BibTex RIS Cite

Soğuk Savaş’tan Bir Kesit: Yapısal Değişiklikler ve Bloklar Arası İlişkiler 1960-1991

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 165 - 184, 01.04.2017

Abstract

20. Yüzyılın en önemli olaylarından biri de Soğuk Savaş sürecidir. Bu dönemde ABD’nin liderliğindeki kapitalist blok ile SSCB’nin önderliğinde komünist blok arasında krizler yaşanmış, Kore ve Vietnam gibi ülkelerde vekâlet savaşları gerçekleşmiştir. Ancak Soğuk Savaş’ın ilerleyen safhalarında her iki blokta yapısal değişiklikler yaşanmış, sömürülen bir çok ülke bağımsızlığını kazanmıştır. Ayrıca Küba-Buhranı ve Sovyet-Çin ihtilafı gibi etkenler blokların içeriden evrimine yol açmış ve altmışlı yılların ortasından itibaren “yumuşama dönemine” girilmiştir. İran-Irak Savaşı ve Sovyetlerin Afganistan’ı işgali ile son bulan “yumuşama dönemi” yerini tekrar silahlanmaya bırakmıştır. Gorbaçov’un Moskova’da iktidar sahibi olmasıyla başlayan ikinci “yumuşama dönemi” Soğuk Savaş’ın bitmesine kadar devam etmiştir.

References

  • Alperovitz, Gar (1965), Atomic diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam—The use of the atomic bomb and the American confrontation with Soviet power, Simon & Schuster, New York.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir. (2006), 20.Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi, Alkım Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Arnold, Guy (2008), Historical Dictionary of Wars in Africa, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland.
  • Bailey, Thomas Andrew (1950), America Faces Russia: Russian-American Relations from Early Times to Our Day, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
  • Brands, Hal (2012), Latin America’s Cold War, Harvard University Press, Boston.
  • Brinkley, Alan (1986), American History: A Survey, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Calhoun, Craig (2002), “Cold War. Dictionary of the Social Science, University Press, New York.
  • Carr, Edward Hallett (1961), What is History? University of Cambridge Press, (Türkçe tercümesi: “Tarih Nedir? İletişim Yayınları İstanbul 2002).
  • Carr, Hillel Ticktin (2000), The Cold War, and the Soviet Union, Michael Cox (ed.), E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal Palgrave Publishing, pp. 145–161.
  • Chun, Klayton KS (2006), Defending the Space – US Anti-Satellite Warfare and Space Waeponry, Osprey Publishing, Oxford.
  • Crapol, Edward (1987), “Some Reflections on the Historiography of the Cold War”, The History Teacher, Vol. 20, No. 2, February, pp. 251-262.
  • De Quesada, Alejandro (2009), The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1962, Osprey Publishing, Elite 166, Essex.
  • Dedial, Jürg, Flug über verbotenes Land, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 30 Nisan 2010.
  • DIA - Defense Intelligence Agency (2011), Defense Intelligence Digest: Special Historical Edition (29 September 2011) Chapter: The Cuban Missile crisis, October 1962.
  • Ellison, Herbert J. (ed.) (1982), The Sino-Soviet Conflict. A global
  • perspective, University Washington Press, Seattle.
  • Engelmann, Larry, (1997), Tears before the Rain: An Oral History of the Fall of South Vietnam, Da Capo Press, Boston.
  • Greiner, Bernd, Christian Th Müller, Dierk Walter (2009), Krisen im Kalten Krieg, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn.
  • Feis, Herbert (1970), From Trust to Terror: The Onset of the Cold War, 1945–1950, W. W. Norton, New York.
  • Feis, Herbert, (1957), Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin: The War They Waged and the Peace they Sought, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Fewsmith, Joseph (2008), China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao, Cambridge Modern China Series, Cambridge.
  • Foley, Michael S. (2003), Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During the Vietnam War, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  • Freedman, Lawrence (2000), Kennedy’s Wars - Berlin, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Fukuyama, Francis (1992), The End of History and the Last Man, The Free Press New York.
  • Gaddis, John Lewis (1997), We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History,Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Geo Histoire, (2010), La Guerre Froide, Novembre - Decembre.
  • Goduti Jr., Philip A. (2009), Kennedy’s Kitchen Cabinet and the Pursuit of Peace, The Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1961–1963, McFarland & Company, North Carolina.
  • Gönlübol, Mehmet (2000), Uluslararası Politika, İlkeler kavramlar, Kurumlar, Ankara Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Hochschild, Adam (2000), Schatten über dem Kongo – Die Geschichte eines fast vergessenen Menschheitsverbrechens, Stuttgart.
  • Huntington, Samuel (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
  • WorldOrder, Simon & Schuster, New York.
  • Jenkins, Dennis R. (1998), Lockheed U-2 Dragon Lady, Warbird Tech Series, Volume 16, Specialty Press, North Branch/MN.
  • Jones Howard (2008), The Bay of Pigs (Pivotal Moments in American History), Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Kennan, George F. (1961), Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin, Boston.
  • Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline (2011), Russia and the World 1917-1991, Bloomsbury Academic, London.
  • Kerns, Ann (2011), Who will shout if not us?: student activists and the Tiananmen Square protest, China 1989, Lerner Publishing, Minneapolis.
  • Kolko, Joyce and Gabriel (1972), The Limits of Power: The World and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1945– 1954, Harper and Row, New York
  • LaFeber, Walter (2004), America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945-2002, Updated 9th edition, McGraw-Hill.
  • Lebovic, James H. (2010), The Limits of U.S. Military Capability: Lessons from Vietnam and Iraq, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  • Leffler, Melvyn P. (1999), The Cold War: What Do “We Now Know”? The
  • American Historical Review Vol. 104, No. 2 (April, 1999), pp. 501-524.
  • Ludermann, Bernd (ed.) (2004), Kongo – Geschichte eines geschundenen Landes, Weltmission Heute, Länderheft 55, Hamburg.
  • McMahon, Robert (2003), The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Ndulu, Benno J. vd., (2008), The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa, 1960–2000, Volume I, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Oran, Baskın (ed.) (2001), Türk Dış Politikası - Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Cilt 1 1919-1980, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, s. 653-853.
  • Ottermann, Michael (2007), American Torture from the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and Beyond, Melbourne University Press, Victoria.
  • Peebles, Curtis (2000), Shadow Flights. America's Secret Air War Against the Soviet Union, Presidio Press, Novato.
  • Pons, Silvio and Romero, Frederico, (2005), Reinterpreting the End of the Cold War - Issues, interpretations, periodizations, Frank Cass, New York.
  • Sander, Oral, (2005), Siyasi Tarih (2 Cilt) 2. Cilt, 14. Baskı, İmge Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Small, Melvin, William D. Hoover and Charles De Benedetti (1992), Give Peace a Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement: Essays from the Charles DeBenedetti Memorial Conference (Peace and Conflict Resolution), Syracuse University Press, Syracuse.
  • Smith, S. A. (ed.) (2008), Revolution and the People in Russia and China, A Comparative History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Sönmezoğlu, Faruk (der.) (2005), Uluslararası İlişkiler Sözlüğü, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Stern, Sheldon M., The Week the World Stood Still - Inside the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005).
  • Stöver, Bernd (2007), Der Kalte Krieg 1947-1991, Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, Bonn.
  • Swift, John, The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of the Cold War, (New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2003).
  • Tucker, Spencer C. (2011), The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, ABC-CLIO Publishing, Santa Barbara.
  • Tucker, Spencer C. (2008), Cold war – A Student Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO Publishing, Santa Barbara.
  • Urbansky Sören, Peking und Moskau proben den Krieg - Konfrontation zwischen China und der Sowjetunion am Ussuri vor vierzig Jahren, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 3.3.2009Uçarol, Rıfat, (2006), “Siyasi Tarih 1789 – 2001”, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Vogel, Ezra F., Ming Yuan ve Akihiko Tanaka (2004), The Age of Uncertainty: The U.S.-China-Japan Triangle from Tiananmen (1989) to 9/11 (2001), Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • William, William Appleman (1958), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, (1988 edition).
  • Young, Marilyn B., John Fitzgerald and A. Tom Grunfeld (2002), The Vietnam War. A History in Documents, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Zhao, Dingxin (2001), The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University Of Chicago Press, Chicago.

A Section from the Cold War: Structurel Changes and Relations between the Blocs 1960-1991

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 165 - 184, 01.04.2017

Abstract

One of the most important phenomenon of the twentieth century is the Cold War period. This period witnessed a great deal of crisis between the capitalist bloc led by the USA and the communist bloc led by the USSR, and proxy wars in some countries such as Korea and Vietnam. Onward periods of the Cold War there have been structural changes in both blocs; many colonized countries gained their independence; some factors such as Cuban crisis and the Soviet-China conflict have led to evolution within the blocks; and the Cold War has entered into “détente period” from the middle of the 1960s. This period was superseded by the rearmament race by two super powers with the beginning of Iran-Iraq war and occupation of Afghanistan. There has been a second “détente period”, from which Michael Gorbachev has come into power in Moscow, to the ending of the Cold War

References

  • Alperovitz, Gar (1965), Atomic diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam—The use of the atomic bomb and the American confrontation with Soviet power, Simon & Schuster, New York.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir. (2006), 20.Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi, Alkım Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Arnold, Guy (2008), Historical Dictionary of Wars in Africa, Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland.
  • Bailey, Thomas Andrew (1950), America Faces Russia: Russian-American Relations from Early Times to Our Day, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York.
  • Brands, Hal (2012), Latin America’s Cold War, Harvard University Press, Boston.
  • Brinkley, Alan (1986), American History: A Survey, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Calhoun, Craig (2002), “Cold War. Dictionary of the Social Science, University Press, New York.
  • Carr, Edward Hallett (1961), What is History? University of Cambridge Press, (Türkçe tercümesi: “Tarih Nedir? İletişim Yayınları İstanbul 2002).
  • Carr, Hillel Ticktin (2000), The Cold War, and the Soviet Union, Michael Cox (ed.), E.H. Carr: A Critical Appraisal Palgrave Publishing, pp. 145–161.
  • Chun, Klayton KS (2006), Defending the Space – US Anti-Satellite Warfare and Space Waeponry, Osprey Publishing, Oxford.
  • Crapol, Edward (1987), “Some Reflections on the Historiography of the Cold War”, The History Teacher, Vol. 20, No. 2, February, pp. 251-262.
  • De Quesada, Alejandro (2009), The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1962, Osprey Publishing, Elite 166, Essex.
  • Dedial, Jürg, Flug über verbotenes Land, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 30 Nisan 2010.
  • DIA - Defense Intelligence Agency (2011), Defense Intelligence Digest: Special Historical Edition (29 September 2011) Chapter: The Cuban Missile crisis, October 1962.
  • Ellison, Herbert J. (ed.) (1982), The Sino-Soviet Conflict. A global
  • perspective, University Washington Press, Seattle.
  • Engelmann, Larry, (1997), Tears before the Rain: An Oral History of the Fall of South Vietnam, Da Capo Press, Boston.
  • Greiner, Bernd, Christian Th Müller, Dierk Walter (2009), Krisen im Kalten Krieg, Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, Bonn.
  • Feis, Herbert (1970), From Trust to Terror: The Onset of the Cold War, 1945–1950, W. W. Norton, New York.
  • Feis, Herbert, (1957), Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin: The War They Waged and the Peace they Sought, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Fewsmith, Joseph (2008), China since Tiananmen: From Deng Xiaoping to Hu Jintao, Cambridge Modern China Series, Cambridge.
  • Foley, Michael S. (2003), Confronting the War Machine: Draft Resistance During the Vietnam War, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.
  • Freedman, Lawrence (2000), Kennedy’s Wars - Berlin, Cuba, Laos, and Vietnam, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Fukuyama, Francis (1992), The End of History and the Last Man, The Free Press New York.
  • Gaddis, John Lewis (1997), We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History,Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Geo Histoire, (2010), La Guerre Froide, Novembre - Decembre.
  • Goduti Jr., Philip A. (2009), Kennedy’s Kitchen Cabinet and the Pursuit of Peace, The Shaping of American Foreign Policy, 1961–1963, McFarland & Company, North Carolina.
  • Gönlübol, Mehmet (2000), Uluslararası Politika, İlkeler kavramlar, Kurumlar, Ankara Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Hochschild, Adam (2000), Schatten über dem Kongo – Die Geschichte eines fast vergessenen Menschheitsverbrechens, Stuttgart.
  • Huntington, Samuel (1996), The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of
  • WorldOrder, Simon & Schuster, New York.
  • Jenkins, Dennis R. (1998), Lockheed U-2 Dragon Lady, Warbird Tech Series, Volume 16, Specialty Press, North Branch/MN.
  • Jones Howard (2008), The Bay of Pigs (Pivotal Moments in American History), Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Kennan, George F. (1961), Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin, Boston.
  • Kennedy-Pipe, Caroline (2011), Russia and the World 1917-1991, Bloomsbury Academic, London.
  • Kerns, Ann (2011), Who will shout if not us?: student activists and the Tiananmen Square protest, China 1989, Lerner Publishing, Minneapolis.
  • Kolko, Joyce and Gabriel (1972), The Limits of Power: The World and U.S. Foreign Policy, 1945– 1954, Harper and Row, New York
  • LaFeber, Walter (2004), America, Russia, and the Cold War 1945-2002, Updated 9th edition, McGraw-Hill.
  • Lebovic, James H. (2010), The Limits of U.S. Military Capability: Lessons from Vietnam and Iraq, The John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
  • Leffler, Melvyn P. (1999), The Cold War: What Do “We Now Know”? The
  • American Historical Review Vol. 104, No. 2 (April, 1999), pp. 501-524.
  • Ludermann, Bernd (ed.) (2004), Kongo – Geschichte eines geschundenen Landes, Weltmission Heute, Länderheft 55, Hamburg.
  • McMahon, Robert (2003), The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Ndulu, Benno J. vd., (2008), The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa, 1960–2000, Volume I, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • Oran, Baskın (ed.) (2001), Türk Dış Politikası - Kurtuluş Savaşından Bugüne Olgular, Belgeler, Yorumlar Cilt 1 1919-1980, İletişim Yayınları, İstanbul, s. 653-853.
  • Ottermann, Michael (2007), American Torture from the Cold War to Abu Ghraib and Beyond, Melbourne University Press, Victoria.
  • Peebles, Curtis (2000), Shadow Flights. America's Secret Air War Against the Soviet Union, Presidio Press, Novato.
  • Pons, Silvio and Romero, Frederico, (2005), Reinterpreting the End of the Cold War - Issues, interpretations, periodizations, Frank Cass, New York.
  • Sander, Oral, (2005), Siyasi Tarih (2 Cilt) 2. Cilt, 14. Baskı, İmge Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Small, Melvin, William D. Hoover and Charles De Benedetti (1992), Give Peace a Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement: Essays from the Charles DeBenedetti Memorial Conference (Peace and Conflict Resolution), Syracuse University Press, Syracuse.
  • Smith, S. A. (ed.) (2008), Revolution and the People in Russia and China, A Comparative History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Sönmezoğlu, Faruk (der.) (2005), Uluslararası İlişkiler Sözlüğü, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Stern, Sheldon M., The Week the World Stood Still - Inside the Secret Cuban Missile Crisis, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2005).
  • Stöver, Bernd (2007), Der Kalte Krieg 1947-1991, Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, Bonn.
  • Swift, John, The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of the Cold War, (New York: Palgrave McMillan, 2003).
  • Tucker, Spencer C. (2011), The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History, ABC-CLIO Publishing, Santa Barbara.
  • Tucker, Spencer C. (2008), Cold war – A Student Encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO Publishing, Santa Barbara.
  • Urbansky Sören, Peking und Moskau proben den Krieg - Konfrontation zwischen China und der Sowjetunion am Ussuri vor vierzig Jahren, Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 3.3.2009Uçarol, Rıfat, (2006), “Siyasi Tarih 1789 – 2001”, Der Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Vogel, Ezra F., Ming Yuan ve Akihiko Tanaka (2004), The Age of Uncertainty: The U.S.-China-Japan Triangle from Tiananmen (1989) to 9/11 (2001), Harvard University Asia Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  • William, William Appleman (1958), The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, (1988 edition).
  • Young, Marilyn B., John Fitzgerald and A. Tom Grunfeld (2002), The Vietnam War. A History in Documents, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Zhao, Dingxin (2001), The Power of Tiananmen: State-Society Relations and the 1989 Beijing Student Movement, University Of Chicago Press, Chicago.
There are 62 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Öcal This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD Öcal, Mehmet. “Soğuk Savaş’tan Bir Kesit: Yapısal Değişiklikler Ve Bloklar Arası İlişkiler 1960-1991”. Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi 5/2 (April 2017), 165-184.