Yardım Edenlere Nasıl Yardım Edilecek?: Afetlerde Çalışan Profesyonellerle Bütünleyici Grup Terapisi Uygulamaları

Öz

Afet; doğa, insan veya teknoloji nedeniyle oluşan, fiziksel, psikososyal ve ekonomik yıkıma yol açan, günlük yaşam dinamiklerini olumsuz etkileyen, yoğun stres yaratan olaylardır. Afetlerin yıkıcı etkilerinin önlenmesinde ve azaltılmasında arama kurtarma ekipleri, ilk ve acil yardım personeli, kolluk güçleri, medya mensupları ve psikososyal destek personeli çalışmalar yürütmektedir. Afet sahasının zorlayıcı koşullarından ve travmatik olaylara maruziyetin yoğunluğundan dolayı afet çalışanlarında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, anksiyete bozukluğu, depresyon ve psikosomatik bozukluklar görülebilmektedir. Afet çalışanlarının güçlendirilmesinde psikososyal müdahaleler kullanılmaktadır. Bu müdahalelerden biri bütünleyici grup terapisi (BGT) uygulamalarıdır. BGT, afet çalışanlarının ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda farklı terapötik araçları ve yaklaşımları birleştiren bir psikoterapi şeklidir. BGT müdahale programı üç modülden oluşmaktadır. Birincil modül afet sahasındaki stres etkenlerini içeren psikoeğitimi; ikincil modül travmatik stresle ilişkili duygu düşünce ve deneyimlerin paylaşıldığı ve risk altındaki bireylerin tespit edildiği programı; üçüncül modül ise ilaç tedavisi, aile terapisi veya diğer terapi ekollerini içeren bireysel psikoterapilerin kullanıldığı yoğun bir programı kapsamaktadır. Sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının hem afet çalışanı olarak sahada görev almaları hem de afet çalışanlarına yardım eden psikososyal destek personeli olmaları açısından BGT uygulamalarının faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• Afet Çalışanı
• Bütünleyici Grup Terapisi

How to help the helpers?: Integrative Group Therapy Practices with Professionals in Disasters

Abstract

Disasters are events that occur due to nature, people, or technology, cause physical, psychosocial, and economic destruction, severely affect daily life dynamics and cause stress. Search and rescue teams, first and emergency aid personnel, law enforcement officers, members of the media and psychosocial support personnel carry out studies on the prevention and reduction of the devastating effects of disasters. Due to the challenging conditions of the disaster area and the intensity of exposure to traumatic events that disaster workers could have post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorder, depression, and psychosomatic disorders. Psychosocial interventions are used to empower them. One of these interventions is integrative group therapy (IGT). It is a form of psychotherapy that combines various therapeutic tools and approaches via the needs of disaster workers. The IGT includes three modules. The primary module includes the psychoeducation program about stressors about disasters. In the secondary module, feelings, thoughts and experiences related to traumatic stress are shared and individuals at risk are identified. The tertiary module includes an intensive program of individual psychotherapies with medication, family therapy or other therapy schools. It is considered that IGT will be beneficial in terms of social workers both being as disaster workers and being psychosocial support personnel helping disaster workers.

Keywords

• Disaster
• Disaster workers
• Integrative Group Therapy

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