THE IMPACT OF COUNTERCYCLICAL CAPITAL BUFFER POLICY ON CREDIT GROWTH IN TURKEY
Year 2017,
Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 29 - 43, 20.12.2017
Muharrem Afşar
,
Emrah Doğan
Abstract
The global financial crisis showed
that there was a need for a set of macroprudential tools that could be used to
reduce the systemic risk. This paper empirical analyzed the impact of
countercyclical capital buffer implementation on the credit growth of bank in
the context of the “countercyclical capital buffer”,
a macroprudential tool proposed in the new regulatory framework of Basel III by
the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision for Turkey during the 2006q1-2016q3
period. We employ empirical analysis by applying statistical (HP filter) empirical analysis by applying statistical
(HP filter) and econometric (ARDL)) approaches. An empirical analysis shows
that countercyclical buffers is a suitable macroprudential tool for Turkey and
will serve as one of the main instruments to reduce systemic risk.
References
- Almunia M., Agust´ın S. B´en´etrix, Barry E., Kevin H. O’R., and Gisela R. (2010) . “From Great Depression to Great Credit Crisis: Similarities, Differences and Lessons”. Economic Policy 25, 219–265.
- Barisitz, S. (2003). “The Transformation of the Romanian Financial and Banking Sector”. Financial Stability Report, 7, 88-797, https://www.oenb.at/dam/jcr:0af7df97-4ea3-4324-976d 10b5e1514298/fsr7_transformationromania_tcm16-9508.pdf (Erişim tarihi:15.12.2017)
- Arslan Ö., M. B. Karan,(2009).Türkiye'de Tüketici Kredileri ve Tüketici Kredi Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi.72 Tasarım Ltd. Şti, Ankara.
- Bakker, B. B., ve Gulde, A. M. (2010). The Credit Boom in the EU New Member States: Bad Luck or Bad Policies?. MF Working Paper No. 10/130, ss. 1-45.
- BCBS (2010). “Countercyclical Capital Buffer Proposal” , https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs172.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:14.10.2017).
- BDDK(2015). Döngüsel Sermaye Tamponu Uygulaması İle Bankalarca Yapılacak Kar Dağıtımına İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar, https://www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Duyurular/BDDK_Kurul_Kararlari/147716602.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:09.06.2017)
- BNM (2013). Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report, http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/fsps/en/2013/fs2013_book.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:14.10.2017).
- Demir, Y., ve Küçükkaplan. İ. (2017). “Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Önleyici, Kısıtlayıcı Ve Denetleyici Düzenlemelere Genel Bir Bakış”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2) ss: 207-221.
- Demirezen, Ö. (2015). “Türkiye’de Kredilerin Özel Tüketim Harcamalarına Etkisi”. T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi Ankara.
- Drehmann, M., Gambacorta, L. 2011. “The Effect of Countercyclical Capital Buffers on Bank Lending”. Applied Economics Letters ISSN 1350–4851 print/ISSN 1466–4291
- Dell'Ariccia, G., D. Igan, L. Laeven, ve H. Tong (B. Bakker ve J. Vandenbussche ile) (2012). “Policies for Macrofinancial Stability: How to Deal with Credit Booms”.IMF Staff Discussion Note, SDN/12/06.
- Dickey, D. and Fuller, W. A., (1981). “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with A Unit Root”, Econometrica, Vol. 49, No: 4, 1057-1072.
- Dünya Bankası World Development Indicators; https://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.
FSB, IMF, BIS; (2011). “Macroprudential policy tools and frameworks”, Update to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, 14 February. http://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_1103.pdf (ErişimTarihi 20.06.2017).
- Gersl, A., ve Seidler, J. (2010). “Excessive credit growth as an indicator of financial (in) stability and its use in macroprudential policy”. Financial stability report, 2011, 112-122,
- https://www.cnb.cz/miranda2/export/sites/www.cnb.cz/en/financial_stability/fs_reports/fsr_2010-2011/fsr_2010-2011.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 21.09.2017).
- Giese, J., Andersen, H., Bush, O., Castro, C., Farag, M., & Kapadia, S. (2014). The Credit‐To‐Gdp Gap And Complementary Indicators For Macroprudential Policy: Evidence From The Uk. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 19(1), 25-47.
- Huang, X. and Xiong, Q. (2015). “ Bank Capital Buffer Decisions Under Macroeconomic Fluctuations : Evidence for The Banking Industry of China ”. International Review of Economics and Finance (36) 30 – 39
- Hilbers, P., Otker-Robe, I., Pazarbasioglu, C., Johnsen, G. (2005). Assessing and Managing Rapid Credit Growth and the Role of Supervisory and Prudential Policies. IMF Working Paper WP/05/151, ss. 1-59.
- Hume, Michael, and Andrew Sentance (2009). “The Global Credit Boom: Challenges for Macroeconomics and Policy”. External MPC Unit Discussion Paper No. 27, Bank of England, June.
- İhan A. (2015). “Makro İhtiyati Politikaların Genel Çerçevesi”. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52(608), ss. 65-85.
Jordà, Ò., Schularick, M., ve Taylor, A. M. (2011). “Financial crises, credit booms, and external imbalances: 140 years of lessons”. IMF Economic Review, 59(2), 340-378.
- Kara, H., Küçük, H., Tiryaki, S. T., ve Yüksel, C. (2013). Türkiye için Makul Kredi Büyüme Oranı Ne Olmalı?. TCMB Ekonomi Notları, 3,1-14.
- Mendoza, Enrique G. and Marco E. Terrones, 2008, “An Anatomy of Credit Booms: Evidence from Macro Aggregates and Micro Data,” NBER Working Paper No. 14049,1-59.
- Örnek, İ.(2008). “Yabancı Sermaye Akımlarının Yurtiçi Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), ss. 199-207.
- Pesaran, M.H., Shin Y. and Smith R.J., (2001), “Bound Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Long Run Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Special İssue, 16, 289-326.
- Phillips, P. C. B. and Peron, P., (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biomètrika, 75 (2), 336-346.
- Pramono B., Hafidz J., Adamanti J., Muhajir H. M., Alim S. M. (2015). “The Impact of Countercyclical Capital Buffer Policy on Credit Growth in Indonesia”.Bank Indonesia Working Paper WP/4/2015, 1-22.
- Schularick, M. ve A. M. Taylor (2012). “Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles, and Financial Crises, 1870-2008”, American Economic Review 102(2),1029-1061.
- Shin, H. S. (2013). “Adapting Macro Prudential Approaches to Emerging and Developing Economies”, Otaviano
- CANUTO and Swati R. GHOSH (Ed.), Dealing with the Challenges of Macro Financial Linkages in Emerging Markets, World Bank, Washington D.C., pp. 17-56
- Taylor, J. B. (2009). The Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An empirical Analysis of what went wrong. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 14631,1-32.
- Togan, S.ve Berüment H. (2011).“Cari İşlemler Dengesi, Sermaye Hareketleri ve Krediler”. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Bankacılar Dergisi, 78, 3-21
TÜRKİYE’DE DÖNGÜSEL SERMAYE TAMPONUNUN KREDİ BÜYÜMESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
Year 2017,
Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 29 - 43, 20.12.2017
Muharrem Afşar
,
Emrah Doğan
Abstract
Küresel finansal kriz, sistemik
riski azaltmak için kullanılabilecek makro ihtiyati politika araçlarına ihtiyaç
olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye için 2006:01-2016:03 dönemine ait üç
aylık verileri ile Basel Bankacılık Denetim Komitesi tarafından Basel III
çerçevesinde önerilen makro riskleri azaltacak bir araç olan
"döngüsel(konjonktür karşıtı) sermaye tamponu"’nun özel sektör kredi büyümesi
üzerinde etkilerini incelemektedir. Döngüsel sermaye
tamponunun krediler üzerine etkilerini incelemek için; istatistiksel (HP
filtresi) ve ekonometrik yaklaşım (ARDL ) uygulayarak analiz edilmektedir. Elde edilen
tahmin sonuçları, döngüsel tamponların Türkiye için makro riskleri azaltıcı uygun
bir araç olduğunu ve sistemik riski azaltmak için kullanılabileceğini
göstermektedir.
References
- Almunia M., Agust´ın S. B´en´etrix, Barry E., Kevin H. O’R., and Gisela R. (2010) . “From Great Depression to Great Credit Crisis: Similarities, Differences and Lessons”. Economic Policy 25, 219–265.
- Barisitz, S. (2003). “The Transformation of the Romanian Financial and Banking Sector”. Financial Stability Report, 7, 88-797, https://www.oenb.at/dam/jcr:0af7df97-4ea3-4324-976d 10b5e1514298/fsr7_transformationromania_tcm16-9508.pdf (Erişim tarihi:15.12.2017)
- Arslan Ö., M. B. Karan,(2009).Türkiye'de Tüketici Kredileri ve Tüketici Kredi Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi.72 Tasarım Ltd. Şti, Ankara.
- Bakker, B. B., ve Gulde, A. M. (2010). The Credit Boom in the EU New Member States: Bad Luck or Bad Policies?. MF Working Paper No. 10/130, ss. 1-45.
- BCBS (2010). “Countercyclical Capital Buffer Proposal” , https://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs172.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:14.10.2017).
- BDDK(2015). Döngüsel Sermaye Tamponu Uygulaması İle Bankalarca Yapılacak Kar Dağıtımına İlişkin Usul ve Esaslar, https://www.bddk.org.tr/WebSitesi/turkce/Duyurular/BDDK_Kurul_Kararlari/147716602.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:09.06.2017)
- BNM (2013). Financial Stability and Payment Systems Report, http://www.bnm.gov.my/files/publication/fsps/en/2013/fs2013_book.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:14.10.2017).
- Demir, Y., ve Küçükkaplan. İ. (2017). “Türk Bankacılık Sisteminde Önleyici, Kısıtlayıcı Ve Denetleyici Düzenlemelere Genel Bir Bakış”. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2) ss: 207-221.
- Demirezen, Ö. (2015). “Türkiye’de Kredilerin Özel Tüketim Harcamalarına Etkisi”. T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı Uzmanlık Tezi Ankara.
- Drehmann, M., Gambacorta, L. 2011. “The Effect of Countercyclical Capital Buffers on Bank Lending”. Applied Economics Letters ISSN 1350–4851 print/ISSN 1466–4291
- Dell'Ariccia, G., D. Igan, L. Laeven, ve H. Tong (B. Bakker ve J. Vandenbussche ile) (2012). “Policies for Macrofinancial Stability: How to Deal with Credit Booms”.IMF Staff Discussion Note, SDN/12/06.
- Dickey, D. and Fuller, W. A., (1981). “Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with A Unit Root”, Econometrica, Vol. 49, No: 4, 1057-1072.
- Dünya Bankası World Development Indicators; https://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.
FSB, IMF, BIS; (2011). “Macroprudential policy tools and frameworks”, Update to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors, 14 February. http://www.financialstabilityboard.org/wp-content/uploads/r_1103.pdf (ErişimTarihi 20.06.2017).
- Gersl, A., ve Seidler, J. (2010). “Excessive credit growth as an indicator of financial (in) stability and its use in macroprudential policy”. Financial stability report, 2011, 112-122,
- https://www.cnb.cz/miranda2/export/sites/www.cnb.cz/en/financial_stability/fs_reports/fsr_2010-2011/fsr_2010-2011.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 21.09.2017).
- Giese, J., Andersen, H., Bush, O., Castro, C., Farag, M., & Kapadia, S. (2014). The Credit‐To‐Gdp Gap And Complementary Indicators For Macroprudential Policy: Evidence From The Uk. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 19(1), 25-47.
- Huang, X. and Xiong, Q. (2015). “ Bank Capital Buffer Decisions Under Macroeconomic Fluctuations : Evidence for The Banking Industry of China ”. International Review of Economics and Finance (36) 30 – 39
- Hilbers, P., Otker-Robe, I., Pazarbasioglu, C., Johnsen, G. (2005). Assessing and Managing Rapid Credit Growth and the Role of Supervisory and Prudential Policies. IMF Working Paper WP/05/151, ss. 1-59.
- Hume, Michael, and Andrew Sentance (2009). “The Global Credit Boom: Challenges for Macroeconomics and Policy”. External MPC Unit Discussion Paper No. 27, Bank of England, June.
- İhan A. (2015). “Makro İhtiyati Politikaların Genel Çerçevesi”. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 52(608), ss. 65-85.
Jordà, Ò., Schularick, M., ve Taylor, A. M. (2011). “Financial crises, credit booms, and external imbalances: 140 years of lessons”. IMF Economic Review, 59(2), 340-378.
- Kara, H., Küçük, H., Tiryaki, S. T., ve Yüksel, C. (2013). Türkiye için Makul Kredi Büyüme Oranı Ne Olmalı?. TCMB Ekonomi Notları, 3,1-14.
- Mendoza, Enrique G. and Marco E. Terrones, 2008, “An Anatomy of Credit Booms: Evidence from Macro Aggregates and Micro Data,” NBER Working Paper No. 14049,1-59.
- Örnek, İ.(2008). “Yabancı Sermaye Akımlarının Yurtiçi Tasarruf ve Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerine Etkisi: Türkiye Örneği”, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 63(2), ss. 199-207.
- Pesaran, M.H., Shin Y. and Smith R.J., (2001), “Bound Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Long Run Relationships”, Journal of Applied Econometrics, Special İssue, 16, 289-326.
- Phillips, P. C. B. and Peron, P., (1988), “Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression”, Biomètrika, 75 (2), 336-346.
- Pramono B., Hafidz J., Adamanti J., Muhajir H. M., Alim S. M. (2015). “The Impact of Countercyclical Capital Buffer Policy on Credit Growth in Indonesia”.Bank Indonesia Working Paper WP/4/2015, 1-22.
- Schularick, M. ve A. M. Taylor (2012). “Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles, and Financial Crises, 1870-2008”, American Economic Review 102(2),1029-1061.
- Shin, H. S. (2013). “Adapting Macro Prudential Approaches to Emerging and Developing Economies”, Otaviano
- CANUTO and Swati R. GHOSH (Ed.), Dealing with the Challenges of Macro Financial Linkages in Emerging Markets, World Bank, Washington D.C., pp. 17-56
- Taylor, J. B. (2009). The Financial Crisis and the Policy Responses: An empirical Analysis of what went wrong. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 14631,1-32.
- Togan, S.ve Berüment H. (2011).“Cari İşlemler Dengesi, Sermaye Hareketleri ve Krediler”. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği Bankacılar Dergisi, 78, 3-21