Lider üye etkileşim teorisi liderleri merkeze alan yaklaşımların aksine takipçilerin önemini vurgulayan, lider ile takipçi arasındaki ilişkiye odaklanan bir yaklaşımdır. Lider üye etkileşim teorisi kapsamında takipçi sınıflandırılmaları yapılmış çeşitli modeller oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada takipçi davranışları lider üye etkileşim teorisi ile Die Welle (Tehlikeli Oyun) filmi üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Bu filmin analizinde hem karakterlerin davranışlarını takipçi tipolojileri bağlamında değerlendirmek hem de sahne kesitlerinden alıntılara yer vererek lider ile takipçi arasındaki ilişkiyi bu ilişkiye odaklanan teorilere bağlayarak sunmak amaçlanmıştır. Filmde takipçi ve lider davranışlarını içeren önemli sahnelerin varlığı tespit edildiğinden çalışmaya uygun görülmüştür. Yapılan okumalarda lider ve takipçilerin davranış biçimlerini seyirciye sunan 16 adet sahne belirlenmiştir. Bu sahnelerin lider üye etkileşimi bağlamında ve tipolojilerle ilişkilendirilerek okunması ile çalışmanın alan yazına katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir. Ayrıca takipçilerin lidere karşı gösterdiği ve liderin takipçilere göre biçimlendirdiği davranışları seyirciye somut bir şekilde sunması açısından Tehlikeli Oyun filminin uygun bir eğitim materyali olduğu düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi uygulanmıştır.
Biçer, M. (2021). Lider üye etkileşimi ve yenilikçi davranış ilişkisinde personel güçlendirmenin aracılık etkisi, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 330-342. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1137
Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J., & Morris, A. (2006). A freshlook at followership: a model for matching followership and leadership styles. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(3), 304. https://doi.org/10.21818/001c.16673
Blom, M., & Alvesson, M. (2015). Less followership, less leadership? An inquiry into the basic but seemingly forgotten downsides of leadership. Management, 18(3), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.3917/mana.183.0266
Crossman, B., & Crossman, J. (2011). Conceptualising followership: a review of the literature. Leadership, 7(4), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715011416891
Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 618-634. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4306242
Essa, E. B., & Alattari, A. (2019). The relationship between followership styles and leadership styles. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 4(2), 407-449. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7
Favara Jr, L. F. (2009). Putting followership on the map: Examining followership styles and their relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching 5(2), 68-77.
Fiedler, F. E., & Garcia, J. E. (2005). Leadership in a non-linear world. Leadership and Management in the 21st Century: Business Challenges of the Future, 185-203 https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263363.003.0007
Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-Analytic review of leader–member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 827.https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.827
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based aproach to leadership: Development of leader member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
Huczynski, A., & Buchanan, D. (2004). Theory from fiction: a narrative process perspective on the pedagogic use of feature films. Journal of Management Education, 28(6), 702-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562903262163
Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F.P. (2007). Leader-member Exchange and citizenship behaviors: a meta analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 269-277. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-
Joseph, D. L., Newman, D. A., & Sin, H. P. (2011). Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) measurement: Evidence for consensus, construct breadth, and discriminant validity. In Building methodological bridges, 89-135. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-8387(2011)0000006012
Kellerman, B. (2008). How followers are creating change and changing leaders. Harvard Business School.
Kelley, R. E. (1988). In Praise of followers, 142-148. Harvard Business Review Case Services.
Kelley, R. E. (2008). Rethinking followership. The Art of Followership: How Great Followers Create Great Leaders And Organizations, 146, 5-15.
Liden, R. C., Sparrowe, R. T., & Wayne, S. J. (1997). Leader-member exchange theory: The past and potential for the future. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 15, 47-119.
Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1x
Martin, R., Thomas, G., Charles, K., Epitropaki, O., & McNamara, R. (2005). The role of leader‐member exchanges in mediating the relationship between locus of control and work reactions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(1), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904X23763
Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., & Epitropaki, O. (2016). Leader–member exchange (LMX) and performance: A meta‐analytic review. Personnel psychology, 69(1), 67-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12100
Matshoba-Ramuedzisi, T., De Jongh, D., & Fourie, W. (2022). Followership: A review of current and emerging research. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(4), 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2021-0473
Mirze, S. K. (2021). Liderlik ve teori uygulamaları. Beta Yayınları.
Oc, B., & Bashshur, M. R. (2013). Followership, leadership and social influence. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(6), 919-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.006
Ordun, G., & Aktaş, H. (2014). Lider-üye etkileşimi faktörlerinin liderler ve astlar tarafından karşılıklı algılanması: Bir perakende işletmesi çalışanları üzerinde araştırma. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 43(1), 120-135.
Riggio, R. E. (2014). Followership research: Looking back and looking forward. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(4), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.12806/V13/I4/C4
Rockstuhl, T., Dulebohn, J. H., Ang, S., & Shore, L. M. (2012). Leader–member exchange (LMX) and culture: A meta-analysis of correlates of LMX across 23 countries. Journal of applied psychology, 97(6), 1097-1130. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029978
Tepper, B. J., Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2001). Personality moderators of the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates' resistance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 974. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.974
Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.007
Winston, B. E., & Patterson, K. (2006). An integrative definition of leadership. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(2), 6-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.006
Yaşar, O. (2020). İş dünyasında liderlerin gözüyle takipçiler: tipoloji belirleme üzerine bir olgu bilim araştırması. Turkish Studies-Economy, 15(4), 2529-2546. https://dx.doi.org/10.47644/TurkishStudies.45585
Yedigöz, A., & Doğrul, B. Ş. (2023). Lider-üye etkileşiminin iş performansına etkisinde yenilikçi iş davranışının aracılık rolü: bir liman işletmesinde saha araştırması. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(25), 170-195. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1212865
Yıldırım A., & Şimşek H. (2021) Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (12.Baskı). Seçkin Yayınları.
Yurdigül, A. (2014). Eğitim Olgusunun Sinematografik Anlatıdaki Yeri Üzerine Bir Yaklaşım Denemesi (‘Bal’ filmi örneği). Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 18(60), 487- 502.
READING FOLLOWER TYPOLOGIES WITHIN THE SCOPE OF LEADER-MEMBER INTERACTION THEORY THROUGH A MOVIE: "DIE WELLE"
Leader-member interaction theory is an approach that emphasizes the importance of followers and focuses on the relationship between the leader and the follower, as opposed to approaches that focus on the leader. Within the framework of leader-member interaction theory, various models have been created to classify followers. In this study, follower behaviors were analyzed through the film according to the leader-member interaction theory. In the analysis of this film, the aim was both to evaluate the behavior of the characters in the context of follower typologies, and to present the relationship between the leader and the follower, linking them to the theories that focus on this relationship by including excerpts from scene sections. The presence of important scenes in the film that involve follower and leader behaviors was considered appropriate for the study. From the readings conducted, 16 scenes were identified that presented the behaviors of leaders and followers. It is predicted that the study will contribute to the literature by reading these scenes in the context of leader-follower interaction and associating them with typologies. In addition, it is believed that the Die Welle is an appropriate educational material in terms of presenting to the audience in a concrete way the behaviors of followers toward the leader and the behaviors shaped by the leader toward the followers. Content analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the study.
Biçer, M. (2021). Lider üye etkileşimi ve yenilikçi davranış ilişkisinde personel güçlendirmenin aracılık etkisi, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 330-342. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1137
Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J., & Morris, A. (2006). A freshlook at followership: a model for matching followership and leadership styles. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 7(3), 304. https://doi.org/10.21818/001c.16673
Blom, M., & Alvesson, M. (2015). Less followership, less leadership? An inquiry into the basic but seemingly forgotten downsides of leadership. Management, 18(3), 266-282. https://doi.org/10.3917/mana.183.0266
Crossman, B., & Crossman, J. (2011). Conceptualising followership: a review of the literature. Leadership, 7(4), 481-497. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715011416891
Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 618-634. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4306242
Essa, E. B., & Alattari, A. (2019). The relationship between followership styles and leadership styles. Research in Educational Administration & Leadership, 4(2), 407-449. https://doi.org/10.30828/real/2019.2.7
Favara Jr, L. F. (2009). Putting followership on the map: Examining followership styles and their relationship with job satisfaction and job performance. Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching 5(2), 68-77.
Fiedler, F. E., & Garcia, J. E. (2005). Leadership in a non-linear world. Leadership and Management in the 21st Century: Business Challenges of the Future, 185-203 https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263363.003.0007
Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-Analytic review of leader–member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(6), 827.https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.827
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based aproach to leadership: Development of leader member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a Multi-Level Multi-Domain Perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
Huczynski, A., & Buchanan, D. (2004). Theory from fiction: a narrative process perspective on the pedagogic use of feature films. Journal of Management Education, 28(6), 702-726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562903262163
Ilies, R., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F.P. (2007). Leader-member Exchange and citizenship behaviors: a meta analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 269-277. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-
Joseph, D. L., Newman, D. A., & Sin, H. P. (2011). Leader–Member Exchange (LMX) measurement: Evidence for consensus, construct breadth, and discriminant validity. In Building methodological bridges, 89-135. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-8387(2011)0000006012
Kellerman, B. (2008). How followers are creating change and changing leaders. Harvard Business School.
Kelley, R. E. (1988). In Praise of followers, 142-148. Harvard Business Review Case Services.
Kelley, R. E. (2008). Rethinking followership. The Art of Followership: How Great Followers Create Great Leaders And Organizations, 146, 5-15.
Liden, R. C., Sparrowe, R. T., & Wayne, S. J. (1997). Leader-member exchange theory: The past and potential for the future. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 15, 47-119.
Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(99)80053-1x
Martin, R., Thomas, G., Charles, K., Epitropaki, O., & McNamara, R. (2005). The role of leader‐member exchanges in mediating the relationship between locus of control and work reactions. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(1), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317904X23763
Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., & Epitropaki, O. (2016). Leader–member exchange (LMX) and performance: A meta‐analytic review. Personnel psychology, 69(1), 67-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12100
Matshoba-Ramuedzisi, T., De Jongh, D., & Fourie, W. (2022). Followership: A review of current and emerging research. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(4), 653-668. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-10-2021-0473
Mirze, S. K. (2021). Liderlik ve teori uygulamaları. Beta Yayınları.
Oc, B., & Bashshur, M. R. (2013). Followership, leadership and social influence. The Leadership Quarterly, 24(6), 919-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.006
Ordun, G., & Aktaş, H. (2014). Lider-üye etkileşimi faktörlerinin liderler ve astlar tarafından karşılıklı algılanması: Bir perakende işletmesi çalışanları üzerinde araştırma. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration, 43(1), 120-135.
Riggio, R. E. (2014). Followership research: Looking back and looking forward. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(4), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.12806/V13/I4/C4
Rockstuhl, T., Dulebohn, J. H., Ang, S., & Shore, L. M. (2012). Leader–member exchange (LMX) and culture: A meta-analysis of correlates of LMX across 23 countries. Journal of applied psychology, 97(6), 1097-1130. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029978
Tepper, B. J., Duffy, M. K., & Shaw, J. D. (2001). Personality moderators of the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates' resistance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 974. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.974
Uhl-Bien, M., Riggio, R. E., Lowe, K. B., & Carsten, M. K. (2014). Followership theory: A review and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(1), 83-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.11.007
Winston, B. E., & Patterson, K. (2006). An integrative definition of leadership. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(2), 6-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2013.10.006
Yaşar, O. (2020). İş dünyasında liderlerin gözüyle takipçiler: tipoloji belirleme üzerine bir olgu bilim araştırması. Turkish Studies-Economy, 15(4), 2529-2546. https://dx.doi.org/10.47644/TurkishStudies.45585
Yedigöz, A., & Doğrul, B. Ş. (2023). Lider-üye etkileşiminin iş performansına etkisinde yenilikçi iş davranışının aracılık rolü: bir liman işletmesinde saha araştırması. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(25), 170-195. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.1212865
Yıldırım A., & Şimşek H. (2021) Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (12.Baskı). Seçkin Yayınları.
Yurdigül, A. (2014). Eğitim Olgusunun Sinematografik Anlatıdaki Yeri Üzerine Bir Yaklaşım Denemesi (‘Bal’ filmi örneği). Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 18(60), 487- 502.
Uzboyalı Özer, H., & Uymaz, A. O. (2024). LİDER ÜYE ETKİLEŞİM TEORİSİ KAPSAMINDA TAKİPÇİ TİPOLOJİLERİNİ BİR SİNEMA FİLMİ ÜZERİNDEN OKUMAK: "DIE WELLE’’. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi, 3(1), 27-42.