BIOSORPTION OF PHENOL USING MODIFIED BARLEY HUSK: STUDIES ON EQUILIBRIUM ISOTHERM, KINETICS, AND THERMODYNAMICS OF INTERACTIONS

Abstract

Phenol (PHEN) adsorption using hydrogen chloride (HCl) modified barley husk (MBH) was studied, in which the effects of MBH dose (0.5-4 g/L), initial pH (3-11), contact time (10-180 min), and initial PHEN concentration (10-100 mg/L) were investigated. The adsorbent material was prepared via the chemical activation method. The MBH morphological properties with the surface chemistry characteristics were studied through the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Xray Microanalysis (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and point of zero charge (pHpzc) analyses. The data was examined using the four common models of isotherm (Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R), and Temkin). The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and the intra-particle diffusion models were also used to examine the data. Thermodynamics parameters: free energy change (ΔGo), enthalpy change (ΔHo) and entropy change (ΔSo) were evaluated. MBH was highly efficient due to its high surface area (176.2 m2/g). Maximum removal of PHEN (93.95%) occurred at pH 3, MBH dose: 3 g/L, PHEN concentration: 10 mg/L, and contact time: 180 min at a constant temperature of 30 ± 2 ºC. The D-R isotherm and pseudo-second-order best represented the isotherm and kinetic data, respectively. The values of ΔGo (-0.056, -0.613, -1.431, -2.052, -2.941 and -3.731 kJ/mol), ΔHo (23.88 kJ/mol) and ΔSo (0.087 kJ/mol K) indicate a feasible, spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. MBH, a low-cost adsorbent can be used effectively to remove PHEN from PHEN-containing water.

Keywords

• Phenol
• barley husk
• adsorption
• iotherms
• thermodynamics
• kinetics

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