SEBED

The main purpose of SEBED is to provide beneficial results for humanity by contributing to the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge. Accordingly, especially in the field of educational sciences, it aims to improve the educational processes at all levels of compulsory education, higher education and non-formal education, to enable researchers to publish scientific information obtained by their scientific studies free of charge, within the scope of open access policy and in accordance with the scientific method, and to enable all stakeholders of the educational process to follow educational scientific developments in their own language without paying any fee in order to support their development.

SEBED includes publications based on theoretical and applied academic studies on educational sciences, primary education, secondary education and higher education field education and special education, as well as current issues and problems in education, and original, qualitative, quantitative, mixed-methods research and review studies (meta-synthesis, systematic review, etc.) in different fields of Teacher Education. Studies that do not comply with this scope will not be included in the evaluation process. In addition, articles should describe original data that have not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Theoretical or applied studies in the following fields are evaluated for publication in the journal: Physical Education and Sports Education, Computer and Instructional Technology Education, Biology Education, Geography Education, Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge Education, Curriculum and Instruction, Sociology of Education, Educational Administration and Supervision, Measurement and Evaluation in Education, Philosophy Group Education, Science Education, Physics Education, Visual Arts Education, Chemistry Education, Mathematics Education, Vocational and Technical Education, Museum Education, Music Education, Good Practices for Teachers, Teacher Education, Preschool Education, Special Education, Psychological Counselling and Guidance, Art and Design Education, Classroom Education, Social Studies Education, History Education, Technology and Design Education, Turkish Language and Literature Education, Turkish Education, Distance Education, Foreign Languages Education, Creative Drama Education, Lifelong Learning.

The studies to be submitted to SEBED should be prepared on the"Article Templates" below:

Text
1. The text should be written in "Palatino Linotype" font in 10 points, first 0 pt, then 6 pt, single line spacing, in accordance with Turkish spelling rules.
2.Page dimensions: Top: 1.25, Left: 4, Bottom: 3, Left: 2,25, A4 size.
3. Paragraphs should not be used. There should be no space between paragraphs.
4. When emphasis is required in the text, it should be written in italics.

Article title
1. The title of the article should clearly state the subject of the research, the field and the boundaries of the problem.
2. The title should be bold, centered, only the first letters of the words other than conjunctions should be written in capitals and in 14 points (Palatino Linotype).

Abstract in Turkish/Abstract in English -Keywords in Turkish /Keywords in English
1. Each article should be preceded by an abstract in Turkish and English.
2. The abstract should include the purpose of the article, its key findings and most important results.
3. The abstract should be justified and should not exceed 200 words.
4. Abstract and keywords should be written in Palatino Linotype font, 8 points and single-spaced.
5. At least 3 and at most 5 keywords that will define the content of the article should be included in the relevant section.

Introduction
1. The introduction should be considered as the part where the problem of the article is defined and discussed.
2. Long explanations and definitions should be avoided in the introduction.
3. Emphasis should be placed on previous researches.

Method
1. In the Method section, there should be sub-titles of Research Design, Study Group, Data Collection Tool and Process, Data Analysis and Ethical Approval of the Research. Detailed information should be given in these sections.
2. The research design used in the article and why it was chosen should be briefly stated.
3. "Population-Sample" for quantitative research and "Participants or Study Group" for qualitative research can be preferred.
4. Information about the population, sampling technique and sample should be given in this sub-title.
5. Under the title of Data Collection Tool, the data collection tool or tools used should be specified. Psychometric information such as validity and reliability studies and statistical properties of the data collection tool must be specified.
6. Under the sub-title Analysis of Data, the data analysis techniques used and the reasons why these techniques were chosen should be stated.
7. Ethics Committee Permission is required for studies to be published since 2020 in line with the decisions taken by “Ulakbim TR Index” under the sub-title of Ethical Permission of the Research. Ethics committee approval must be obtained separately for studies conducted in all fields of science, including social and human sciences, and for clinical and experimental studies on humans and animals that require an ethics committee approval, and this approval should be stated in the article.

Findings
1. The findings obtained in the research should be included in the findings section.
2. Findings should be presented in parallel with the order of the research questions.
3. Only the findings related to the research questions should be included.
4. Tables or graphs related to the evidence supporting the results can be included.
5. Tables should be clear and understandable.
6. The data presented in the table or graph should not be repeated in the text.
7. Tables or graphs should be mentioned in the text and presented immediately after the relevant text.
8. The discussion should be included under the title "Conclusion, Discussion and Recommendations".

Conclusion, Discussion and Recommendations
1. Regarding the answers to the questions asked in the introduction part, reference should be made to the findings supporting/not supporting these answers in the literature.
2. Findings that do not support the answer to the research question should be explained.
3. Evidence showing the originality of the research should be included.
4. The consistency or difference of the findings with the findings of other studies should be explained.
5. Unexpected findings and results should be explained.
6. Limitations that will affect the validity and generalization of the findings should be included.
7. Inferences showing the importance of the research should be made.
7. Recommendations should be written according to the findings. Suggestions that are not based on findings should not be included.
9. Suggestions for theory and practice should be included as much as possible.

Titles and Sub-titles
1.All titles should be written in Palatino Linotype font, 12 point size.
2.Section titles should be written in capital letters, left aligned and in bold.
3.The first letters of the words in the section sub-titles should be written in capital letters, the others should be written in lower case, left aligned and in bold.
4. In third and fourth level titles, the first letter of the title should be written in capital letters, the others in lower case, left aligned, in bold and italic.

Table and Figure/Visual Representation
1. Tables and figures should be prepared in a ready-to-publish format and should be given where they are mentioned in the text.
2. Palatino Linotype, 10 point size, single line spacing should be used in the text used in the tables and table titles.
3. The first letter of each word in the table titles should be capitalized.
4. The texts in the table should be written in a single line spacing with 0 nk before and after, and without adding any spaces between paragraphs of the same style.
5. Vertical lines should not be used in tables.
6.The width of the table lines should be set at 1/2 nk.
7.6 nk space should be left before and after the table.
8. In the display of table titles and table numbers, the table number should be bold and left aligned, the table title should be italicised, the first letter of each word should be capitalised and left aligned. Example; Table 1. Information on Gender of Participants
9. In the display of figure and image titles, the figure/image number should be written in normal and centred, the figure/image title should be italicised, only the first letter of the first word should be capitalised and centred. Example; Figure 1. Türkiye provinces map

SEBED uses APA 7 in its bibliography writing. You can use the links https://libguides.wintec.ac.nz/APA/ current and https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples  to access the APA 7 (American Psychological Association) citation guidelines.
Examples of in-text and end-of-text bibliography are given below.

If the articles have a Doi number, it must be added.

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5 
Gwet, K. L. (2008). Computing inter-rater reliability and its variance in the presence of high agreement. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 61(1), 29-48. https://doi.org/10.1348/000711006X126600 
Gwet, K. L. (2016). Testing the difference of correlated agreement coefficients for statistical significance. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 76(4), 609-637. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0013164415596420 
Zoski, K., & Jurs, S. (1993). Using multiple regression to determine the number of factors to retain in factor analysis. Multiple Linear Regression Viewpoint, 20(1), 5–9.
Zoski, K., & Jurs, S. (1996). An objective counterpart to the visual scree test for factor analysis: The standard error scree. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56(3), 443–451. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164496056003006 

Conferences and Symposia

Çetin, S. & Yalçın, O. (2020, Eylül 16-19). Geniş ölçekli sınavların ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerinin görme engelli bireyler açısından incelenmesi [Sözlü bildiri]. Uluslararası Pegem Eğitim Kongresi, Türkiye.
Thissen, D., & Thissen-Roe, A. (2019, July 15-19). Factor score estimation from the perspective of item response theory [Paper presentation]. International Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Santiago de Chile.

Cetin, S. & Yalçın, O. (2020, September 16-19). Examination of the measurement and evaluation processes of large-scale exams in terms of visually impaired individuals [Oral presentation]. International Pegem Education Congress, Türkiye.
Thissen, D., & Thissen-Roe, A. (2019, July 15-19). Factor score estimation from the perspective of item response theory [Paper presentation]. International Meeting of the Psychometric Society, Santiago de Chile.

Books
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. & Demirel, F. (2019). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (26. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson.
Fraenkel, R. J., Wallen, E. N., & Hyun, H. H. (2011). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson.
Turgut, M. F. & Baykul, Y. (2012). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme (4. baskı). Pegem Akademi.

Book with Editor
Atılgan, H. (Ed.). (2017). Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme (10. baskı). Anı.
Thorndike, R. M., & Thorndike-Christ, T. (Eds.). (2014). Measurement and evaluation in pschology and education (8th ed.). Pearson.

Translated Book
DeVellis, R. F. (2014). Ölçek geliştirme kuram ve uygulamalar (Çev. T. Totan, 3. baskı). Nobel. (Orijinal çalışma 2012 yılında yayımlandı.)

Book Section with Editors
Başokçu, T. O. (2019). Ölçme sonuçlarının nitelikleri: Ölçme hatası, güvenirlik, geçerlik ve kullanışlılık. N. Doğan (Ed.), Eğitimde ölçme ve değerlendirme içinde (ss. 31-74). Pegem Akademi.
Messick, S. (1993). Trait equivalence as construct validity of score interpretation across multiple methods of measurement. In R. E. Bennett & W. C. Ward (Eds.), Construction versus choice in cognitive measurement: Issues in constructed-response, performance testing, and portfolio assessment (pp. 61-73). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Report
Dwyer, E. E. (1993). Attitude scale construction: A review of the literature (Report No. ED359201). ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED359201 
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2017a). Akademik becerilerin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi (ABİDE) 2016 8. sınıflar raporu. https://odsgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_11/30114819_iY-web-v6.pdf 
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2017b). İzleme değerlendirme raporu 2016. http://odsgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2017_06/23161120_2016_izleme_degYerlendirme_raporu.pdf 
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB). (2019). PISA 2018 Türkiye ön raporu (Rapor No. 10). http://www.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2019_12/03105347_PISA_2018_Turkiye_On_Raporu.pdf 

Unpublished Thesis
Bıkmaz, Ö. (2011). Üst düzey zihinsel özelliklerin ölçülmesinde puanlayıcılar arası güvenirlik belirleme tekniklerinin karşılaştırılması [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
Spence, P. D. (1996). The effect of multidimensionality on unidimensional equating with item response theory [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Florida.

Thesis Published and Accessed from a Database
Ayan, C. (2018). Bilişsel tanı modelinde geleneksel ve bilgisayarlı sınıflamalı test uygulamalarının psikometrik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması [Doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
He, Y. (2011). Evaluating equating properties for mixed-format tests [Doctoral dissertation, University of IOWA]. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/981/

Software
R Development Core Team. (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (version 3.5.2) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
SAS Instutite. (2015). Statistical analysis software (version 9.4) [Computer software]. SAS Institute.

General Features
- The publication languages of the journal are Turkish and English.
- Articles should not exceed 30 pages including all sections.
- Articles should include Turkish and English abstract, keywords (4-5 words at the end of each abstract), introduction, method, findings, conclusion and discussion, and references.
- The main article file should not contain any information about the authors.
- The names and surnames, positions and titles, institution names, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail addresses of all researchers mentioned in the article should be specified in the author information file (title page) to be uploaded separately. One of the researchers should be indicated as "corresponding author". It must be accepted by all researchers that this author can take decisions on behalf of other authors on issues related to the article when necessary.
- Care should be taken to ensure that the expressions in the article are clear and understandable. For articles written in Turkish, care should be taken to use the Turkish equivalents of the words.
- The equivalents of Turkish words to be used for the first time in the field in their original languages should be given in parentheses.
Uploading the article to the system
- The articles can be uploaded online by registering to the system on our journal's website.
- No fee is charged for the publication of the articles.

During submission, the following commitment is obtained from the author electronically:
1. I am authorised/authorised by the co-authors to submit this work to your journal.
2. The article is original, has not been officially published in another peer-reviewed journal, has not been reviewed by any other journal, and does not violate any existing copyright or other third-party rights.
3. I/we agree that if the article is accepted for editorial publication, it will be licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence.
4. Copyright and intellectual property rights of the author(s) or employer(s) of the author(s), if any, are reserved. The author(s) undertake(s) that the publisher is not responsible for any claims or lawsuits to be filed by third parties due to copyright infringement, and that all responsibility belongs to them.
5. The author(s) undertake(s) that there are no criminal or illegal statements in the article, and that no illegal materials and methods are used while conducting the research.

Publication Ethics Principles
SEBED publication processes are carried out on the basis of producing, developing and sharing information impartially with scientific method.
In the process of applying the scientific method and ensuring impartiality, the double-blind peer review process is important. All components of the publication process, publisher, editors, author(s) and reviewers must comply with ethical principles in the realisation of scientific production. In this context, all components of the publication process of SEBED must comply with ethical principles in line with the guidelines and policies of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Ethics committee approval is not requested from the author(s) for review articles. However, "Ethics Committee Approval" is requested for articles upon the change made in TR Index Journal Evaluation Criteria for 2020. All articles uploaded since 21.02.2020 are required to upload the Ethics Committee Approval/Permission Document.

If ethical violations such as plagiarism, manipulation and distortion of the data and the use of fabricated data are detected in the articles, the institution where the author(s) of the article works is officially notified of this situation and the article is rejected.

The journal has the right to request the output files of the analysis results from the author(s) according to the feedback given by the editors and/or reviewers.

The similarity rate can be maximum 15%, excluding references. If it is determined by the journal that the articles, which are also subjected to Ithenticate similarity scanning, have a higher similarity rate, they are rejected.

Peer-reviewed studies support and realise the scientific method. At this point, it is of great importance that all parties involved in the publication process (authors, readers and researchers, publisher, reviewers and editors) comply with ethical principles. SEBED adheres to national and international standards on research and publication ethics. It complies with the Press Law, the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works and the Directive on Scientific Research and Publication Ethics of Higher Education Institutions. SEBED has adopted the International Ethical Publishing Principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and World Association of Medical Editors (WAME). It also undertakes to comply with the decisions of the Türkiye Editors' Workshop.
• Press Law (National Legislation)
• Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works (National Legislation)
• Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive (National Legislation)
• Transparency and Best Practice in Academic Publishing (International Criteria)
• Türkiye Editors' Workshop Decisions (National Criteria)

Republishing
Republishing is the publication of the same article or substantially similar articles in more than one journal. The editor returns this type of article without reviewing it.

Simultaneous submission of the same study to more than one journal
Authors cannot submit the same article to more than one journal at the same time. If the editor learns of possible simultaneous submission, he/she rejects the article.
Plagiarism Prevention Control
Plagiarism is to present the ideas, methods, data, applications, writings, figures or works of others as one's own work in whole or in part without citing the authors in accordance with scientific rules.
SEBED scans all submitted articles to prevent plagiarism. The studies submitted for review are checked for plagiarism using Ithenticate software. The similarity rate is expected to be less than 15%. Citation to a single study should not exceed 1%.
Plagiarism, duplication, false authorship/denied authorship, research/data fabrication, article slicing, publication by slicing, copyright infringement and concealment of conflict of interest are considered unethical behaviours. All articles that do not comply with accepted ethical standards are removed from the publication.

Protection of Participants' Personal Data
SEBED requires that all research involving personal or sensitive data or materials relating to human participants that are not legally publicly available be subject to formal ethical review.
Addressing Allegations of Research Misconduct
SEBED adheres to COPE's Ethical Toolkit for a Successful Editorial. SEBED editors will take measures to prevent the publication of articles in which plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, data fabrication, and other research misconduct have occurred. If SEBED editors become aware of any allegations of research misconduct related to an article published in their journal, they will follow COPE's guidelines for dealing with allegations.

Ethical Violation Notifications
Readers may notify SEBED by sending an e-mail to index.sebed@selcuk.edu.tr if they notice a significant error or mistake in an article published in SEBED or if they have any complaints about the editorial content (plagiarism, duplicate articles, etc.).

Correction, Retraction, Statement of Concern
Editors may retract the article in case of major errors / violations that invalidate the findings and conclusions, and may consider making corrections in case of minor mistakes Editors issue a statement of concern if there is a possibility of research or publication misconduct by the authors, if there is evidence that the findings are unreliable and that the authors' institutions have not investigated the incident or if the possible investigation seems unfair or inconclusive. COPE and ICJME guidelines are taken into account with regard to correction, retraction or statement of concern.

Publication of Studies Based on Survey and Interview
SEBED adopts the principles of “Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors” and “Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers” of the Committee of Publication Ethics (COPE) in order provide ethical assurance in scientific periodical publishing. In this context, the following points should be followed in the studies submitted to the journal:
1) Ethics committee approval must be obtained for research conducted in all disciplines that require ethics committee approval, this approval should be stated in the article and uploaded to the journal system as a separate file.
2) In studies that require ethics committee approval, information about the approval (name of the committee, date and number) should be included in the method section, and in case reports, information on signing the informed consent/consent form should be included in the method section.

Article Publication Policy
Articles submitted to SEBED are first subjected to a preliminary editorial review. Then, they are examined for compliance with the journal's writing rules and similarity scanning is performed to prevent plagiarism. After these stages, it is taken into the double-blind review process.

Editorial Confidentiality Obligation
The editors of SEBED treat all submitted articles as confidential documents, which means that they will not disclose information about an article to anyone without the permission of the authors. During the article review process, Editors, Reviewers, Editorial Board Members can access the articles. The only situation in which details about an article may be passed on to a third party without the consent of the authors is if the editor suspects serious research misconduct.

Responsibilities of the SEBED Editorial Board
• SEBED Editorial Board is responsible for all processes, from the application process to the publication process, for each article submitted to SEBED. This responsibility requires the application of the scientific method in the decisions made on issues related to the journal. The relationship between the publisher and the Editorial Board is based on the principle of independence. All decisions taken by the editors are independent of the publisher and other individuals and organizations.
• SEBED Editorial Board strives to continuously improve the journal and increase its publication quality.
• SEBED Editorial Board ensures the determination and implementation of journal policies such as publication, blind review, evaluation process, and ethical principles.
• SEBED Editorial Board prepares an “Author's Guide” containing the information requirements of the author(s) and updates it when necessary.
• SEBED Editorial Board keeps the records of each article and correspondence related to the journal electronically.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors and Field Editors
• Editors strive to meet the information needs of reviewers, authors, researchers, practitioners and readers, to provide feedback when necessary, and to act in accordance with the principles of clarity in matters that require correction and/or clarification during the publication process.
• Editors fulfill their duties without discriminating on the gender, religious or political beliefs, ethnic or geographical origins of the author(s) and act in a balanced, objective and fair manner.
• When deciding on the publication of articles, the editors pay attention to the originality of the articles and their contribution to the scientific literature, readers, researchers and practitioners.
• Editors consider the original value of the articles, their contribution to the field, the validity and reliability of the research method, the clarity of the narration, and the purpose and scope of the journal when making positive or negative decisions about the articles.
• Editors apply the policies of blind reviewing and evaluation process, which are among the publication policies of the journal, keep the identity information of the reviewers confidential and ensure that each article is reviewed impartially and within the deadline.
• Editors send articles to field editors, taking into account their areas of expertise, and support impartial and independent evaluations.
• Field editors send the articles to the reviewers, taking into account their areas of expertise, and support impartial and independent evaluations. Field editors appoint at least two reviewers for each article, taking care to ensure that they are from different institutions. If at most one of these reviewers rejects the article, the third reviewer is appointed.
• Editors consider whether there is a conflict of interest between the field editors, reviewers and the author(s) for the unbiased evaluation of the article.
• Editors seek to ensure that the reviewer pool consists of a wide range of reviewers and is constantly updated.
• Editors prevent unscientific evaluations that do not comply with academic etiquette.
• Editors support the author(s) freedom of expression.
• Editors communicate effectively with the members involved in the publication process and organize meetings at regular intervals.
• Editors ensure the protection of personal data in the evaluated articles and protect the individual data of authors, reviewers and readers.
• Editors pay attention to the protection of human and animal rights in articles, attach importance to documenting the explicit consent of the participants of the article, reject the article when there is no ethics committee approval for the participants of empirical articles that require an ethics committee decision.
• Editors take precautions against misconduct. When there are complaints about misconduct, they make an objective investigation and share the relevant findings.
• Editors ensure that errors, inconsistencies or misdirections in articles are corrected.
• Editors protect the intellectual property rights of the published articles and defend the rights of the journal and the author(s) in case of violation. In addition, they take the necessary measures to ensure that the content of the published articles does not violate the intellectual property rights of other publications and they perform the originality-similarity check.
• Editors take into account the consistent criticisms of the articles published in the journal, and allow the author(s) of the criticised articles to respond.
• Editors publish submission and acceptance dates of the articles.
• Editors also consider studies with negative results.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers
During the article evaluation process, SEBED applies the principle of double-blind reviewering, in which the author(s) do not know the reviewers and the reviewers do not know the author(s). The reviewers cannot communicate directly with the author(s). Article evaluation forms, notes on the text and correction requests are forwarded to the author(s) by the editors through the journal management system. The reviewers who will evaluate the articles submitted to SEBED should bear the following ethical responsibilities:
• Reviewers should only accept to evaluate articles related to their field of expertise.
• Reviewers should conduct the evaluation with impartiality and confidentiality. Pursuant to this principle, they should evaluate the articles they review in accordance with scientific and ethical rules and avoid giving any information that may reveal their identity.
• When the reviewers understand that there is a conflict of interest, they should refuse to evaluate the article and inform the editors.
• Reviewers should evaluate the article in a constructive manner in accordance with the rules of academic etiquette and avoid personal comments containing insults and hostility.
• Reviewers should evaluate the article that they accept for evaluation within the deadline.

Ethical Responsibilities of the Author(s)
Ethical responsibilities of the author(s) submitting an article to SEBED:
• Author(s) should not submit an article published elsewhere or submit for publication or more than one article at the same time to SEBED and should notify that they accept these rules by filling out the Copyright Notice Text of the journal.
• Author(s) must submit an original article to SEBED.
• If the article is based on the author's graduate thesis or from a project, the author(s) should indicate this in the relevant place on the first page of the article.
• If part or all of the article has been presented in any scientific symposium/congress, the author(s) should state this in the relevant place on the first page of the article.
• Author(s) must accurately cite the sources used during the writing of the article in accordance with ethical principles.
• Author(s) should determine the similarity rate in their articles and submit it to the journal if it does not exceed the 15% limit.
• The names of people who did not contribute to the article should not be written as authors. It should not be suggested to change the order of authors, remove authors or add authors of an article submitted for publication. The contribution rate of the co-authors in the articles should be declared at the end of the article.
• Persons with any conflict of interest/unity of interest related to the article submitted for publication should be reported to the editors, and this information should be included at the end of the article.
• Author(s) should declare support and acknowledgment, if any, at the end of the article.
• Author(s) should provide the editors with the expected information if they are asked for information or raw data about their articles during the evaluation process.
• Author(s) are obliged to keep the data of their published articles for 5 years.
• Author(s) should contact the editor to inform, correct or retract when they notice an error in their article under review or published electronically.
• Author(s) should indicate that they have received ethics committee approval for empirical studies requiring ethics committee approval. The name of the ethics committee, the date and number of the decision should be indicated in the relevant place on the first page of the article and in the method section, and the document showing the ethics committee decision should be uploaded to the system with the application of the article. In addition, information about obtaining informed consent/consent form in case reports should be included in the method section of the article.
• Author(s) should provide evidence that they pay attention to ethical principles in the data collection process (such as obtaining their permission to use other people's documents such as scales, questionnaires, photographs). It should be stated in the articles that research and publication ethics and copyright regulations for intellectual and artistic works are complied with. If the research was carried out on human and animal subjects, it should be stated that the research was carried out in accordance with ethical principles.
• Ethics committee approval is not requested from the author(s) for review articles. However, in articles that do not require an ethics committee decision, it should be stated on the first/last page of the article and in the method section that an ethics committee decision is not required.

Complaint Procedure
This procedure applies to complaints about content, procedures or policies that are the responsibility of SEBED or our editorial staff.
The complaint must be about the content that is the responsibility of SEBED or our editorial staff.
Complaints should be emailed directly to index.sebed@selcuk.edu.tr and will be treated confidentially. The editor responds to complaints immediately. The editor follows the COPE procedure regarding complaints.

Appeal Process
If you have serious objections to the evaluations made by the editors and reviewers, please send an objection message to our editorial staff at index.sebed@selcuk.edu.tr

Conflicts of Interest

Authors
According to SEBED general publication principles, only those who have actually contributed to the relevant study should be considered as authors. The authors are responsible for reporting all personal and financial relationships that may be a party to their study. Financial relationships such as work, consultancy, shareholding, remuneration, payment for expert testimony, etc. are easily identifiable conflicts of interest and are highly likely to undermine the reputation of the journal. To clarify the issue of conflict of interest, authors should clearly indicate any conflict of interest in a letter to the editor with their submitted article.

Reviewers
In case of any conflict of interest, the reviewers are responsible for the rejection of the peer review process. Reviewers should consult with the editor regarding the review process if they have any doubts about the conflict of interest. In order to avoid conflict of interest, persons working in the same institutions as the authors of the article are not selected as reviewers.

Editors
Editors are responsible for managing the peer-review process of the articles and have the right to reject the relevant article in case of any conflict of interest. Editors should not be in any personal and/or financial conflict of interest with the articles they are assigned. If the editors are on the author list of a submitted article, they are excluded from the evaluation process of that article.

Principles of Research Ethics
SEBED follows the highest standards in research ethics and adopts the international principles of research ethics defined below. It is the responsibility of the authors to ensure that the articles comply with ethical rules.
• Principles of integrity, quality and transparency should be ensured in designing the research, reviewing the design and conducting the research.
• The research team and participants should be fully informed about the purpose of the research, its methods and possible uses, the requirements and risks, if any, of participating in the research.
• Confidentiality of information provided by research participants and confidentiality of respondents should be ensured. Research should be designed in a way that preserves the autonomy and dignity of the participants.
• Research participants should take part in the research voluntarily and should not be under any coercion.
• Harm to the participants should be avoided. The research should be planned in a way that does not put the participants at risk.
• It is necessary to be clear and explicit about research independence. If there is a conflict of interest, it must be stated.
• In experimental studies with human subjects, the written informed consent must be obtained from participants who decide to participate in the research. The consent of the legal guardian of children and persons under guardianship or with a confirmed mental illness must be obtained.
• If the study will be carried out in any institution or organization, approval must be obtained from that institution or organization.
• In studies with a human element, it should be stated in the “method” section that “informed consent” was obtained from the participants and ethics committee approval was obtained from the institution where the study was conducted.

No fee is charged to the author or his/her organization under any name. SEBED does not accept sponsorship and advertisement in accordance with its publication policies. All expenses of SEBED are assumed by Selçuk University Institute of Educational Sciences.