ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND GLYCEMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE CARBOHYDRATES IN SOME NATURAL TURKISH INDIGENOUS FOODSTUFFS IN SIMULATED SYSTEM

Abstract

It is important to understand the benefits of an indigenous foodstuff containing carbohydrate in terms of glycemic. The glycemic parameters are the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Turkish Kahramanmaraş tarhana and Beypazarı cookie were used as indigenous foodstuffs. Because of delicious and high protein content, these foods are commonly used in Turkey. In this study, we realized the glycemic assessment of these foodstuffs by carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis of the carbohydrates containing in our simulated in vitro system. It was found that Kahramanmaraş Tarhana as used snack and soup have a low-glycemic index (<55) using Turkish white bread (TWB) as a reference carbohydrate. The GI values of Beypazarı Cookie and Turkish Kahramanmaraş Tarhana were determined as 62.8±2.8 and 53.1±2.4, respectively. The glycemic load (GL) values of both samples were bigger than 20. The values of these species will increase if their consumption is high.

Keywords

• Glycemic assessment
• indigenous foodstuff
• simulated digestion
• Kahramanmaraş tarhana
• Beypazarı cookie

References

1. ⦁ Çekal N.and Aslan B, 2017. Tarhana as a gastronomic value and its signifıcance in the geographical ındication, Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(2): 124-135. (In Turkish) Source: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/395479
2. ⦁ Wolever T.M.S., Jenkins, D.J.A., Jenkins A.and Josse R.G, 1991. The glycemic index: methodology and clinical implications, Am. J Clin. Nutr. 54:846–854. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/54.5.846
3. ⦁ Miller B., Millan J., Price J. and Broomhead L,1995. The glycemic index of foods containing sugars: comparison of foods with naturally occurring v. added sugars, British J Nutr. 73:613–23. DOI:10.1079/BJN19950063
4. ⦁ Liu S., Manson J.E., Stampfer M.J., Holmes M.D., Hu F.B., Hankinson S.E. and Willett W.C, 2001. Dietary glycemic load assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting plasma triacylglycerols in postmenopausal women, British J Nutr. 73:560–6. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/73.3.560
5. ⦁ Levin J.R, 1994. Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates - from molecules and membranes to humans, Am. Soc. Clin. Nutr. 59:690S-8S. DOI:10.1093/ajcn/59.3.690S
6. ⦁ Woolnough J.W., Monro J.A., Brennan C.S. and Bird A.R. 2008. Simulating human carbohydrate digestion in vitro: a review ofmethods and the need for standardisation, Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 43:2245–2256. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01862.x
7. ⦁ Aklanoğlu F. 2010. Cultural tourism in traditional settlements: The case of Beypazarı, Kastamonu Univ. J Forestry Faculty. 10 (2):125-136. (In Turkish) Source:http://www.kastamonu.edu.tr/Akademik/...
8. ⦁ Dayısoylu K.S. and Yörükoğlu T. 2016. Some functional and chemical properties of the local Maraş Tarhana, Atatürk Univ., J. of the Agricultural Faculty. 47(1):53-63.Source: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/278068

9. ⦁ Ötles S. and Cagindi Ö. 2006. Cereal based functional foods and nutraceutical, Acta Scientarinum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria. 5(1):107-112. Source: https://www.food.actapol.net/pub/9_1_2006.pdf
10. ⦁ Coşkun F, 2014. History of Tarhana and Varieties of Tarhana in Turkey, Electronic Journal of Food Technologies 9(3):69-79. (In Turkish) . Source: http://teknolojikarastirmalar.com/
11. ⦁ Goñi I., Garcia-Alonso A. and Calixto F,1997. A starch hydrolysis procedure to estimate glycemic index, Nutrition Research. 17:427-437. DOI:10.1016/S0271-5317(97)00010-9
12. ⦁ Gibson N., Schönfeldt H.C. and Pretorius B. 2011. Development of a rapid assessment method for the prediction of the glycemic index, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 24:750-754. DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.005
13. ⦁ Chung H., Shin D.H., and TaikLim S. 2008. In vitro starch digestibility and estimated glycemic index of chemically modified corn starche, Food Research International. 41:579-585. DOI:10.1016/j.foodres.2008.04.006
14. ⦁ The Database of Sydney Univesity, https://www.glycemicindex.com/foodSearch.php, Australia. 10.01.2019.
15. ⦁ Eleazu C.0, 2016. The concept of low glycemic index and glycemic load foods as panacea for type 2 diabetes mellitus; prospects, challenges and solutions, African Health Science. 16(2):468-479. DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i2.15