INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE

Hatice Merve Başar; Nuran Deveci Aksoy

INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE

Abstract

Concrete is the most widely used man-made material in the world. Aggregate owing to 75% proportion in the ready-mixed concrete (RMC) is an important component; but its natural resources are in the limit of extinction. Thus, the usage of industrial wastes together with aggregates in RMC production will be helpful in overcoming problems related to possible aggregate demand in the upcoming years. In this study, the usability of waste foundry sand (WFS) in the production of RMC was carried out. Concrete specimens were prepared using 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100% WFS by weight as replacement of silica sand and the mechanical, leaching and micro-structural properties of WFS-based RMC products. In order to determine the performance of fresh and hardened concrete specimens prepared by solidification/stabilization (S/S) process as two control and seven concrete specimens and performed at four different curing periods; physical and mechanical properties such as slump, unit weight, temperature, setting time, compressive and tensile splitting strength, modulus of elasticity, water absorption ratio and density were examined and the most suitable replacement ratio was determined as 20%. Leachability characteristics of the solidified concrete specimens at three different pH conditions were also observed. Furthermore, micro-structural properties of both control concrete and concrete having 20% WFS were investigated by using XRD, XRF, SEM and EDS techniques. As a result, it's suggested that WFS can be effectively utilized in the production of RMC by a maximum of 20% replacement instead of fine aggregates with no adverse physical, mechanical, environmental and micro-structural impacts.

Keywords

References

[1] Karakule, F., Akakın, T., Uçar, S. Türkiye'de ve dünyada hazır beton sektörü, Beton 2004 Kongresi, 10-12 Haziran, İstanbul, 2004.
[2] TS EN 206-1. Beton - Bölüm 1: Özellik, performans, imalat ve uygunluk, Türk Standartları, Ankara, 2002.
[3] Siddique, R., Schutter, G. ve Noumowe, A. Effect of used-foundry sand on the mechanical properties of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 23, 976-980, 2009.
[4] Gedik, A., Lav, A.H. ve Lav, M.A. Atık döküm kumlarının yol inşaatında alt temel ve dolgu malzemesi olarak kullanılması, 3. Uluslararası Döküm ve Çevre Sempozyumu (IFES 2009), 28-29 Ocak, İstanbul, 2010.
[5] Beeley, P. Foundry Technology, University of Leeds, England, 2001.
[6] Zannetti, M.C. ve Fiore, S. Foundry processes: the recovery of green moulding sands for core operations, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 38, 243-254, 2002.
[7] Singh, G., Siddique, R. Effect of waste foundery sand as partial replacament of sand on the strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity and permeability of concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 26(1), 416-422, 2012.
[8] Siddique, R., Kaur, G. ve Rajor, G. Waste foundry sand and its leachate characteristics, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54, 1027-1036, 2010.

[9] Guney, Y., Sari, Y.D., Yalcin, M., Tuncan, A. ve Donmez, S. Re-usage of waste foundry sand in high-strength concrete, Waste Management, 30, 1705-1713, 2010.
[10] Dungan, R.S., Huwe, J. ve Chaney, R.L. Concentrations of PCDD/PCDFs and PCBs in spent foundry sands, Chemosphere, 75, 1232-1235, 2009.
[11] Dayton, E.A., Whitacre, S.D., Dundan, R.S., Basta, N.T. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of spent foundry sands pertinent to beneficial use in manufactured soils, Plant Soil, 329, 27-33, 2010.
[12] Lawrence, D. ve Mavroulidou, M. Properties of concrete containing foundry sand, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology, 3-5 Eylül, Chania, Greece, 2009.
[13] Kirk, P.B. Field demonstration of highway embankment constructed using waste foundry sand, Doktora tezi, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, US, 1998.
[14] Mast, D.G. ve Fox, P.J. Geotechnical performance of a highway embankment constructed using waste foundry sand, Geotechnical Special Publication, 79, 66-85, 1998.
[15] Abichou, B.C. ve Edil, T. Database on beneficial reuse of foundry by-products, Recycled materials in geotechnical applications. In: Vipulanandan, C. ve Elton, D., eds. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication, 79, 210-223, 1998.
[16] Başar, H.M., Deveci Aksoy, N., 2013. Pre-treatment of Waste Foundry Sand via Solidification/Stabilization, Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 41(1), 94-101.
[17] Kleven, J.R., Edil, T.B. ve Benson, C.H. Evaluation of excess foundry system sands for use as sub-base material, Transportation Research Record, 1714, 40-48, 2000.
[18] Braham, A. The use of blended recycled foundry sand in hot mix asphalt, Interim Report, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Asphalt Research Group, US, 2002.
[19] Khatib, J.M. ve Ellis, D.J. Mechanical properties of concrete containing foundry sand, American Concrete Institute special publication, SP-200, 733-748, 2001.
[20] Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., Chun, Y.M., Ramme, W.B. ve Siddique, R. Precast concrete products using industrial by-products, ACI Materials Journal, 101(3), 199-206, 2004.
[21] Fiore, S. ve Zanetti, M.C. Foundry wastes reuse and recycling in concrete production, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 3(3), 135-142, 2007.
[22] Siddique, R., Aggarwal, Y., Aggarwal, P., Kadri, E. H. ve Bennacer, R. Strength, durability and micro-structural properties of concrete made with used-foundry sand (UFS), Construction and Building Materials, 25, 1916-1925, 2011.
[23] Kaur, G., Siddique, R., Rajor, A. Micro-structural and metal leachate analysis of concrete made with fungal-treated waste foundry sand, Construction and Building Materials, 38, 94-100, 2013.
[24] Etxeberria, M., Pacheco, C., Meneses, J.M. ve Berridi, I. Properties of concrete using metallurgical industrial by-products as aggregates, Construction and Building Material, 24, 1594-1600, 2010.
[25] Monosi, S., Sani, D. ve Tittarelli, F. Used foundry sand in cement mortars and concrete production, The Open Waste Management Journal, 3, 18-25, 2010.
[26] APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 2005.
[27] Dungan, S.R., Kukier, U. ve Lee, B. Blending foundry sands with soil: Effect on dehydrogenase activity, Science of the Total Environment, 357(1-3), 221-230, 2006.
[28] Deng, A. ve Tikalsky, P.J. Geotechnical and leaching properties of flowable fill incorporating waste foundry sand, Waste Management, 28, 2161-2170, 2008.
[29] Regan, R.W., Heaney, M. ve Dunkelberger, J.A. Weighing sand reuse options from the customer's perspective, Modern Casting, 87, 45-47, 1997.
[30] Solmaz, P., Benli, B., Lav, M.A., Çelik, M.S. ve Lav, A.H. Atık döküm kumunun geçirimsiz perde yapılarak tekrar kullanımı, 2. Uluslararası Döküm ve Çevre Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, 24- 26 Ekim, İstanbul, 2007.
[31] TÜDOKSAD. Kişisel görüşme, Türkiye Döküm Sanayicileri Derneği, İstanbul, 2011.
[32] Khatib, J.M, Baig, S., Bougara, A. ve Booth, C. Foundry sand utilisation in concrete production, 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies, 28-30 Haziran, Ancona, Italy, 2010.
[33] Bakis, R., Koyuncu, H. ve Demirbas, A. An investigation of waste foundry sand in asphalt concrete mixtures, Waste Management Resources, 24, 269-274, 2006.
[34] Yalçın, M., Güney, Y., Koyuncu, H. ve Baş, Ö.F. Atık döküm kumunun betonda kullanılabilirliği, 5. Ulusal Beton Kongresi, 1-3 Ekim, İstanbul, 2003.
[35] Mroueh, U., Wahlstrom, M. By-products and recycled materials in earth construction in Finland: An assessment of applicability, Res. Conser. and Recycling, 35, 117-129, 2002.
[36] Naik, T.R., Kraus, R.N., Chun, Y.M., Ramme, W.B., Singh, S.S. Properties of field manufactured cast-concrete products utilizing recycled materials, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 15(4), 400-407, 2003.
[37] Erdoğan, T.Y. Beton, ODTÜ Geliştirme Vakfı Yayıncılık ve İletişim A.Ş., Ankara, 2007.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Chemical Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Hatice Merve Başar This is me
Türkiye

Nuran Deveci Aksoy This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 1, 2013

Submission Date

May 22, 2013

Acceptance Date

August 13, 2013

Published in Issue

Year 2013 Volume: 31 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Başar, H. M., & Deveci Aksoy, N. (2013). INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 31(4), 517-528. https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ

AMA

1.Başar HM, Deveci Aksoy N. INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE. SIGMA. 2013;31(4):517-528. https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ

Chicago

Başar, Hatice Merve, and Nuran Deveci Aksoy. 2013. “INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 31 (4): 517-28. https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ.

EndNote

Başar HM, Deveci Aksoy N (December 1, 2013) INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 31 4 517–528.

IEEE

[1]H. M. Başar and N. Deveci Aksoy, “INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE”, SIGMA, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 517–528, Dec. 2013, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ

ISNAD

Başar, Hatice Merve - Deveci Aksoy, Nuran. “INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences 31/4 (December 1, 2013): 517-528. https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ.

JAMA

1.Başar HM, Deveci Aksoy N. INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE. SIGMA. 2013;31:517–528.

MLA

Başar, Hatice Merve, and Nuran Deveci Aksoy. “INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE”. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 31, no. 4, Dec. 2013, pp. 517-28, https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ.

Vancouver

1.Hatice Merve Başar, Nuran Deveci Aksoy. INVESTIGATION OF USABILITY OF WASTE FOUNDRY SAND IN READY-MIXED CONCRETE. SIGMA [Internet]. 2013 Dec. 1;31(4):517-28. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA82HG25MZ