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Deepfake Teknolojisi: Kriminolojik Bir Literatür Taraması

Year 2023, , 701 - 720, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1293642

Abstract

Siber suçlar teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte hızla gelişmekte ve yeni boyutlara ulaşmaktadır. Bu yazının konusu olan Deepfake teknolojisi de siber suçların bir parçası haline geldi. Sinemada karşılaştığımız CGI teknolojisine benzer özellikler taşıyan Deepfake teknolojisi, bir kişinin görüntüsünün ya da sesinin -ya da her ikisinin birden- hiper-gerçekçi bir şekilde başka bir görüntü ya da video dosyasına aktarılmasını sağlayan bir teknolojidir ve ilk olarak 2017 yılında gündeme gelmiştir. Bu teknolojinin birçok iyi niyetli kullanımı olsa da kötü niyetli kullanımı daha ön plandadır. Bu çalışma, gelecekte bu alanda çalışacak araştırmacılar için Deepfake üzerine literatürde yer alan kriminolojik çalışmaları ve güncel olayları derlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç kapsamında çalışmada Deepfake teknolojisinin doğası, Deepfake videoların tespit edilmesinde kullanılabilecek yöntemler, Deepfake teknolojisinin kriminal boyutları ve neden olduğu ihlaller, mağdurların ve suçluların özellikleri ve Deepfake teknolojisinin olumsuz kullanımına ilişkin ülkelerin aldığı önlemler/kararlar incelenmektedir.

References

  • Agarwal, Shruti - Farid, Hany. “Detecting Deep-Fake Videos from Aural and Oral Dynamics.” 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). 981–989. Nashville, TN, USA: IEEE, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW53098.2021.00109
  • Ajder, Henry et al. “The State of Deepfakes: An Overview.” Deeptrace, 1–20.
  • Babayi̇ğit, Beşir. “Deepfake’in Ceza Hukuku Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi ve De Lege Ferenda Öneriler.” Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 655–703. https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.1018877
  • BBC. “Mother ‘Used Deepfake to Frame Cheerleading Rivals.’” BBC News (March 15, 2021), sec. Technology. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56404038
  • Berk, Mustafa Evren. “Dijital Çağın Yeni Tehlikesi ‘Deepfake.’” OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 16/28 (August 31, 2020), 1508–1523. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.683819
  • Bowen, Glenn A. “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method.” Qualitative Research Journal 9/2 (August 3, 2009), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Brewster, Thomas. “Fraudsters Cloned Company Director’s Voice In $35 Million Bank Heist, Police Find.” Forbes. 2021. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2021/10/14/huge-bank-fraud-uses-deep-fake-voice-tech-to-steal-millions/
  • CAC. “国家互联网信息办公室等三部门发布《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》-中共中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室.” 2022. Accessed May 2, 2023. http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-12/11/c_1672221949318230.htm
  • Celli, Federica. “Deepfakes Are Coming: Does Australia Come Prepared?” Canberra Law Review 17/2 (2020), 193–204.
  • Chandler, Simon. “Why Deepfakes Are A Net Positive For Humanity.” Forbes. 2020. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/03/09/why-deepfakes-are-a-net-positive-for-humanity/
  • Chesney, Bobby - Citron, Danielle. “Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security.” California Law Review, 107/6 (2019).
  • Chesney, Robert - Citron, Danielle. “Deepfakes: A Looming Crisis for National Security, Democracy and Privacy?” The Lawfare Blog.
  • Clark, Dennis A - DeGregory, Priscilla. “Patrick Carey Gets 6 Months for Posting Deepfake Pics of Underage Girls on Porn Sites.” 2023. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/04/18/ny-man-patrick-carey-gets-6-months-for-posting-deepfaked-pics-on-porn-sites/

Deepfake Technology: A Criminological Literature Review

Year 2023, , 701 - 720, 31.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1293642

Abstract

Cybercrimes are rapidly evolving with the advancement of technology and reaching new dimensions. Deepfake technology, which is the subject of this article, has also become a part of cybercrime. Deepfake technology, which has similar features to the CGI technology we have encountered in the cinema, is a technology that allows the image or voice of a person - or both - to be transferred to another image or video file in a hyper-realistic way and first came to the agenda in 2017. Although this technology has many benevolent uses, its malicious use is more prominent. This study aims to compile the criminological studies and current events in the literature on Deepfake for researchers who will study this field in the future. Within the scope of this purpose, this study examines the nature of Deepfake technology, the methods that can be used to detect Deepfake videos, the criminal dimensions of Deepfake technology and the violations it causes, the characteristics of victims and criminals, and the measures/senate resolutions taken by countries regarding the negative use of Deepfake technology.

References

  • Agarwal, Shruti - Farid, Hany. “Detecting Deep-Fake Videos from Aural and Oral Dynamics.” 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). 981–989. Nashville, TN, USA: IEEE, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW53098.2021.00109
  • Ajder, Henry et al. “The State of Deepfakes: An Overview.” Deeptrace, 1–20.
  • Babayi̇ğit, Beşir. “Deepfake’in Ceza Hukuku Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi ve De Lege Ferenda Öneriler.” Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 655–703. https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.1018877
  • BBC. “Mother ‘Used Deepfake to Frame Cheerleading Rivals.’” BBC News (March 15, 2021), sec. Technology. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56404038
  • Berk, Mustafa Evren. “Dijital Çağın Yeni Tehlikesi ‘Deepfake.’” OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi 16/28 (August 31, 2020), 1508–1523. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.683819
  • Bowen, Glenn A. “Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method.” Qualitative Research Journal 9/2 (August 3, 2009), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Brewster, Thomas. “Fraudsters Cloned Company Director’s Voice In $35 Million Bank Heist, Police Find.” Forbes. 2021. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2021/10/14/huge-bank-fraud-uses-deep-fake-voice-tech-to-steal-millions/
  • CAC. “国家互联网信息办公室等三部门发布《互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定》-中共中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室.” 2022. Accessed May 2, 2023. http://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-12/11/c_1672221949318230.htm
  • Celli, Federica. “Deepfakes Are Coming: Does Australia Come Prepared?” Canberra Law Review 17/2 (2020), 193–204.
  • Chandler, Simon. “Why Deepfakes Are A Net Positive For Humanity.” Forbes. 2020. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/03/09/why-deepfakes-are-a-net-positive-for-humanity/
  • Chesney, Bobby - Citron, Danielle. “Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security.” California Law Review, 107/6 (2019).
  • Chesney, Robert - Citron, Danielle. “Deepfakes: A Looming Crisis for National Security, Democracy and Privacy?” The Lawfare Blog.
  • Clark, Dennis A - DeGregory, Priscilla. “Patrick Carey Gets 6 Months for Posting Deepfake Pics of Underage Girls on Porn Sites.” 2023. Accessed May 1, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/04/18/ny-man-patrick-carey-gets-6-months-for-posting-deepfaked-pics-on-porn-sites/
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fatih Arslan 0000-0002-9722-2042

Publication Date August 31, 2023
Submission Date May 7, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

ISNAD Arslan, Fatih. “Deepfake Technology: A Criminological Literature Review”. Sakarya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 11/1 (August 2023), 701-720. https://doi.org/10.56701/shd.1293642.

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