NATO ÜYELİĞİNDEN ÖNCE VE SONRA SLOVAKYA'NIN GÜVENLİK VE SAVUNMA İKİLEMİ- CSDP (ORTAK GÜVENLİK VE SAVUNMA POLİTİKASI) KAPSAMINDA YENİ BİR KİMLİK NASIL İNŞA EDİLDİ?

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 405 - 430, 27.09.2024

Zahraa Ghazi Alhilmee

https://doi.org/10.58375/sde.1513203

Öz

Soğuk Savaş Dönemi ardından Sovyetler Birliğinin dağılmasıyla, bu ülkeden ayrılan Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri büyük bir dönüşümü yaşamış ve güvenlik ve ekonomik kaygılarının bir sonucu olarak Avrupa Birliği ve NATO’ya üye olmak istemişlerdir. Bunun altında yatan ana neden böylece arzu ettikleri güven ve huzura bir an önce kavuşmak istemeleriydi. Ancak zaman içinde bu konuda hemen sonuç alamayacaklarını ve bu suretle endişelerini gidermelerinin mümkün olmadığını anlamakta gecikmediler. Ne NATO ne de Avrupa Birliği güvenlik endişelerini gidermediği gibi savunma harcamalarını daha da artırmak zorunda kaldıkları herkes tarafından görüldü. Bu ülkelerden birisi de şüphesiz Slovakya olmuştu.
Kimlik inşası; kimlikler üzerinden yaşanan, ötekileştirme, birleştirme, bütünleştirme, gelişme, ayrıştırma ya da çözülme gibi süreçleri açıklayan bir kavram olarak açıklanmaktadır. Kimlik inşası diğer yandan var olma süreçlerinin ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır ve kültürel birikimle şekillenen kimlik, benzeşmenin, kaynaşmanın veya çözülmenin alanı olarak hem bir araya getirici hem de ayrıştırıcı bir özelliğe sahiptir.
Bu makalede bir Doğu Avrupa ülkesi olan Slovakya’nın NATO üyeliği öncesi ve sonrasına odaklanılarak, Avrupa Ortak Güvenlik ve Savunma Politikası kapsamında yeni bir kimlik inşasını nasıl inşa etmeye çalıştığı ve bu doğrultuda güvenlik ve savunma alanında yaşadığı güvenlik ikilemleri açık kaynaklardan elde edilen bilgiler ışığında incelenecek ve bu ülkelerin yaşadıkları sıkıntılara ve bir türlü ulaşamadıkları güvenlik ihtiyacına literatür taraması ile bilimsel bir açıklama getirilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Araştırma genel olarak Slovakya ve yakın çevresinde bir oranda da Vişegrad ülkeleri esas alınarak sürdürülmüştür. Şüphesiz aynı sıkıntının diğer Doğu Avrupa ülkelerinde de az ya da çok yaşandığı görülmektedir. Yapılan araştırma, aynı zamanda bu bölgelerde güvenlik ihtiyacının giderilmesine yönelik daha gerçekçi bir yapılanmanın nasıl olması gerektiği konusu üzerinde de bazı önerileri ortaya koyacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Güvenlik, OGSP, Kimlik, Sosyal Yapılandırmacılık, Vişegrad Grubu

BEFORE AND AFTER EU-NATO ACCESSION SECURITY AND DEFENSE DİLEMMA OF SLOVAKIA – HOW A NEW IDENTİTY UNDER CSDP (THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY) HAS BEEN BUILD?

Öz

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the post-Cold War era saw significant transformation in the Eastern European countries that emerged from Soviet influence. Driven by concerns related to security and economic stability, these nations sought to align themselves with Western institutions, ultimately aiming to gain membership in both the European Union and NATO.

The main reason underlying this was that they wanted to get the confidence and peace they wanted as soon as possible. However, they did not delay in realizing that they would not get immediate results on this issue over time and that it was not possible for them to resolve their concerns in this way. It was seen by everyone that neither NATO nor the European Union had addressed security concerns, and that they had to increase defense spending even more. One of these countries was undoubtedly Slovakia.
Identity construction: It is explained as a concept that explains processes such as marginalization, unification, integration, development, separation or dissolution experienced through identities. On the other hand, identity construction is an integral part of the processes of existence, and identity shaped by cultural accumulation has both a unifying and divisive feature as a field of similarity, fusion or dissolution.

This article examines Slovakia's journey before and after its NATO membership, highlighting how the country, as an Eastern European state, has been striving to develop a new identity within the framework of the European Common Security and Defense Policy. It also explores the security challenges Slovakia faces in the realms of defense and security, as derived from publicly available sources.
In general, the research was carried out on the basis of Slovakia and its immediate surroundings to a certain extent also the Visegrad countries. Undoubtedly, it is observed that the same problem is experienced more or less in other Eastern European countries. The research conducted will also reveal some suggestions on how a more realistic structure should be aimed at eliminating the need for security in these regions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Security, CSDP, Identity, Social Constructivism, Visegrad Group.

Kaynakça

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