Türkiye’de Kayıtdışı Ekonomi: Zaman Serisi ve Panel Veri MIMIC Tahminleri

Year 2016, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 161 - 201, 01.04.2016

Fatih Savaşan Fatih Yardımcıoğlu İbrahim Demir

Abstract

Kayıtdışılığı ölçmek üzere çok sayıda teknik/yöntem geliştirilmiştir. Ancak bunların çoğu ancak belli boyutlarını kabaca tahmin etmekten öteye geçememektedir. MIMIC çoklu neden-çoklu gösterge model yöntemi kayıtdışılığın hem nedenlerini he de göstergelerini model bütünlüğü içinde ele almakla diğer yöntemlere üstünlüğü olan bir yöntemdir ve literatürde sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1970-2013, 1990-2013 ve panel veri setleri kullanılarak Türkiye’de kayıtdışılık tahmin edilmiştir. Kayıtdışılığın esas itibariyle makroekonomik gelişmelere işsizlik oranı ve enflasyon oranı ve bazı modellerde vergi yüküne bağlı olduğu tespiti yapılmıştır. Büyüklük olarak ise kayıtdışılığın GSYH’ya oran olarak düşüş eğilimine sahip olduğu ve 2013 itibariyle yaklaşık olarak yüzde 25-27’lerde seyrettiği görülmektedir.

Keywords

Kayıtdışı ekonomi, MIMIC tahmin yöntemi, vergi yükü, devlet düzenlemeleri

Shadow Economy in Turkey: Time Series and Panel Data MIMIC Estimations

Abstract

Economists have developed a lot of techniques that blend economic theory and statistical/ econometric models to estimate shadow economy. However, many of them utilize only one of the fingerprints the shadow economy leaves behind. MIMIC Model, a technique that has been utilized in estimating the size of shadow economy extensively considers both the causes and the indicators of shadow economy in a model framework, a feature most of the techniques do not possess. Using two sets of time series data, one from 1970 to 2013, the other from 1990 to 2013, and panel data, this study estimates the size of the shadow economy in Turkey. The findings suggest that the shadow economy responds more to the changes in the macroeconomic variables such as unemployment rate and inflation. Some of the models predict that increase in tax burden might be important cause giving rise to shadow economy. As for the size of the shadow economy in Turkey, this study finds that it has downward trend and it is estimated that it is between 25 and 27 percent in 2013

Keywords

Shadow economy, MIMIC estimation method, tax burden, government regulation

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