Soğuk Savaş’tan Bir Kesit: Yapısal Değişiklikler ve Bloklar Arası İlişkiler 1960-1991

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 165 - 184, 01.04.2017

Mehmet Öcal

Abstract

20. Yüzyılın en önemli olaylarından biri de Soğuk Savaş sürecidir. Bu dönemde ABD’nin liderliğindeki kapitalist blok ile SSCB’nin önderliğinde komünist blok arasında krizler yaşanmış, Kore ve Vietnam gibi ülkelerde vekâlet savaşları gerçekleşmiştir. Ancak Soğuk Savaş’ın ilerleyen safhalarında her iki blokta yapısal değişiklikler yaşanmış, sömürülen bir çok ülke bağımsızlığını kazanmıştır. Ayrıca Küba-Buhranı ve Sovyet-Çin ihtilafı gibi etkenler blokların içeriden evrimine yol açmış ve altmışlı yılların ortasından itibaren “yumuşama dönemine” girilmiştir. İran-Irak Savaşı ve Sovyetlerin Afganistan’ı işgali ile son bulan “yumuşama dönemi” yerini tekrar silahlanmaya bırakmıştır. Gorbaçov’un Moskova’da iktidar sahibi olmasıyla başlayan ikinci “yumuşama dönemi” Soğuk Savaş’ın bitmesine kadar devam etmiştir.

Keywords

Soğuk Savaş, vekâlet savaşları, bloklar arası evrim, yumuşama dönemi

A Section from the Cold War: Structurel Changes and Relations between the Blocs 1960-1991

Abstract

One of the most important phenomenon of the twentieth century is the Cold War period. This period witnessed a great deal of crisis between the capitalist bloc led by the USA and the communist bloc led by the USSR, and proxy wars in some countries such as Korea and Vietnam. Onward periods of the Cold War there have been structural changes in both blocs; many colonized countries gained their independence; some factors such as Cuban crisis and the Soviet-China conflict have led to evolution within the blocks; and the Cold War has entered into “détente period” from the middle of the 1960s. This period was superseded by the rearmament race by two super powers with the beginning of Iran-Iraq war and occupation of Afghanistan. There has been a second “détente period”, from which Michael Gorbachev has come into power in Moscow, to the ending of the Cold War

Keywords

Cold War, proxy wars, transformation, détente period

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