EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM

Chizoo Esonye; Okechukwu Dominic Onukwulı; Akuzuo Uwaoma Ofoefule

EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM

Abstract

This paper investigates the significance of the operating conditions on the production of methyl esters from seed oils of sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus), African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidium) and African pear (Dyacrodes edulis). The effects of various process conditions such as catalyst amount, reaction temperature, methanol/oil molar ratio and reaction time on biodiesel yield and its viscosity were studied. The result shows that African pear seed oil methyl ester (APSOME), sweet almond seed oil methyl ester (SASOME) and African star apple seed oil methyl ester (ASASOME) production is optimized at a mixing rate of 140rpm, atmospheric pressure, temperature of 65˚C, reaction time of 65 minutes, methanol to oil molar ratio of 8:1 and catalyst concentration of 1.5wt%, 2.0wt% and 2.0wt% respectively. The alkaline methylic transesterification gave 94.50%, 95.50% and 85.70% yields of esters with viscosity of 2.60mm2/s, 2.45mm2/s and 2.40mm2/s respectively. The physico-chemical properties of the seed oils showed improved fuel qualities upon transesterification compared well with ASTM and EN standards. The GC-MS result showed mainly unsaturation characteristics. A total of 37.74% saturated fatty acid (SFA), 41.42% monounsaturated fatty acid (MUSFA) and 13.90% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSF) were found to be contained in SASOME. ASASOME contains 27.71% SFA, 53.30% MUSFA and 18.99% PUSFA while APSOME contains 14.78% SFA, 75.50% MUSFA and 6.41% PUSFA. These results attest the viability of the selected tropical seed oils in biodiesel production.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

-

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Chizoo Esonye This is me
0000-0001-7902-3149
Nigeria

Okechukwu Dominic Onukwulı This is me
Nigeria

Akuzuo Uwaoma Ofoefule This is me
0000-0001-7546-8335
Nigeria

Publication Date

March 1, 2019

Submission Date

April 9, 2018

Acceptance Date

August 17, 2018

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 37 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Esonye, C., Onukwulı, O. D., & Ofoefule, A. U. (2019). EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 37(1), 25-40. https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY

AMA

1.Esonye C, Onukwulı OD, Ofoefule AU. EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM. SIGMA. 2019;37(1):25-40. https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY

Chicago

Esonye, Chizoo, Okechukwu Dominic Onukwulı, and Akuzuo Uwaoma Ofoefule. 2019. “EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 37 (1): 25-40. https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY.

EndNote

Esonye C, Onukwulı OD, Ofoefule AU (March 1, 2019) EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 37 1 25–40.

IEEE

[1]C. Esonye, O. D. Onukwulı, and A. U. Ofoefule, “EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM”, SIGMA, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 25–40, Mar. 2019, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY

ISNAD

Esonye, Chizoo - Onukwulı, Okechukwu Dominic - Ofoefule, Akuzuo Uwaoma. “EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 37/1 (March 1, 2019): 25-40. https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY.

JAMA

1.Esonye C, Onukwulı OD, Ofoefule AU. EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM. SIGMA. 2019;37:25–40.

MLA

Esonye, Chizoo, et al. “EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 37, no. 1, Mar. 2019, pp. 25-40, https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY.

Vancouver

1.Chizoo Esonye, Okechukwu Dominic Onukwulı, Akuzuo Uwaoma Ofoefule. EFFECTS OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE YIELD AND VISCOSITY OF METHYL ESTERS DERIVED FROM PRUNUS AMYGDALUS, DYACRODES EDULIS AND CHRYSOPHYLLUM ALBIDIUM. SIGMA [Internet]. 2019 Mar. 1;37(1):25-40. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA83AS46TY