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Yaşlı Bireylerde E-Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Kullanım Engelleri ve Çözüm Stratejileri: AHP-MARCOS Uygulaması

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 37 - 48, 13.08.2025

Abstract

Dijital teknolojilerin sağlık alanında yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte e-sağlık hizmetleri, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimi kolaylaştıran önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Ancak, yaşlı bireyler çeşitli engeller nedeniyle bu hizmetlerden yeterince faydalanamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada da ülkemiz özelinde yaşlı bireylerin e-sağlık hizmetleri kullanımını kısıtlayan engelleri önceliklendirmek ve bu engelleri aşmaya yönelik önerilen stratejileri değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. AHP yöntemi ile yaşlı bireylerin e-sağlık hizmetleri kullanımında karşılaştıkları engeller önem derecelerine sıralanmış; MARCOS yöntemi ile ise engelleri aşmaya yönelik geliştirilen stratejiler önceliklendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmede on uzman hekimin görüşleri alınmıştır. Sonuçta; en önemli engel “bilişsel yetenek eksikliği” olarak tespit edilmiş olup, önceliklendirilen stratejiler arasından ilk sırada yer alan strateji ise “yaşlı bireyler için geliştirilen e-sağlık uygulamaları, yalnızlık hissini azaltmaya yönelik olarak müzik, sohbet odaları veya sanal topluluklar gibi sosyal etkileşim imkânlarıyla revize edilebilir” olmuştur. Ortaya konulan tüm stratejiler sırasıyla metin içerisinde tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Akyazı, A. (2018). Dijitalleşen Ticaret: Yaşli Dostu E-Ticaret Siteleri Üzerine Bir Araştirma. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8(4), 602-614.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychologial Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Berkowsky, R. W., Cotton, S. R., Yost, E. A., & Winstead, V. P. (2013). Attitudes towards and limitations to ICT use in assisted and independent living communities: Findings from a specially-designed technological intervention. Educational gerontology, 39(11), 797-811.
  • Berkowsky, R. W., Sharit, J., & Czaja, S. J. (2017). Factors predicting decisions about technology adoption among older adults. Innovation in aging, 1(3), igy002.
  • Charness, N., & Boot, W. R. (2016). Technology, gaming, and social networking. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 389-407.
  • Czaja, S. J., Kallestrup, P., & Harvey, P. D. (2020). Evaluation of a novel technology-based program designed to assess and train everyday skills in older adults. Innovation in Aging, 4(6), igaa052.
  • Çiftçioğlu, B. (2013). İnşaat Sektöründe AHP Yöntemi İle Alt Yüklenici Seçimi: Bir Konut Projesinde Uygulama, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Dobransky, K., & Hargittai, E. (2006). The disability divide in internet access and use. Information, Communication & Society, 9(3), 313-334.
  • Durdudiler, M. (2006). Perakende Sektöründe Tedarikçi Performans Değerlendirilmesinde AHP ve Bulanık AHP Uygulanması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul .
  • Ecer, F. ve Küçük, O. (2008). Tedarikçi seçiminde analitik hiyerarşi yöntemi ve bir uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1): 359.
  • Egilmez, O., & Koca, G. (2021). Drivers, Challenges, and Integration of Health 4.0 Societal Engagement: Evidence from Turkey. Istanbul Business Research, 50(1), 127-148.
  • Fisk, A. D., Czaja, S. J., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N., & Sharit, J. (2020). Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors approaches. CRC press.
  • Heart, T., & Kalderon, E. (2013). Older adults: Are they ready to adopt health-related ICT? International Journal of Medical Informatics, 82(11), e209–e231.
  • Kannus, P., Sievänen, H., Palvanen, M., Järvinen, T., & Parkkari, J. (2005). Prevention of falls and consequent injuries in elderly people. The Lancet, 366(9500), 1885-1893.
  • Kaya, E., & Eke, E. (2023). Bireylerin mobil sağlik uygulamasi kullanim durumu ve e-sağlik okuryazarliği ilişkisi. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 11(1), 1-15.
  • Kelley, E., Klazinga, N., Forde, I., Veillard, J., Leatherman, S., Syed, S., Kim, S.M., Nejad, S.B., Donaldson, S.L. (2018). Delivering Quality Health Services: A Global Imperative. OECD Publishing.
  • Köse, N., & Erkan, N. (2021). A Quality of Life Investigation of the Population Over 65 Years Old Concerning Turkish Provinces with Different Agglomeration Levels of Elderly Population. Megaron, 16(1).
  • Krishnamoorthy, S., Dua, A., & Gupta, S. (2023). Role of emerging technologies in future IoT-driven Healthcare 4.0 technologies: A survey, current challenges and future directions. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 14(1), 361-407.
  • Kuruüzüm A., Atsan N. (2001). Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi ve İşletmecilik Alanındaki Uygulamaları, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, Cilt:1, s.83-105.
  • Leist, A. K. (2013). Social media use of older adults: A mini-review. Gerontology, 59(4), 378-384.
  • Lind, L., & Karlsson, D. (2014). Telehealth for “the digital illiterate”–elderly heart failure patients experiences. In e-Health–For Continuity of Care (pp. 353-357). IOS Press.
  • Mitzner, T. L., Boron, J. B., Fausset, C. B., Adams, A. E., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., ... & Sharit, J. (2010). Older adults talk technology: Technology usage and attitudes. Computers in human behavior, 26(6), 1710-1721.
  • Mollenkopf, H. (Ed.). (2005). Enhancing mobility in later life: personal coping, environmental resources and technical support; the out-of-home mobility of older adults in urban and rural regions of five European countries (Vol. 17). Ios Press.
  • Mumtaz, A. (2022). Prioritizing and Overcoming Barriers to e‐Health Use among Elderly People: Implementation of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022(1), 7852806.
  • Nadeem, A., Mehmood, A., & Rizwan, K. (2019). A dataset build using wearable inertial measurement and ECG sensors for activity recognition, fall detection and basic heart anomaly detection system. Data in brief, 27, 104717.
  • Olson, K. E., O’Brien, M. A., Rogers, W. A., & Charness, N. (2021). Diffusion of technology: Frequency of use for younger and older adults. Innovation in Aging, 5(4), 1-12.
  • Or, C. K., & Karsh, B. T. (2009). A systematic review of patient acceptance of consumer health information technology. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 16(4), 550-560.
  • Özer, Ö., Şantaş, F., & Budak, F. (2012). Sağlık Web Sitelerinin Kullanım Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Örnek Bir Uygulama. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 1(4).
  • Özkan, Y., & Purutçuoğlu, E. (2010). Yaşlılıkta teknolojik yeniliklerin kabulünü etkileyen sosyalizasyon süreci. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(23), 37-46.
  • Peek, S. T. M., Wouters, E. J. M., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., & Vrijhoef, H. J. M. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 83(4), 235–248.
  • Roy, S., Roy, U., Sinha, D., & Pal, R. K. (2023). Imbalanced ensemble learning in determining Parkinson’s disease using Keystroke dynamics. Expert Systems with Applications, 217, 119522.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1990). How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process, European Journal of Operational Research, 48, p.9-26
  • Shehab, M., Abualigah, L., Shambour, Q., Abu-Hashem, M. A., Shambour, M. K. Y., Alsalibi, A. I., & Gandomi, A. H. (2022). Machine learning in medical applications: A review of state-of-the-art methods. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 145, 105458.
  • Smith, K.H. & Nolan, M.E. (2014). Aging and health literacy. Journal of Consumer Health On the Internet, 18(1), 94-100.
  • Smith, A. B., Jones, K. M., & Taylor, R. (2020). E-health solutions for aging populations: Challenges and innovations. Journal of Digital Health, 7(1), 45-60.
  • Stević, Ž., & Brković, N. (2020). A Novel Integrated FUCOM-MARCOS Model for Evaluation of Human Resources in a Transport Company. Logistics, 4(1), 1-14.
  • Susic, J. (2009). NIH senior health classes for senior citizens at a public library in Louisiana. Journal of Consumer Health on Internet, 13, 417-419.
  • Tavares, J., & Oliveira, T. (2016). Electronic health record patient portal adoption by health care consumers: an acceptance model and survey. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3), e5069.
  • Thuemmler, C., & Bai, C. (Eds.). (2017). Health 4.0: How virtualization and big data are revolutionizing healthcare (pp. 23-37). New York: Springer.
  • Toygar, Ş. A. (2018). E-sağlık uygulamaları. Yasama Dergisi, (37), 101-123.
  • Uysal, M. T. (2020). Yaşlı bireylerin sosyalleşmesinde dijital teknolojinin rolü: dijital yaşlılar üzerine bir çalışma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (50), 43-59. Uysal, B., & Ulusinan, E. (2020). Güncel Dijital Sağlik Uygulamalarinin İncelenmesi. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 1(1), 46-60.
  • Ülke, R., & Atilla, E. A. (2020). Sağlık hizmetlerinde bilişim sistemleri ve e-sağlık: Ankara ili örneği. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 6(1), 86-100.
  • Xie, B. (2011). Effects of an eHealth literacy intervention for older adults. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e90.
  • Van Dijk, J., & Hacker, K. (2003). The digital divide as a complex and dynamic phenomenon. The information society, 19(4), 315-326.

BARRIERS OF E-HEALTH SERVICES AND SOLUTION STRATEGIES FOR ELDERLY USE: AHP-MARCOS APPLICATION

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 37 - 48, 13.08.2025

Abstract

With the widespread use of digital technologies in the health sector, e-health services have become an important tool that facilitates access to health services. However, elderly individuals cannot benefit from these services sufficiently due to various barriers. In this study, it was aimed to prioritize the barriers that restrict the use of e-health services by elderly individuals in our country and to evaluate the strategies suggested to overcome these barriers. The barriers encountered by elderly individuals in the use of e-health services were ranked according to their importance with the AHP method; and the strategies developed to overcome the barriers were prioritized with the MARCOS method. The opinions of ten specialist physicians were taken in the evaluation. As a result; the most important barrier was determined as “Lack of Cognitive Ability” and the strategy that ranked first among the prioritized strategies was “E-health applications developed for elderly individuals can be revised with social interaction opportunities such as music, chat rooms or virtual communities to reduce the feeling of loneliness”. Furthermore, all strategies put forward are discussed in the text, respectively.

References

  • Akyazı, A. (2018). Dijitalleşen Ticaret: Yaşli Dostu E-Ticaret Siteleri Üzerine Bir Araştirma. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 8(4), 602-614.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychologial Review, 84(2), 191-215.
  • Berkowsky, R. W., Cotton, S. R., Yost, E. A., & Winstead, V. P. (2013). Attitudes towards and limitations to ICT use in assisted and independent living communities: Findings from a specially-designed technological intervention. Educational gerontology, 39(11), 797-811.
  • Berkowsky, R. W., Sharit, J., & Czaja, S. J. (2017). Factors predicting decisions about technology adoption among older adults. Innovation in aging, 1(3), igy002.
  • Charness, N., & Boot, W. R. (2016). Technology, gaming, and social networking. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging, 389-407.
  • Czaja, S. J., Kallestrup, P., & Harvey, P. D. (2020). Evaluation of a novel technology-based program designed to assess and train everyday skills in older adults. Innovation in Aging, 4(6), igaa052.
  • Çiftçioğlu, B. (2013). İnşaat Sektöründe AHP Yöntemi İle Alt Yüklenici Seçimi: Bir Konut Projesinde Uygulama, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  • Dobransky, K., & Hargittai, E. (2006). The disability divide in internet access and use. Information, Communication & Society, 9(3), 313-334.
  • Durdudiler, M. (2006). Perakende Sektöründe Tedarikçi Performans Değerlendirilmesinde AHP ve Bulanık AHP Uygulanması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul .
  • Ecer, F. ve Küçük, O. (2008). Tedarikçi seçiminde analitik hiyerarşi yöntemi ve bir uygulama. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1): 359.
  • Egilmez, O., & Koca, G. (2021). Drivers, Challenges, and Integration of Health 4.0 Societal Engagement: Evidence from Turkey. Istanbul Business Research, 50(1), 127-148.
  • Fisk, A. D., Czaja, S. J., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N., & Sharit, J. (2020). Designing for older adults: Principles and creative human factors approaches. CRC press.
  • Heart, T., & Kalderon, E. (2013). Older adults: Are they ready to adopt health-related ICT? International Journal of Medical Informatics, 82(11), e209–e231.
  • Kannus, P., Sievänen, H., Palvanen, M., Järvinen, T., & Parkkari, J. (2005). Prevention of falls and consequent injuries in elderly people. The Lancet, 366(9500), 1885-1893.
  • Kaya, E., & Eke, E. (2023). Bireylerin mobil sağlik uygulamasi kullanim durumu ve e-sağlik okuryazarliği ilişkisi. İşletme Bilimi Dergisi, 11(1), 1-15.
  • Kelley, E., Klazinga, N., Forde, I., Veillard, J., Leatherman, S., Syed, S., Kim, S.M., Nejad, S.B., Donaldson, S.L. (2018). Delivering Quality Health Services: A Global Imperative. OECD Publishing.
  • Köse, N., & Erkan, N. (2021). A Quality of Life Investigation of the Population Over 65 Years Old Concerning Turkish Provinces with Different Agglomeration Levels of Elderly Population. Megaron, 16(1).
  • Krishnamoorthy, S., Dua, A., & Gupta, S. (2023). Role of emerging technologies in future IoT-driven Healthcare 4.0 technologies: A survey, current challenges and future directions. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 14(1), 361-407.
  • Kuruüzüm A., Atsan N. (2001). Analitik Hiyerarşi Yöntemi ve İşletmecilik Alanındaki Uygulamaları, Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, Cilt:1, s.83-105.
  • Leist, A. K. (2013). Social media use of older adults: A mini-review. Gerontology, 59(4), 378-384.
  • Lind, L., & Karlsson, D. (2014). Telehealth for “the digital illiterate”–elderly heart failure patients experiences. In e-Health–For Continuity of Care (pp. 353-357). IOS Press.
  • Mitzner, T. L., Boron, J. B., Fausset, C. B., Adams, A. E., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., ... & Sharit, J. (2010). Older adults talk technology: Technology usage and attitudes. Computers in human behavior, 26(6), 1710-1721.
  • Mollenkopf, H. (Ed.). (2005). Enhancing mobility in later life: personal coping, environmental resources and technical support; the out-of-home mobility of older adults in urban and rural regions of five European countries (Vol. 17). Ios Press.
  • Mumtaz, A. (2022). Prioritizing and Overcoming Barriers to e‐Health Use among Elderly People: Implementation of the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022(1), 7852806.
  • Nadeem, A., Mehmood, A., & Rizwan, K. (2019). A dataset build using wearable inertial measurement and ECG sensors for activity recognition, fall detection and basic heart anomaly detection system. Data in brief, 27, 104717.
  • Olson, K. E., O’Brien, M. A., Rogers, W. A., & Charness, N. (2021). Diffusion of technology: Frequency of use for younger and older adults. Innovation in Aging, 5(4), 1-12.
  • Or, C. K., & Karsh, B. T. (2009). A systematic review of patient acceptance of consumer health information technology. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 16(4), 550-560.
  • Özer, Ö., Şantaş, F., & Budak, F. (2012). Sağlık Web Sitelerinin Kullanım Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Örnek Bir Uygulama. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 1(4).
  • Özkan, Y., & Purutçuoğlu, E. (2010). Yaşlılıkta teknolojik yeniliklerin kabulünü etkileyen sosyalizasyon süreci. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(23), 37-46.
  • Peek, S. T. M., Wouters, E. J. M., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., & Vrijhoef, H. J. M. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 83(4), 235–248.
  • Roy, S., Roy, U., Sinha, D., & Pal, R. K. (2023). Imbalanced ensemble learning in determining Parkinson’s disease using Keystroke dynamics. Expert Systems with Applications, 217, 119522.
  • Saaty, T.L. (1990). How to make a decision: the analytic hierarchy process, European Journal of Operational Research, 48, p.9-26
  • Shehab, M., Abualigah, L., Shambour, Q., Abu-Hashem, M. A., Shambour, M. K. Y., Alsalibi, A. I., & Gandomi, A. H. (2022). Machine learning in medical applications: A review of state-of-the-art methods. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 145, 105458.
  • Smith, K.H. & Nolan, M.E. (2014). Aging and health literacy. Journal of Consumer Health On the Internet, 18(1), 94-100.
  • Smith, A. B., Jones, K. M., & Taylor, R. (2020). E-health solutions for aging populations: Challenges and innovations. Journal of Digital Health, 7(1), 45-60.
  • Stević, Ž., & Brković, N. (2020). A Novel Integrated FUCOM-MARCOS Model for Evaluation of Human Resources in a Transport Company. Logistics, 4(1), 1-14.
  • Susic, J. (2009). NIH senior health classes for senior citizens at a public library in Louisiana. Journal of Consumer Health on Internet, 13, 417-419.
  • Tavares, J., & Oliveira, T. (2016). Electronic health record patient portal adoption by health care consumers: an acceptance model and survey. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3), e5069.
  • Thuemmler, C., & Bai, C. (Eds.). (2017). Health 4.0: How virtualization and big data are revolutionizing healthcare (pp. 23-37). New York: Springer.
  • Toygar, Ş. A. (2018). E-sağlık uygulamaları. Yasama Dergisi, (37), 101-123.
  • Uysal, M. T. (2020). Yaşlı bireylerin sosyalleşmesinde dijital teknolojinin rolü: dijital yaşlılar üzerine bir çalışma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (50), 43-59. Uysal, B., & Ulusinan, E. (2020). Güncel Dijital Sağlik Uygulamalarinin İncelenmesi. Selçuk Sağlık Dergisi, 1(1), 46-60.
  • Ülke, R., & Atilla, E. A. (2020). Sağlık hizmetlerinde bilişim sistemleri ve e-sağlık: Ankara ili örneği. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 6(1), 86-100.
  • Xie, B. (2011). Effects of an eHealth literacy intervention for older adults. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(4), e90.
  • Van Dijk, J., & Hacker, K. (2003). The digital divide as a complex and dynamic phenomenon. The information society, 19(4), 315-326.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology, Quantitative Methods in Sociology, Sociology of Aging
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gözde Koca 0000-0001-6847-6812

Özüm Eğilmez 0000-0001-5251-5629

Cennet Bulut 0009-0003-5583-431X

Submission Date March 7, 2025
Acceptance Date April 25, 2025
Publication Date August 13, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koca, G., Eğilmez, Ö., & Bulut, C. (2025). Yaşlı Bireylerde E-Sağlık Hizmetlerinin Kullanım Engelleri ve Çözüm Stratejileri: AHP-MARCOS Uygulaması. Senex: Yaşlılık Çalışmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 37-48.