ALMANYA’DAKİ ANA AKIM SİYASAL PARTİLERİN GÖÇ POLİTİKALARININ MUKAYESELİ BİR ANALİZİ

Year 2026, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 1 - 40, 28.01.2026

Yusuf Sayın , Atabala Mammadov

https://izlik.org/JA56WD94TR

Abstract

Almanya’da siyasi partilerin göç politikaları ülkenin tarihsel, ekonomik ve toplumsal dinamiklerinin yanı sıra uluslararası gelişmelerin etkisiyle şekillenmiştir. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası işgücü açığını kapatmak amacıyla başlatılan misafir işçi programları, özellikle Türkiye gibi ülkelerden gelen göçmenlerin Almanya’nın ekonomik kalkınmasına katkıda bulunmasını sağlamış, ancak entegrasyon süreçlerini uzun vadeli bir mesele haline getirmiştir. 21. yüzyılda ise göç politikalarının odağında, özellikle 2015 mülteci krizi gibi uluslararası gelişmeler yer almıştır. Şansölye Angela Merkel liderliğindeki hükümetin ‘Açık Kapı Politikası’, başlangıçta insani bir kriz yönetimi olarak destek görmüş, ancak zamanla toplumsal kutuplaşmaları ve siyasi tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. Hristiyan Demokrat Birlik (CDU/CSU) ve Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SPD), genel olarak göçmenlerin entegrasyonu ve uyumuna odaklanmış, sağ popülist Almanya için Alternatif (AfD) Partisi ise mülteci/göçmen krizini siyasi söylemlerinin merkezine alarak, göçmenlerin kültürel uyumsuzlukları ve ekonomik yükleri gibi konuları vurgulamış; toplumsal korkuları körüklemiştir. AfD, bu yaklaşımlarıyla toplum içinde göç karşıtı duyguların artmasında etkili olmuştur. Diğer yandan, Yeşiller Partisi ve Sol Parti (Die Linke), insan hakları ve insani değerleri ön plana çıkarmıştır. Bu partiler, göçmenlerin topluma entegrasyonunu ve sığınmacılara yönelik daha adil ve insancıl politikaları savunmuştur. Bu makalede, Almanya’da siyasi partilerin göç politikaları mukayeseli olarak incelenmiş ve bu bağlamda ilgili literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, mukayeseli anlatım metodunu benimsemiştir.

Keywords

Göç , Mültecilik , Almanya için Alternatif (AfD) , Hristiyan Demokrat Birliği (CDU) , Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SPD)

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMMIGRATION POLICIES OF MAINSTREAM POLITICAL PARTIES IN GERMANY

https://izlik.org/JA56WD94TR

Abstract

The migration policies of political parties in Germany have been shaped by the country’s historical, economic, and social dynamics as well as the influence of international developments. The guest worker programs initiated after World War II to address labor shortages enabled migrants, particularly from countries like Türkiye, to contribute to Germany’s economic development, but also turned integration processes into a long-term issue. In the 21st century, international developments, especially the 2015 refugee crisis, have been central to migration policies. Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government’s ‘Open Door Policy’ initially gained support as a humanitarian crisis management approach, but over time led to social polarization and political debates. The Christian Democratic Union (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) have generally focused on the integration and inclusion of immigrants, whereas the right-wing populist Alternative for Germany (AfD) has placed the refugee and migration crisis at the center of its political discourse, emphasizing issues such as cultural incompatibility and the economic burden of migrants, thereby fueling societal fears. However, the right-wing populist party Alternative for Germany (AfD) placed the refugee crisis at the center of its political discourse, emphasizing issues such as migrants’ cultural incompatibilities and economic burdens, thereby fueling social fears. With this approach, the AfD played a role in increasing anti-migrant sentiments within society. On the other hand, the Green Party and the Left Party (Die Linke) prioritizing human rights and humanitarian values. These parties have advocated for the integration of immigrants into society and for fairer and more humane policies towards asylum seekers. This article comparatively examines the migration policies of political parties in Germany and aims to contribute to the literature in this context. The study adopts comparative method of explanation.

Keywords

Migration , Refugee , Alternative for Germany , Christian Democratic Union , Social Democratic Party

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