AEROBİK PERFORMANS VE SOLUNUM İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Bireyin egzersiz esnasında tükettiği maksimal oksijen miktarı aerobik kapasitesinin önemli bir göstergesidir. Bu nedenle araştırmacılar aerobik kapasiteyi belirlemek için maksimal oksijen tüketimini (VO2max) ölçmeye yönelik testleri kullanmaktadır. VO2max solunum sisteminin oksijeni alma ve dolaşım sisteminin dağıtma kapasitesine ve iskelet kaslarının bu oksijeni alabilme ve işleyebilme kapasitesine bağlıdır. Bu nedenle VO2max’ni etkileyen 3 fizyolojik sistem vardır. Dolaşım ve kas sisteminin aksine, solunum sistemi çok yüksek şiddetteki egzersizler esnasında bile gerekli ihtiyacı karşılayabildiği için, aerobik performansı kısıtlayan önemli faktörlerden birisi olarak gösterilmez. Bu araştırmanın amacı aktif sporcuların maksimal oksijen tüketimleri ile solunum parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla araştırmaya 20 antrenmanlı erkek sporcu (24.3 ± 2.7 yıl, 178.1 ± 4.0 cm, 73.3 ± 7.1 kg) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan gönüllülerin boy uzunluğu, vücut ağırlığı, yağ yüzdesi, yağsız vücut kütlesi, solunum parametreleri ve maksimal oksijen tüketimleri ölçülmüştür. Verilerin dağılımı değerlendirildikten sonra gruplar arasındaki ilişki düzeyleri Pearson Korelasyon testi ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmamız sonucunda VO₂max ile maksimal ventilasyon hacmi arasında yüksek korelasyon (r=0.814; p=0.000) ve maksimal tidal hacim ile orta düzeyde korelasyon (r=0.532; p=0.01) tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmalarda aerobik kapasiteyi etkileyen en önemli unsur olarak dolaşım sistemi bildirilmiş olsa da VO₂max ile maksimal ventilasyon değerleri arasındaki yüksek korelasyon, solunum sisteminin önemli bir faktör olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• aerobik performans,solunum,ventilasyon,oksijen tüketimi

RELATIONSHIP OF AEROBIC PERFORMANCE AND VENTILATION

Abstract

Maximal oxygen consumption during exercise is an important determinant of aerobic capacity. Therefore, researchers use the aerobic tests evaluating maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) to determine the aerobic capacity. VO2max depends on the capacity of the respiratory and circulatory systems to take up and distribute oxygen, and also the capacity of the muscles to receive and utilize it. Hence, there is three physiological systems affecting VO2max. In contrast to the circulatory and muscle systems, the respiratory system is usually not considered an important limiting factor for aerobic capacity because of its sufficient capacity to cope with the demands during high-intensity exercises. The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity and respiratory system parameters. Twenty healthy and trained males (24.3 ± 2.7 years, 178.1 ± 4.0 cm, 73.3 ± 7.1 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The height, weight, body fat percentage, lean body mass, ventilation parameters, and maximal oxygen consumption were evaluated. After evaluating the distribution of the data, the Pearson Correlation Test was used to determine the relationship status. As a result of our study, a high correlation was found between VO₂max and maximal ventilation volume (r=0.814; p=0.000), and a moderate correlation was found between VO₂max and tidal volume (r=0.532; p=0.01). Even if the circulatory system was referred as the main factor affecting aerobic capacity in researches, the high correlation in our study results between VO₂max and maximal ventilation volume shows that respiratory system should also be considered as an important factor for aerobic capacity.

Keywords

• aerobic performance,ventilation,respiratory system

References

1. Amann, M. (2012). "Pulmonary system limitations to endurance exercise performance in humans." Exp Physiol 97(3): 311-318.
2. Aslankeser, Z. and S. S. Balci (2017). "Substrate oxidation during incremental exercise in young women: The effects of 2-week high intensity interval training." Medicina dello Sport 70(2): 137-149.
3. Babcock, M. A., et al. (2002). "Effects of respiratory muscle unloading on exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue." J Appl Psychol 93(1): 201-206.
4. Baraniuk, J. N. and S. J. Merck (2008). "Nasal reflexes: Implications for exercise, breathing, and sex." Curr Allergy Asthm R 8(2): 147-153.
5. Bassett, D. R., Jr. and E. T. Howley (2000). "Limiting factors for maximum oxygen uptake and determinants of endurance performance." Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(1): 70-84.
6. Coast, J. R. and K. M. Krause (1993). "Relationship of oxygen consumption and cardiac output to work of breathing." Med Sci Sports Exerc 25(3): 335-340.
7. Daubenspeck, J. A. (1981). "Influence of small mechanical loads of variability of breathing pattern." J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol 50(2): 299-306.
8. Demir, M. and K. Filiz (2004). "Spor egzersizlerinin insan organizmasi üzerindeki etkileri." Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Derg. 5(2).

9. Dempsey, J., et al. (2008). "Respiratory system determinants of peripheral fatigue and endurance performance." Med Sci Sports Exerc. 40(3): 457-461.
10. Dempsey, J. A., et al. (2008). "Update in the understanding of respiratory limitations to exercise performance in fit, active adults." Chest 134(3): 613-622.
11. Dinardi, R. R., et al. (2013). "Evaluation of the effectiveness of the external nasal dilator strip in adolescent athletes: A randomized trial." International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 77(9): 1500-1505.
12. Dominelli, P. B., et al. (2017). "Effects of respiratory muscle work on respiratory and locomotor blood flow during exercise." Exp Physiol 102(11): 1535-1547.
13. Franch, J., et al. (1998). "Improved running economy following intensified training correlates with reduced ventilatory demands." Med Sci Sports Exerc 30(8): 1250-1256.
14. Griffin, J. W., et al. (1997). "Physiologic effects of an external nasal dilator." Laryngoscope 107(9): 1235-1238.
15. Harms, C. A. (2007). "Insights into the role of the respiratory muscle metaboreflex." The Journal of physiology 584(3): 711-711.
16. Harms, C. A., et al. (1997). "Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise." J Appl Physiol (1985) 82(5): 1573-1583.
17. Harms, C. A., et al. (1998). "Effects of respiratory muscle work on cardiac output and its distribution during maximal exercise." J Appl Physiol (1985) 85(2): 609-618.
18. Hilberg, O. (2002). "Objective measurement of nasal airway dimensions using acoustic rhinometry: Methodological and clinical aspects." Allergy 57(s70): 5-39.
19. Kyle, U. G., et al. (2004). "Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part ii: Utilization in clinical practice." Clinical nutrition 23(6): 1430-1453.
20. Shapiro, S. S. and M. B. Wilk (1965). "An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples)." Biometrika 52(3/4): 591-611.
21. Sheel, A. W., et al. (2001). "Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex reduction in resting leg blood flow in humans." J Physiol 537(Pt 1): 277-289.
22. Shephard, R. J. and P. O. Astrand (2008). Endurance in sport, John Wiley & Sons.
23. Strohl, K. P., et al. (1988). "The nasal response to exercise and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in normal and asthmatic subjects." Thorax 43(11): 890-895.
24. Tabachnick, B. G. and L. S. Fidell (2007). Using multivariate statistics, Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education.