Haçlı Seferlerinden Siyonizm’e Sömürgeci Projelerin Devam Ettirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 178 - 228, 30.09.2021

Khalid El-awaisi

Abstract

Avrupa’da on birinci yüzyılın sonlarında başlayan Haçlı coşkusu, yüzyıllar boyunca milyonlarca Avrupalıyı Kutsal Toprakları Müslümanların elinden almak için seferber etmeye devam eden bir ruhtu. Beytü’l-Makdis’i ele geçirmek ve kiliselerini ve Hristi-yanları “özgürleştirmek” amacıyla otuzun üzerinde haçlı seferi başlatıldı, ancak çoğu zaman bunlar amaçlarına ulaşamadı. İlk Haçlı seferi, bir asır içinde Selahaddin tarafından sona erdirilen ve bir asır sonra Memlükler tarafından varlıklarının tama-men ortadan kaldırıldığı ilk Avrupa sömürge toplumunun yaratılmasında başarılı oldu. Bir haçlı seferinin son girişimi, Amerika’dan gelen altınla İspanya’dan yeni bir haçlı seferi başlatmak isteyen Kristof Kolomb’unkiydi. Haçlı seferi fikrinin ilk başarı-sının ardından, fikir Kutsal Toprakların ötesine genişletildi ve Papa tarafından kut-sanan kampanyalar için kullanıldı. Daha sonra kavram zeminini kaybetmek oldu ve haçlı seferi coşkusu on altıncı yüzyılda öldü. Osmanlıların Avrupa’yı tehdit etmesiyle, artık Kudüs’ü mümkün kılmak için haçlı seferi yapmıyorlardı. Kıyamet senaryoları ve Yahudileri Filistin’e geri getirme fikri, Kutsal Toprakların beklentileri için büyük bir değişime işaret ediyordu. Napolyon, bir Yahudi kolonisi kurmak için ilk resmi çağ-rıyı yaptı, ancak hiçbir zaman gerçekleşmese de, İngilizler bu projeyi gerçekleştirmeyi üstlendiler. Yüzyılı aşkın süredir başarısız olan planlar, İngilizler Filistin’i işgal etmesi ile “Haçlı Seferlerinin Sonu”nu ilan etmeyi başardılar. Ancak, yeni bir sömürge de yerleşimci devleti için planlar çoktan harekete geçmişti ve otuz yıllık İngiliz işgalinden sonra saltanat, Haçlı Seferlerinin mirasçıları olarak Siyonistlere devredildi.

Keywords

Haçlı Seferleri, Sömürgecilik, Siyonizm.

The Continuation of The Colonialist Project From The Crusades to Zionism

Abstract

The zeal for the Crusader started in Europe at the end of the eleventh century, a spirit that continued for centuries to mobilise millions of Europeans to take the Holy Land from Muslim hands. Over thirty crusades were launched with the aim of capturing Bayt al-Maqdis and “liberating” its churches and Christians, however mostly failing to achieve their said aims. The first crusade was successful in creating the first European colonial society, being brought to an end within a century by Salah al-Din and the complete eradication of their presence by the Mamluk a century later. The last attempt of a crusade was that of Christopher Columbus, who with the gold from the America wanted to launch a new crusade from Spain. Following the first success of the idea of the crusade, the idea was expanded beyond the Holy Land and was used for campaigns blessed by the Pope. Later the concept was to lose ground, and zeal for the crusade was dying out by the sixteenth century. With the threat of the Ottomans into Europe, no longer were crusading to take Jerusalem feasible. Apocalyptic scenarios and the idea of restoring the Jews to Palestine marked a major shift for the prospects of the Holy Land. Napoleon issued the first official call to establish a Jewish colony, although never materialising, the British took it upon themselves to see this project through. Over a century of failed schemes, the British managed to occupy Palestine and proclaim the “End of the Crusades”. Yet, plans for a new colonial settler state were already in motion and after thirty years of British occupation, the reigns were handed over to Zionist as the heirs of the Crusades.

Keywords

Crusades, Colonialism, Zionism

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