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YAPILANDIRILMIŞ İSTİHBARAT ANALİZ TEKNİKLERİNDEN DEĞİŞEN GÖSTERGELER ANALİZ TEKNİĞİNİN ÖNEMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 104 - 128, 31.01.2022

Abstract

İstihbarat analiz teknikleri sayesinde istihbarat değerlendirmelerinin kapsamlılığı, güvenilirliği ve politikacıların karar almasında yararlılığı arttırılmaktadır. Analiz teknikleri amaçlarına göre gruplandırıldığında; tanısal teknikler analitik muhakemenin, varsayımların veya istihbari bilgi boşluklarının daha şeffaf hale getirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Değişen Göstergeler Analizi tekniği, diğer yapılandırılmış analiz tekniklerini desteklemek için de çok güçlü bir yardımcıdır. Değişen göstergeler veya işaretler analizi; olayları, hedefleri izlemek, ortaya çıkan eğilimleri tespit etmek ve beklenmedik değişikliklere karşı uyarmak için gözlemlenebilir olayların veya eğilimlerin listesini düzenli olarak incelemeye yönelik bir tekniktir. Bir analizci, bir olayı zaman içinde izlemesi gerektiğinde bu değişiklikleri izlemek ve değerlendirmek için söz konusu tekniği kullanılabilmektedir.
Bu çalışmada 12 yapılandırılmış analiz tekniklerinden biri olan ve tanısal analiz tekniklerinden biri olan sınıflandırılmış olan “Değişen Göstergeler Analizi” incelenmiştir. Bu teknik ile analitik muhakemenin, varsayımların veya istihbari bilgi boşluklarının daha şeffaf hale getirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanmış olup, betimsel içerik analizi ve doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi, araştırılması hedeflenen olgu ve olgular hakkında bilgi içeren yazılı materyallerin analizini kapsar. Doküman analizinde anlam çıkartmak, anlayış kazandırmak ve ampirik bilgi geliştirmek için verilerin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesini gerektirir. Bu doğrultuda Değişen Göstergeler tekniğinin tanımı, önemi, analiz metodolojisi, analiz tekniklerinin kullanım alanları, tekniğin faydaları ve sınırlıkları ve tekniğe yönelik eleştiriler üzerinde durulmuş ve tarihsel süreçteki örnek uygulamaları değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • Bar, J., Uri, (2015). A Question of Loyalty: Ashraf Marwan and Israel’s Intelligence Fiasco in the Yom Kippur War, Intelligence and National Security, 30(5), s. 667-685, doi.10.1080/02684527.2014.887632
  • Bar, J., Uri, R., McDermott (2017). Intelligence Success and Failure: The Human Factor. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Bowen, G. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9 (2), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240807798, doi.10.3316/QRJ0902027.
  • Cheikes, B. A., Brown, M. J., Lehner, P. E., & Adelman, L. (2004). Confirmation Bias in Complex Analysis. Bedford, Massachusetts: MITRE:Center for Integrated Intelligence Systems.
  • Department of Army, (2020). Intelligence Analysis ATP 2-33.4. Washington: Army Techniques Publication
  • Doyle, J. S. (2019). The Yom Kippur War and the Shaping of the United States Air Force. Alabama: Air University Press
  • Garner, G., & McGlynn, P. (2018). Intelligence Analysis Fundamentals. CRC Press.
  • Gawrych, G. W. (1996). The 1973 Arab-Israeli War: The Albatross of Decisive Victory. Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History.
  • Gilboa, A. (2015). Crucial Warning Goes Unheeded The Story of a Forgotten Intelligence Episode, October 5, 1973. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center https://www.terrorism-info.org.il//Data/articles/Art_20839/E_115_16_1371730281.pdf
  • Gill, P., Marrin, S., & Phythian, M. (2008). Intelligence Theory: Key Questions and Debates.
  • Golan, S. (2004). The Yom Kippur War A Never-ending Conflict: A Guide to Israeli Military History. (Editör: Mordechai Bar-On (Praeger, Westpor).
  • Grunt, P. (2017). Structured Analytic Techniques: Taxonomy and Technique Selection for Information and Intelligence Analysis Practitioners. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, (30), s. 15-136.
  • Handel, M., I. (1977). The Yom Kippur War and the Inevitability of Surprise. International Studies Quarterly, 21(3), s. 461-502.
  • Herzog, C. (2003). The War of Atonement: The Inside Story of the Yom Kippur War. London: Greenhill Books.
  • Hinsley, H. F. (1994). British Intelligence and Barbarossa. J. Erickson, & D. Dilks , Barbarossa: The Axis and the Allies (s. 43-75). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Kennan, G. F. (1961). Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin. Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown Books.
  • Lahneman, W. J. (2006). The Future of Intelligence Analysis, Volume I. Final Report. College Park: The Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland.
  • Lowenthal, M. (2009) Intelligence From Secrets to Policy Washington: CQ Press
  • McDowell, D. (2009). Strategic Intelligence: A Handbook for Practitioners, Managers, and Users. Maryland: Scarecrow Press
  • Moskoff, W. (2002). The Bread of Affliction: The Food Supply in the USSR during World War II.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Murphy, D. (2005). What Stalin Knew: The Enigma of Barbarossa. London: Yale University Press
  • Overy, R. (1996). The Pinguin Historical Atlas of the Third Reich. London: Penguin Books.
  • Pherson, R. H., & Heuer Jr, R. J. (2011). Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis. Cq Press.
  • Shamir, E. (2021). Moshe Dayan in the Yom Kippur War: A Reassessment”, Intelligence and National Security, DOI: 10.1080/02684527.2021.194695
  • Snyder, T. (2010). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books.
  • U.S. Government. (2009). Tradecraft Primer:Structured Analytic Techniques for Improving Intelligence Analysis. CIA Center for the study of intelligence.
  • Whaley, B. S. (1974). Codeword Barbarossa. Cambridge: The MIT Press.

STRUCTURED INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES: AN ASSESSMENT FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF “INDICATORS OR SIGNPOSTS OF CHANGE” ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 104 - 128, 31.01.2022

Abstract

With the help of intelligence analysis techniques, there is an increase in comprehensiveness, reliability, and usefulness of intelligence assessment reports for policymakers’ decision-making process. When analysis techniques are categorized according to their objectives, diagnostic techniques aim to make analytical reasoning, assumptions, or intelligence information gaps more transparent. The “Indicators or Signposts of Change” analysis technique is also a very powerful aid to support other structured analysis techniques.
In this study, “Indicators or Signposts of Change” analysis, which is one of 12 structured analysis techniques and classified as one of the diagnostic analysis techniques, was examined. This technique aims to make analytical reasoning, assumptions, or intelligence information gaps more transparent. This study was designed in a qualitative research pattern and used descriptive content analysis and document review. Document review covers the analysis of written materials containing information about the phenomenon and facts that are intended to be investigated. In document analysis in order to create sensible information, analysis requires the study and evaluation of data, gaining understanding, and developing empirical knowledge. In this direction, the definition, importance, analysis methodology, usage areas of analysis techniques, benefits and limitations of the technique, and criticisms of technique were emphasized and sample applications in the historical process were evaluated. As can be seen from the examples of Operation Barbarossa and the Yom Kippur War, the use of the technique of indicators or signposts of change is considered to contribute to rapid adaptation to changes occurring in the planning and execution of the operation to be carried out at the tactical and strategic level. It considered that high-quality intelligence data can be produced within the framework of foresight and awareness that analysis of indicators or signposts of change will provide in order to identify errors that may occur as a result of non-control of the quality of information of the Soviet Union and Israel. Identification and monitoring of indicators can play a role in avoiding possible surprises, as well as benefit in predicting global, political, and economic crises.

References

  • Bar, J., Uri, (2015). A Question of Loyalty: Ashraf Marwan and Israel’s Intelligence Fiasco in the Yom Kippur War, Intelligence and National Security, 30(5), s. 667-685, doi.10.1080/02684527.2014.887632
  • Bar, J., Uri, R., McDermott (2017). Intelligence Success and Failure: The Human Factor. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • Bowen, G. (2009). Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9 (2), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/240807798, doi.10.3316/QRJ0902027.
  • Cheikes, B. A., Brown, M. J., Lehner, P. E., & Adelman, L. (2004). Confirmation Bias in Complex Analysis. Bedford, Massachusetts: MITRE:Center for Integrated Intelligence Systems.
  • Department of Army, (2020). Intelligence Analysis ATP 2-33.4. Washington: Army Techniques Publication
  • Doyle, J. S. (2019). The Yom Kippur War and the Shaping of the United States Air Force. Alabama: Air University Press
  • Garner, G., & McGlynn, P. (2018). Intelligence Analysis Fundamentals. CRC Press.
  • Gawrych, G. W. (1996). The 1973 Arab-Israeli War: The Albatross of Decisive Victory. Washington D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History.
  • Gilboa, A. (2015). Crucial Warning Goes Unheeded The Story of a Forgotten Intelligence Episode, October 5, 1973. The Meir Amit Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center https://www.terrorism-info.org.il//Data/articles/Art_20839/E_115_16_1371730281.pdf
  • Gill, P., Marrin, S., & Phythian, M. (2008). Intelligence Theory: Key Questions and Debates.
  • Golan, S. (2004). The Yom Kippur War A Never-ending Conflict: A Guide to Israeli Military History. (Editör: Mordechai Bar-On (Praeger, Westpor).
  • Grunt, P. (2017). Structured Analytic Techniques: Taxonomy and Technique Selection for Information and Intelligence Analysis Practitioners. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, (30), s. 15-136.
  • Handel, M., I. (1977). The Yom Kippur War and the Inevitability of Surprise. International Studies Quarterly, 21(3), s. 461-502.
  • Herzog, C. (2003). The War of Atonement: The Inside Story of the Yom Kippur War. London: Greenhill Books.
  • Hinsley, H. F. (1994). British Intelligence and Barbarossa. J. Erickson, & D. Dilks , Barbarossa: The Axis and the Allies (s. 43-75). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Kennan, G. F. (1961). Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin. Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown Books.
  • Lahneman, W. J. (2006). The Future of Intelligence Analysis, Volume I. Final Report. College Park: The Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland.
  • Lowenthal, M. (2009) Intelligence From Secrets to Policy Washington: CQ Press
  • McDowell, D. (2009). Strategic Intelligence: A Handbook for Practitioners, Managers, and Users. Maryland: Scarecrow Press
  • Moskoff, W. (2002). The Bread of Affliction: The Food Supply in the USSR during World War II.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Murphy, D. (2005). What Stalin Knew: The Enigma of Barbarossa. London: Yale University Press
  • Overy, R. (1996). The Pinguin Historical Atlas of the Third Reich. London: Penguin Books.
  • Pherson, R. H., & Heuer Jr, R. J. (2011). Structured Analytic Techniques for Intelligence Analysis. Cq Press.
  • Shamir, E. (2021). Moshe Dayan in the Yom Kippur War: A Reassessment”, Intelligence and National Security, DOI: 10.1080/02684527.2021.194695
  • Snyder, T. (2010). Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin. New York: Basic Books.
  • U.S. Government. (2009). Tradecraft Primer:Structured Analytic Techniques for Improving Intelligence Analysis. CIA Center for the study of intelligence.
  • Whaley, B. S. (1974). Codeword Barbarossa. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Namık Çencen 0000-0001-8962-4124

Publication Date January 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 2 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Çencen, N. (2022). YAPILANDIRILMIŞ İSTİHBARAT ANALİZ TEKNİKLERİNDEN DEĞİŞEN GÖSTERGELER ANALİZ TEKNİĞİNİN ÖNEMİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. SDE Akademi Dergisi, 2(4), 104-128.

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