Trace and toxic elements in the waters of a contaminated watershed in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 38 Issue: 1, 383 - 392, 27.03.2020

Cem Tokatlı Esengül Köse Arzu Çiçek Özgür Emiroğlu

Abstract

Ergene River Basin is the main fluvial habitat of Thrace Part of Marmara region and known as one of the most polluted river ecosystems of Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of Ergene River Basin components (Meriç and Ergene Rivers and 10 most significant tributaries of the basin) by investigating 25 trace and toxic element concentrations (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Ba, Tl and Pb). Water samples were collected in rainy season (spring) of 2018 from 21 stations and element levels were investigated by using an ICP-MS. Cluster Analysis (CA) was used to classify the investigated trace and toxic elements in terms of accumulation levels in the waters of Ergene River Basin and to classify the investigated stations in terms of contamination levels. According to the results of element analysis, Ergene River has Class II and Çorlu Stream has Class III water quality in terms of nickel and chromium parameters. Almost all the investigated watershed elements have Class III and Ergene River and Çorlu Stream have Class IV water quality in terms of selenium parameter. According to the results of elemental CA, 4 statistically significant clusters were formed, which were named as "Most intense elements", "Second most intense elements", "Moderate intense elements" and "Rarest elements". According to the results of locational CA, 3 statistically significant clusters were formed, which were named as "Less contaminated regions", "Moderate contaminated regions" and "Most contaminated regions".

Keywords

Ergene river basin, trace and toxic elements, water quality, cluster analysis.

References

• [1] Anonymous (2005). Edirne İl Çevre Durum Raporu. Edirne Valiliği İl Çevre Ve Orman Müdürlüğü.
• [2] APHA (American Public Health Association) (1992). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. In A.E. Greenberg, A.E., Clesceri, L.S. and Eato, A.D. (eds.) American Public Health Association, 18th ed.,Washington, U.S.A.
• [3] ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (2003). Toxicological Profile for Selenium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
• [4] ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (2005). Toxicological Profile for Nickel. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
• [5] ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) (2012). Toxicological Profile for Chromium. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
• [6] Belkhiri, L., Narany, T. S. (2015). Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Geostatistical Techniques and Structural Equation Modeling to Identify Spatial Variability of Groundwater Quality. Water Resources Management, 29 (6): 2073–2089.
• [7] Çiçek, A., Köse, E., Tokatlı, C. (2019). Use of Factor Analysis to Evaluate The Sediment Quality of a Significant Mining Area: Seydisuyu Stream Basin (Turkey). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28 (3): 2021-2025.
• [8] Elipek, B. Ç., Arslan, N., Kirgiz, T., Öterler, B., Güher, H., Özkan, N. (2010). Analysis of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Relation to Environmental Variables of Lake Gala, a National Park of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 10: 235-243.
• [9] Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) METHOD 200.7. (2001). Determination Of Metals And Trace Elements In Water And Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry.
• [10] Güher, H., Erdoğan, S., Kırgız, T., Elipek, B. Ç. (2011). The Dynamics of Zooplankton in National Park of Lake Gala (Edirne-Turkey). Acta zool. bulg., 63 (2), 157-168.
• [11] Hallı, M., Sarı, E., Kurt, M. A. (2014). Assessment of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Sediments of the Ergene River, Turkey. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23(5):1581–1590.
• [12] Kahraman, A. C., Özkul, M. (2018). Ergene Havzasi Koruma Eylem Planı Durum Değerlendirme Raporu. Marmara Belediyeler Birliği Çevre Yönetimi Koordinatörlüğü.
• [13] Kibaroğlu, A. (2008). Meriç Nehir Havzası Sınıraşan Su Politikaları. 5. Dünya Su Forumu, Türkiye Bölgesel Su Toplantıları: Taşkın Konferansı, 19-20 Haziran 2008, Edirne.
• [14] Köse, E., Tokatlı, C., Çiçek, A. (2014). Monitoring Stream Water Quality: A Statistical Evaluation. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 23 (5): 1637-1647.
• [15] Massoudieh, A., Bombardelli, F. A., Ginn, T. R. (2010). A biogeochemical model of contaminant fate and transport in river waters and sediments. J. Contam. Hydrol. 112, 103–117.
• [16] SKKY (Su Kirliliği Kontrol Yönetmeliği) (2015). Yüzeysel Su Kalitesi Yönetimi Yönetmeliğinde Değişiklik Yapılmasına Dair Yönetmelik. Yayımlandığı Resmi Gazete: Tarih 15 Nisan 2015, Resmi Gazete No: 29327].
• [17] Shrestha, S., Kazama, F. (2007). Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji river basin; Japan. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22, 464–475.
• [18] Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L.S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
• [19] Tiri, A., Lahbari, N., Boudoukha, A. (2017). Assessment of the quality of water by hierarchical cluster and variance analyses of the Koudiat Medouar Watershed, East Algeria. Applied Water Science, 7 (8): 4197–4206.
• [20] Tokatlı, C. (2017). Bio – Ecological and Statistical Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals in Sediments of a Worldwide Important Wetland: Gala Lake National Park (Turkey). Archives of Environmental Protection, 43 (1): 34-47.
• [21] Tokatlı, C. (2018). Essential and Toxic Element Bioaccumulations in Fishes of Gala and Siğirci Lakes (Meriç River Delta, Turkey). Acta Alimentaria, 47 (4): 470-478.
• [22] Tokatlı, C. (2019a). Sediment Quality of Ergene River Basin: Bio – Ecological Risk Assessment of Toxic Metals. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191 (11): 1-12.
• [23] Tokatlı, C. (2019b). Use of the Potential Ecological Risk Index for Sediment Quality Assessment: A Case Study of Dam Lakes in the Thrace Part of the Marmara Region. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 34 (3): 90-95.
• [24] Tokatlı, C. (2019c). Water and Sediment Quality Assessment of the Lifeblood of Thrace Region (Turkey): Meriç River Basin. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 28 (5): 4131-4140.
• [25] Tokatlı, C., Baştatlı, Y. (2016). Trace and Toxic Element Levels in River Sediments. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25 (4): 1715-1720.
• [26] TZOB (Türkiye Ziraat Odaları Birliği) (2003). Çeltik Çalışma Grubu Raporu. Sayı 1.
• [27] Yu, G. B., Liu, Y., Yua, S., Wuc, S.C., Leung A. O. W., Luo, X. S., Xua, B., Li, H. B., Wongc, M. H. (2011). Inconsistency and comprehensiveness of risk assessments for heavy metals in urban surface sediments. Chemosphere, 85, 1080–1087.