramp of an old bridge. Eur. Transp, 77, 12-21.
  • Harapin, A., Smilović, M., Grgić, N., Glibić, M., & Radnić, J. (2013). Static and dynamic analysis of the old stone bridge in Mostar.655-666. https://Turkeyturizmansiklopedisi.com/turistik-deger#:~:text=Hem%20arz%20hem%20de%20talep,yapay%20olarak%20ikiye%20ay%C4%B1rmak%20m%C3%BCmk%C3%BCnd%C3%BCr. Access Date: 23.06.2024
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  • İzmir Kültürel Miras Platformu, 2024. https://www.kulturelmiras.org/mirasa-bakis/miras-tanimlari-ve-kategorileri/#kulturelmiras. 25.06.2024
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  • Kenan, M., Adnan, I., & Enver, M. (2019). Physıcal and mechanıcal specıfıtıes of “tenelıja” stone. Archives for Technical Sciences/Arhiv za Tehnicke Nauke, (20), 13-22.
  • Krstevska, L. S. (2022). Estimation of Seismic Behaviour of Historic Masonry Structures by Shake Table Testing. In Protection of Historical Constructions: Proceedings of PROHITECH 2021 4 (pp. 556-575). Springer International Publishing.
  • Krstevska, L., Nikolić, Ž., & Kustura, M. (2021). Shake table testing of two historical masonry structures for estimation of their seismic stability. International journal of architectural heritage, 15(1), 45-63.
  • Kuftinec, S. A. (2009). Balkan Bridges: Re-Membering Mostar (1995–2000). In Theatre, Facilitation, and Nation Formation in the Balkans and Middle East (pp. 34-70). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Kustura, M., Smoljanovic, H., Nikolic, Z., & Krstevska, L. (2021). Experimental and numerical analysis of the global behaviour of the 1: 9 scale model of the Old Bridge in Mostar. Coupled Systems Mechanics, 10(1), 1-19.
  • Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. Annals of internal medicine, 151(4), W-65,1-36.
  • Mandić, A. (2023). The Destruction of the Old Bridge in Mostar: A Rupture in Collective Urban Space and Life. International Journal of Islamic Architecture, 12(2), 363-390.
  • Moffett, L. (2020). A Bridge Too Far? Attacks against Cultural Property used as Military Objectives as War Crimes: The Prlić et al. case and the Mostar Bridge. international criminal law review, 20(2), 214-250.
  • Moffett, L. (2020). A Bridge Too Far? Attacks against Cultural Property used as Military Objectives as War Crimes: The Prlić et al. case and the Mostar Bridge. international criminal law review, 20(2), 214-250.
  • Morabito, G. (2021). The Reconstruction and Reopening of the Mostar Bridge and the Protection and Safeguarding of Orthodox Monasteries in Kosovo. In The Safety and Security of Cultural Heritage in Zones of War or Instability (pp. 32-36). IOS Press.
  • Mostar Bridge, 2024. http://www.mostarbridge.org/starimost/00_main/inaug/inaug_press.htm
  • Obelić, B., Bronić, I. K., Barešić, J., Peković, Ž., & Milošević, A. (2007). Dating of the old bridge in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Radiocarbon, 49(2), 617-623.
  • Opania, S., & Salamak, M. (2019, February). The Remains of the Bridges. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 471, No. 9, p. 092001). IOP Publishing. 1-9.
  • Orlando, M., Spinelli, P., & Vignoli, A. (2003). Structural analysis for the reconstruction design of the old bridge of Mostar. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, 66, 617-626.
  • Pereira, P., & Pereira, D. (2012, September). Assessment of Geosites Touristic Value in Geoparks: The Example of Arouca Geopark (Portugal). In Proceedings of the 11th European Geoparks Conference, Arouca, Portugal (pp. 19-21).
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism Economics, Sustainable Tourism
Journal Section 2024(2) Papers
Authors

Yağmur Can Gaberli

Publication Date October 31, 2024
Submission Date August 8, 2024
Acceptance Date October 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Can Gaberli, Y. (2024). Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, 2024(2), 152-167. https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1530303
AMA Can Gaberli Y. Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri. October 2024;2024(2):152-167. doi:10.56337/sbm.1530303
Chicago Can Gaberli, Yağmur. “Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 2024, no. 2 (October 2024): 152-67. https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1530303.
EndNote Can Gaberli Y (October 1, 2024) Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 2024 2 152–167.
IEEE Y. Can Gaberli, “Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research”, Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, vol. 2024, no. 2, pp. 152–167, 2024, doi: 10.56337/sbm.1530303.
ISNAD Can Gaberli, Yağmur. “Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri 2024/2 (October 2024), 152-167. https://doi.org/10.56337/sbm.1530303.
JAMA Can Gaberli Y. Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri. 2024;2024:152–167.
MLA Can Gaberli, Yağmur. “Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research”. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri, vol. 2024, no. 2, 2024, pp. 152-67, doi:10.56337/sbm.1530303.
Vancouver Can Gaberli Y. Touristic Value of Mostar Bridge: An Exploratory Research. Sosyal Bilimler Metinleri. 2024;2024(2):152-67.