A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells

Orçun Ekin; Yunus Çerçi

A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells

Abstract

Number of somatic cells (white blood cells) in bovine milk matrix is one of the defining characteristics of milk quality. An increasing Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in milk negatively effects the texture, color and taste of the substance, reducing its shelf life, hence the commercial value. With somatic cells being considered as sparse particles in a continuous medium, disk-stack centrifuges have become the most common industrial application of reducing and controlling the SCC index. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Modeling (CFD-DEM) mainframe on Euler-Lagrange coupling basis is developed to determine the separation ability of a clarifying disk-stack centrifuge. The 3D model is simplified from an actual machine while strictly adopting the geometrical features of the disc-stack. The CFD-DEM model yields a 3.76% relative error in separation ability at average particle diameter, when compared to field tests of the machine at steady operation. Simulations show an increasing g-force, combined with reduced feed rates yields the best separation ability for the process. With optimum process parameters generating a 91.05% sedimentation ratio, the upper limit of g-force at 10 ton/h feed rate offers a 95% separation efficiency, while the lower limit of feed rate offers 96% at 7,700rpm.

Keywords

References

[1] Stokes, G. G. 1851. On the Theories of the Internal Friction of Fluids in Motion, and of the Equilibrium and Motion of Elastic Solids. Mathematical and Physical Papers Vol.1, 9, 75–129. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO97805117022
[2] Kartushinsky, A., Tisler, S., Oliveira, J. L. G., and van der Geld, C. W. M. 2016. Eulerian-Eulerian modelling of particle-laden two-phase flow. Powder Technology, 301, 999–1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.07.053
[3] Náraigh, L., and Barros, R. 2016. Particle-laden viscous channel flows: Model regularization and parameter study. European Journal of Mechanics, B/Fluids, 59, 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.05.005
[4] Akbarzadeh, V., and Hrymak, A. N. 2016. Coupled CFD-DEM of particle-laden flows in a turning flow with a moving wall. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 86, 184–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.12.020
[5] Zhang, Z., and Chen, Q. 2007. Comparison of the Eulerian and Lagrangian methods for predicting particle transport in enclosed spaces. Atmospheric Environment, 41(25), 5236–5248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.-2006.05.086
[6] Saidi, M. S., Rismanian, M., Monjezi, M., Zendehbad, M., and Fatehiboroujeni, S. 2014. Comparison between Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches in predicting motion of micron-sized particles in laminar flows. Atmospheric Environment, 89, 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.01.069
[7] Arsalanloo, A., and Abbasalizadeh, M. 2017. Numerical study on deposition of particles in a 90° bend in the presence of swirling flow using Eulerian-Lagrangian method. Powder Technology, 320, 285–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.050
[8] Maskaniyan, M., Rashidi, S., and Esfahani, J. A. 2017. A two-way couple of Eulerian-Lagrangian model for particle transport with different sizes in an obstructed channel. Powder Technology, 312, 260–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2017.02.031

[9] Chang, Y. C., Chiu, T. Y., Hung, C. Y., and Chou, Y. J. 2019. Three-dimensional Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation of particle settling in inclined water columns. Powder Technology, 348, 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.02.052
[10] Kempken, R., Preissmann, A., and Berthold, W. 1995. Assessment of a disc stack centrifuge for use in mammalian cell separation. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 46(2), 132–138. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460206
[11] Lindner, J., Menzel, K., and Nirschl, H. 2013. Simulation of magnetic suspensions for HGMS using CFD, FEM and DEM modeling. Computers and Chemical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2013.03.012
[12] Shekhawat, L. K., Sarkar, J., Gupta, R., Hadpe, S., and Rathore, A. S. 2018. Application of CFD in Bioprocessing: Separation of mammalian cells using disc stack centrifuge during production of biotherapeutics. Journal of Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.12.016
[13] Gidaspow, D. 2012. Multiphase Flow and Fluidization: Continuum and Kinetic Theory Descriptions. Springer International Publishing, ISBN 978-3-319-45490-0, Switzerland.
[14] Spreer, E. 2017. Milk and Dairy Product Technology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., ISBN 978-0-82-470094-5, NY, United States.
[15] Wilbey, R. A. 2004. Homogenization of Milk, Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Elsevier Science Ltd., ISBN 978-0-12-374407-4, London, United Kingdom.
[16] Stolarski, T., Nakasone, Y., and Yoshimoto, S. 2006. Engineering Analysis with ANSYS Software. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 978-0-75-066875-X, Oxford, United Kingdom.
[17] Elghobashi, S. 1994. On predicting particle-laden turbulent flows. Applied Scientific Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00936835
[18] Ambler, C. M. 1959. The theory of scaling up laboratory data for the sedimentation type centrifuge. Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology and Engineering, 1(2), 185–205. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmte.390010206
[19] White, F. M. 2016. Fluid Mechanics 8th in SI units. McGraw-Hill Education, ISBN 978-9-38-596549-4, NY, United States.
[20] Versteeg, H.K., Malalasekera, W., 2007. An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics 2e, Pearson Ed. Ltd., ISBN 978-0-13-127498-3, Essex, England.
[21] ANSYS Inc. 2010. Fluent Theory Guide. Ansys Inc. Southpointe, Canonsburg, PA.
[22] Zlotnik, I. 1947. Types of Cells Present in Cow’s Milk. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics, 57, 196-IN6. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0368-1742(47)80025-6
[23] Gunasekera, T. S., Veal, D. A., and Attfield, P. V. 2003. Potential for broad applications of flow cytometry and fluorescence techniques in microbiological and somatic cell analyses of milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00546-9
[24] Koess, C., and Hamann, J. 2008. Detection of mastitis in the bovine mammary gland by flow cytometry at early stages. Journal of Dairy Research. https://doi.org/10.1017/s002202990800324

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Orçun Ekin This is me
0000-0002-6779-885X
Türkiye

Yunus Çerçi This is me
0000-0002-4462-5366
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 27, 2020

Submission Date

November 5, 2019

Acceptance Date

January 15, 2020

Published in Issue

Year 2020 Volume: 38 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ekin, O., & Çerçi, Y. (2020). A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 38(1), 95-109. https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK

AMA

1.Ekin O, Çerçi Y. A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells. SIGMA. 2020;38(1):95-109. https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK

Chicago

Ekin, Orçun, and Yunus Çerçi. 2020. “A Discrete Element Modeling Investigation of the Centrifugal Separation Process of Bovine Milk Somatic Cells”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 38 (1): 95-109. https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK.

EndNote

Ekin O, Çerçi Y (March 1, 2020) A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 38 1 95–109.

IEEE

[1]O. Ekin and Y. Çerçi, “A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells”, SIGMA, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 95–109, Mar. 2020, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK

ISNAD

Ekin, Orçun - Çerçi, Yunus. “A Discrete Element Modeling Investigation of the Centrifugal Separation Process of Bovine Milk Somatic Cells”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 38/1 (March 1, 2020): 95-109. https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK.

JAMA

1.Ekin O, Çerçi Y. A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells. SIGMA. 2020;38:95–109.

MLA

Ekin, Orçun, and Yunus Çerçi. “A Discrete Element Modeling Investigation of the Centrifugal Separation Process of Bovine Milk Somatic Cells”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 38, no. 1, Mar. 2020, pp. 95-109, https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK.

Vancouver

1.Orçun Ekin, Yunus Çerçi. A discrete element modeling investigation of the centrifugal separation process of bovine milk somatic cells. SIGMA [Internet]. 2020 Mar. 1;38(1):95-109. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA37TM45NK