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Migration Governance, Competence, Subsidiarity and Proportionality Principle in Frame of European Union Law

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 95 - 107, 01.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2147-7035.2017.5.3.07

Abstract

Recently, the European Union has been tackling with the issue of competence amongst its institutions, bodies and agencies in migration, refugee and asylum matters. The aim of this study is to clarify in details the competence in the EU, the Europeanisation of migration governance, subsidiarity and proportionality principles in frame of EU law. The objective of this study is to illustrate how the distribution of competence determined within the framework of EU law and the transfer of competence and/or shared competence – if necessary – to EU institutions, bodies and agencies that are supposed to be authorised through horizontal and vertical relations. Likewise, the investigation highlights that competence has a significant effect on migration governance. In this context, the principle of conferral, implied powers and open-ended powers theories, exclusive competence and shared competence were examined in terms of EU law. Competence is directly related to the subsidiarity and proportionality principles that are the basic principles of EU law. Furthermore, the solidarity and collaboration of the EU with international institutions e.g. organisations under the roof of the United Nations – United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, International Organisation for Migration, and so on may ensure the EU to be a stronger and more effective actor in multiple levels. The interactions of the EU with public sector, private sector, civil society organisations’ actors and representatives, nongovernmental organisations, universities and research institutions, and associations constitute the information and communication network in migration governance. Hence, it is a vital point for EU to coordinate the information and communication network and acquire a functional structure in migration governance. Similarly, it is quite crucial that these actors, institutions and agencies are structured and trained in accordance with the EU norms, standards, principles and values. In this study, constructivism and normative approaches have been applied in terms of research methodology

References

  • Aliu, A. (2015). “Book Review: Özsunay, Ergun. European Union Law and Turkey–EU Relations. (1st ed.) Vedat Press, Istanbul, Turkey, 2015, 480 pp., Price: 45,00 TL, ISBN: 9786054823581.”
  • Arancibia, J. (2011). Judicial Review of Commercial Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği (2011). Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması ve Avrupa Birliği’nin İşleyişi Hakkında Antlaşma. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık, Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği Yayınları.
  • Azoulai, L. (Ed.) (2014). The Question of Competence in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Barak, A. (2012). Proportionality: Constitutional Rights and Their Limitations. (Translated by Doron Kalir) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Betts, A. (2010). “Migration Governance: Alternative Futures.” IOM Background Paper WMR 2010, Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • Bücheler, G. (2015). Proportionality in Investor-State Arbitration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (2010). The Lisbon Treaty: Law, Politics, and Treaty Reforms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (2012). EU Administrative Law. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (2015). UK, EU and Global Administrative Law: Foundations and Challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Craig, P. & de Bşrca G. (Eds.) (2011). The Evolution of EU Law. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cremona, M. (2011). “External Relations and External Competence of the European Union: The Emergence of an Integrated Policy.” (pp. 217-268). In: Craig, P. & de Bşrca G. (Eds.) (2011). The Evolution of EU Law. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • European Parliament (2015). “The Principle of Subsidiarity.” Access Date: 4 March 2017, Retrieved From: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_1.2.2.pdf
  • EUR-Lex (2016). “Consolidated Version of TEU and TFEU.” Access Date: 4 March 2017, Retrieved From: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2016:202:TOC
  • EUR-Lex (2017). “The Principle of Subsidiarity.” Access Date: 4 March 2017, Retrieved From: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=URISERV:ai0017&from=EN
  • Hampshire, J. (2016). “European Migration Governance Since the Lisbon Treaty: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(4): 537-553.
  • Huscroft, G., Miller, B. W. & Webber, G. (Eds.) (2014). Proportionality and the Rule of Law: Rights, Justification, Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jones, E., Menon, A. & Weatherill, S. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Klatt, M. & Meister, M. (2012). The Constitutional Structure of Proportionality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Özsunay, E. (2015). Avrupa Birliği Hukuku ve Türkiye – AB İlişkileri. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.
  • Rosas, A. (2014). “Exclusive, Sared and National Competence in the Context of EU External Relations: Do Such Distinctions Matter?” (pp. 17-44). In: Govaere, I., Lannon, E., van Elsuwege, P. & Adam, S. (Eds.) (2014). The European Union in the World: Essays in Honour of Marc Maresceau. Leiden: Brill.
  • Sullivan, E. T. & Frase, R. S. (2009). Proportionality Principles in American Law: Controlling Excessive Government Actions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Šušnjar, D. (2010). Proportionality, Fundamental Rights, and Balance of Powers. Leiden: Brill.
  • Tushnet, M. (2014). Advanced Introduction to Comparative Constitutional Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Voegeli, W. (2010a). Foundations of European Law: Competences. Hamburg: University of Hamburg.
  • Voegeli, W. (2010b). Foundations of European Law: Supremacy. Hamburg: University of Hamburg.
  • von Bogdandy, A. (2008). “General Principles of International Public Authority: Sketching a Research Field.” German Law Journal, 9(11): 1909-1939.
  • von Bogdandy, A. (2010). “Founding Principles of EU Law: A Theoretical and Doctrinal Sketch.” European Law Journal, 16(2): 95-111.

Avrupa Birliği Hukuku Kapsamında Göç Yönetişimi, Yetkilendirme, Yetki İkamesi ve Ölçülülük İlkesi

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 95 - 107, 01.07.2017
https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2147-7035.2017.5.3.07

Abstract

Avrupa Birliği son zamanlarda göç, sığınmacı, ve iltica konularında kendi kurumları, organları ve ajansları arasında yetkilendirme sorunu ile uğraşmak zorunda kalmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı AB’de yetkilendirme, göç yönetişiminin Avrupalılaşması ve AB hukuku kapsamında “yetki ikamesi” ile “orantılılık” ilkelerini ayrıntılı olarak açıklamaktır. Araştırmanın hedefi AB hukuku çerçevesinde belirlenen yetki dağıtımı ile AB’nin yatay ve dikey ilişkiler yoluyla görevlendirilmesi düşünülen AB kurumları, organları ve ajanslarına yetki aktarımının veya eğer gerekli ise yetki paylaşımının ne şekilde gerçekleştirildiğini göstermektir. Aynı şekilde, araştırmada yetkilendirmenin göç yönetişimine anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktır. Bu kapsamda, “sınırlandırılmış bireysel yetkiler verme ilkesi”, “zımni yetkiler” ve “ucu açık yetkiler” öğretileri, “münhasır yetkiler” ile paylaşılmış yetkiler AB hukuku boyutuyla irdelenmiştir.Yetkilendirme, AB hukukunun temel prensiplerinden olan “yetki ikamesi ilkesi” ve “orantılılık” ilkeleri ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Ayrıca, AB’nin uluslararası kuruluşlar ile örneğin; Birleşmiş Milletler çatısı altındaki kuruluşlar – Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği, Uluslararası Göç Örgütü vb. çok katmanlı düzeylerde dayanışma ve işbirliği içerisinde olması AB’nin daha güçlü ve etkili bir aktör olabilmesini sağlayabilmektedir.AB’nin kamu sektörü, özel sektör ve sivil toplum kuruluşları aktörleri ve temsilcileri, hükümet-dışı organizasyonlar, üniversiteler ve araştırma kurumları, dernekler ile etkileşimleri göç yönetişiminde bilgi ve iletişim ağını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle, göç yönetişiminde bilgi ve iletişim ağının iyi koordine edilmesi ve işlevsel bir yapı kazanması AB için hayati bir husustur. Bu bağlamda, AB’nin göç yönetişiminde faal olan aktörlerin, kurumların ve ajansların AB hukuku sistemine göre ulusalüstü düzeyde meşruluğunun ve etkililiğinin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Aynı şekilde, bu aktörlerin, kurumların ve ajansların AB normları, standartları, prensipleri ve değerlerine göre yapılandırılmaları ve eğitime tabi tutulmaları çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, araştırma metodolojisi bakımından yapısalcı ve normatif yaklaşımlar uygulanmıştır.

References

  • Aliu, A. (2015). “Book Review: Özsunay, Ergun. European Union Law and Turkey–EU Relations. (1st ed.) Vedat Press, Istanbul, Turkey, 2015, 480 pp., Price: 45,00 TL, ISBN: 9786054823581.”
  • Arancibia, J. (2011). Judicial Review of Commercial Regulation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği (2011). Avrupa Birliği Antlaşması ve Avrupa Birliği’nin İşleyişi Hakkında Antlaşma. Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık, Avrupa Birliği Genel Sekreterliği Yayınları.
  • Azoulai, L. (Ed.) (2014). The Question of Competence in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Barak, A. (2012). Proportionality: Constitutional Rights and Their Limitations. (Translated by Doron Kalir) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Betts, A. (2010). “Migration Governance: Alternative Futures.” IOM Background Paper WMR 2010, Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • Bücheler, G. (2015). Proportionality in Investor-State Arbitration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (2010). The Lisbon Treaty: Law, Politics, and Treaty Reforms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (2012). EU Administrative Law. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Craig, P. (2015). UK, EU and Global Administrative Law: Foundations and Challenges. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Craig, P. & de Bşrca G. (Eds.) (2011). The Evolution of EU Law. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cremona, M. (2011). “External Relations and External Competence of the European Union: The Emergence of an Integrated Policy.” (pp. 217-268). In: Craig, P. & de Bşrca G. (Eds.) (2011). The Evolution of EU Law. (2nd ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • European Parliament (2015). “The Principle of Subsidiarity.” Access Date: 4 March 2017, Retrieved From: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/ftu/pdf/en/FTU_1.2.2.pdf
  • EUR-Lex (2016). “Consolidated Version of TEU and TFEU.” Access Date: 4 March 2017, Retrieved From: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2016:202:TOC
  • EUR-Lex (2017). “The Principle of Subsidiarity.” Access Date: 4 March 2017, Retrieved From: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=URISERV:ai0017&from=EN
  • Hampshire, J. (2016). “European Migration Governance Since the Lisbon Treaty: Introduction to the Special Issue.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 42(4): 537-553.
  • Huscroft, G., Miller, B. W. & Webber, G. (Eds.) (2014). Proportionality and the Rule of Law: Rights, Justification, Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jones, E., Menon, A. & Weatherill, S. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Klatt, M. & Meister, M. (2012). The Constitutional Structure of Proportionality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Özsunay, E. (2015). Avrupa Birliği Hukuku ve Türkiye – AB İlişkileri. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.
  • Rosas, A. (2014). “Exclusive, Sared and National Competence in the Context of EU External Relations: Do Such Distinctions Matter?” (pp. 17-44). In: Govaere, I., Lannon, E., van Elsuwege, P. & Adam, S. (Eds.) (2014). The European Union in the World: Essays in Honour of Marc Maresceau. Leiden: Brill.
  • Sullivan, E. T. & Frase, R. S. (2009). Proportionality Principles in American Law: Controlling Excessive Government Actions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Šušnjar, D. (2010). Proportionality, Fundamental Rights, and Balance of Powers. Leiden: Brill.
  • Tushnet, M. (2014). Advanced Introduction to Comparative Constitutional Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Voegeli, W. (2010a). Foundations of European Law: Competences. Hamburg: University of Hamburg.
  • Voegeli, W. (2010b). Foundations of European Law: Supremacy. Hamburg: University of Hamburg.
  • von Bogdandy, A. (2008). “General Principles of International Public Authority: Sketching a Research Field.” German Law Journal, 9(11): 1909-1939.
  • von Bogdandy, A. (2010). “Founding Principles of EU Law: A Theoretical and Doctrinal Sketch.” European Law Journal, 16(2): 95-111.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Armando Alıu

Yücel Oğurlu This is me

Ömer Özkan This is me

İlyas Öztürk This is me

Dorian Alıu This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

ISNAD Alıu, Armando et al. “Avrupa Birliği Hukuku Kapsamında Göç Yönetişimi, Yetkilendirme, Yetki İkamesi Ve Ölçülülük İlkesi”. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/3 (July 2017), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.25272/j.2147-7035.2017.5.3.07.