Evaluation of energy consumption and noise reduction change of a strengthened building: An educational building case

Year 2024, Volume: 42 Issue: 4, 1245 - 1260, 01.08.2024

Seda Yüksel Dicle , Fatma Zoroğlu , Ahmet Bircan Atmaca , Neşe Yüğrük Akdağ , Gülay Zorer Gedik

Abstract

The buildings in various geographical conditions are strengthened due to different reasons, such as earthquakes, fire, or deterioration. One of the important issues is that comfort levels are ensured, and energy consumption is kept at a minimum in educational buildings where renovation and strengthening work is being carried out. In this study, in terms of energy consumption and acoustic comfort, a method is proposed to examine a building damaged in an earthquake and then strengthened. The method has also been created and implemented to provide control and improvement suggestions in terms of thermal and acoustic conditions in strengthening projects of buildings. As a case study, the pre- and post-reinforcement situation of an educational building in a temperate humid climate has been evaluated. In addition, different glazing scenarios that reduce energy consumption while increasing facade noise reduction have been developed and analyzed. The results showed that while sufficient noise reduction is achieved in the building envelope, there is a 15.9% reduction in the total energy consumption of the building. The optimum scenario decreased total energy consumption by 19.4 % in B113 and 26 % in B114 and increased the facade noise reduction levels by 14.2 dB in B113 and 15 dB in B114. The proposed method and the findings will contribute to the design process of newly designed, renovated, and strengthened buildings in terms of energy efficiency and indoor acoustical comfort.

Keywords

Classroom, Educational Building, Energy Efficient Design, Noise Reduction Level, Strengthened Buildings

References

• REFERENCES
• [1] Zomorodian ZS, Tahsildoost M. Assessment of window performance in classrooms by long term spatial comfort metrics. Energy Build 2017;134:80–93. [CrossRef]
• [2] Huang L, Zhu Y, Ouyang Q, Cao B. A study on the effects of thermal, luminous, and acoustic environments on indoor environmental comfort in offices. Build Environ 2012;49:304309. [CrossRef]
• [3] Paschoalin Filho JA, Guerner Dias AJ, Storopoli JH, Ghermandi A, de Carvalho HC. Relationship between environmental indoor conditions of a classroom and the performance of undergraduate students. Int J Archit Res 2022;16:359–377. [CrossRef]
• [4] Shrestha M, Rijal HB, Kayo G, Shukuya M. A field investigation on adaptive thermal comfort in school buildings in the temperate climatic region of Nepal. Build Environ 2021;190:107523. [CrossRef]
• [5] Subhashini S, Thirumaran K. A passive design solution to enhance thermal comfort in an educational building in the warm humid climatic zone of Madurai. J Build Eng 2018;18:395–407. [CrossRef]
• [6] Lakhdari K, Sriti L, Painter B. Parametric optimization of daylight, thermal and energy performance of middle school classrooms, case of hot and dry regions. Build Environ 2021;204:108173. [CrossRef]
• [7] Ou Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu S. A review on the current condition and control of campus noise pollution in central region of China. E3S Web Conf 2021;269:1010. [CrossRef]
• [8] Yılmaz Karaman O, Berber Üçkaya N. Acoustic comfort in lecture halls: The Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Architecture. Megaron 2015;10:503521. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
• [9] Catalina T, Iordache V. IEQ assessment on schools in the design stage. Build Environ 2012;49:129–140. [CrossRef]
• [10] Turkish Building Sector. Energy efficiency technology atlas - Executive summary and roadmap. Available at: https://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2019-en-turkish-building-sector.pdf. Accessed on Jul 1, 2024.
• [11] Zoroğlu F, Gedik G. An evaluation of thermal comfort conditions in shopping malls in İstanbul. In proceedings of the International Research Conference on Sustainable Energy, Engineering, Materials and
• Environment; 2017 Jul 2628; Newcastle, United Kingdom. 2017.
• [12] Ali H, Hashlamun R. Envelope retrofitting strategies for public school buildings in Jordan. J Build Eng 2019;25:100819. [CrossRef]
• [13] Republic of Turkey, Ministry of National Education. Istanbul/Beşiktaş Sakıp Sabancı Anatolian High School Available at: http://sabancilisesi.meb.k12.tr/tema/index.php. Accessed on Nov 1, 2021.
• [14] Unver R, Öztürk L, Adıgüzel Ş, Çelik Ö. Effect of the facade alternatives on the daylight illuminance in offices. Energy Build 2003;35:737–746. [CrossRef]
• [15] Lai ACK, Mui KW, Wong LT, Law LY. An evaluation model for indoor environmental quality (IEQ) acceptance in residential buildings. Energy Build 2009;41:930–936. [CrossRef]
• [16] Atmaca AB, Zoroğlu Çaǧlar F, Rengin Ünver F, Zorer Gedik G. A method for determining and improving the visual comfort change in strengthened buildings: educational building-the example of classroom. J Fac Eng Archit Gazi Univ 2022;37:1915–1930. [Turkish] [CrossRef]
• [17] Akdaǧ NY. A simple method to determinate required Rtr values of building envelope components against road traffic noise. Build Environ 2004;39:1327–1332. [CrossRef]
• [18] Guan H, Hu S, Lu M, He M, Mao Z, Liu G. People’s subjective and physiological responses to the combined thermal-acoustic environments. Build Environ 2020;172:106709. [CrossRef]
• [19] Yun GY, McEvoy M, Steemers K. Design and overall energy performance of a ventilated photovoltaic façade. Sol Energy 2007;81:383–394. [CrossRef]
• [20] Alonso A, Suárez R, Patricio J, Escandón R, Sendra JJ. Acoustic retrofit strategies of windows in facades of residential buildings: Requirements and recommendations to reduce exposure to environmental noise. J Build Eng 2021;41:102773. [CrossRef]
• [21] Balasbaneh AT, Yeoh D, Abidin ARZ. Life cycle sustainability assessment of window renovations in schools against noise pollution in tropical climates. J Build Eng 2020;32:101784. [CrossRef]
• [22] Yıldız Y, Göksal Özbalta T, Durmuş Arsan Z. Impact of window-to-wall surface area for different window glass types and wall orientations on building energy performance: A case study for a school building located in Izmir, Turkey. Megaron 2011;6:30–38. [Turkish]
• [23] Alwetaishi M. Impact of glazing to wall ratio in various climatic regions: A case study. J King Saud Univ Eng Sci 2019;31:6–18. [CrossRef]
• [24] Alwetaishi M, Taki A. Investigation into energy performance of a school building in a hot climate: Optimum of window-to-wall ratio. Indoor Built Environ 2020;29:24–39. [CrossRef]
• [25] Avsar Y, Gönüllü M. A map preparation for outdoor noises of educational buildings in fatih district of İstanbul. In proceedings of the International Symposium on Noise Control and Acoustics for Educational Buildings; 2000 May 24, İstanbul, Türkiye. 2000.
• [26] Yang HS, Cho HM, Kim MJ. On-site measurements for noise reduction through open windows of classrooms with different building dispositions. Appl Acoust 2018;139:165–173. [CrossRef]
• [27] Shield BM, Dockrell JE. The effects of noise on children at school: A review. Build Acoust 2003;10:97–116. [CrossRef]
• [28] Atmaca AB, Akdağ NY, Ünver R, Gedik GZ. Evaluation of building envelope in terms of acoustical, visual and thermal comfort in educational buildings: A secondary school example. In proceedings of the 3rd National Building Physics and Environmental Control Congress; 2018 May 10-11; İstanbul, Türkiye. 2018.
• [29] DesignBuilder Software n.d. Available at: https://designbuilder.co.uk/ Accessed on Oct 19, 2021.
• [30] KS-Schallschutzrechner Version 8.00. Available at: https://www.kalksandstein.de/service-und-aktuelles/news/ks-schallschutzrechner-version-800-veroeffentlicht Accessed on Oct 19, 2021.
• [31] EN ISO 12354-3:2017 Building acoustics - Estimation of acoustic performance of buildings from the performance of elements. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/70244.html. Accessed on Jul 1, 2024.
• [32] EnegyPlus. Weather data file – İstanbul. Available at: https://energyplus.net/weather-search/istanbul. Accessed on Jul 17, 2021.
• [33] EN ISO 12464-1:2011 Light and lighting-Lighting of work places Part 1 : Indoor work places. Available at: https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/cen/75239d59-3e2c-4c3a-b262-e1a80fe62a6e/en- 12464-1-2011. Accessed on Jul 1, 2024.
• [34] İBB Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Dairesi Başkanlığı. Noise maps – İstanbul. Available at: https://cevrekoruma.ibb.istanbul/gurultu-haritalari. Accessed on Aug 18, 2021.
• [35] Ministry of Environment Urbanization and Climate Change. Binaların gürültüye karşı koruması hakkında yönetmelik – Birinci bölüm. Available at: https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/05/20170531- 7.htm. Accessed on Jul 1, 2024.
• [36] European Cooperation In Science & Technology. Building acoustics throughout Europe Volume 1: Towards a common framework in building acoustics throughout Europe. Available at: https://www.cost.eu/publication/building-acoustics-throughout-europe-volume-1-towards-a-common-framework-in-building-acoustics-throughout-europe/. Accessed on Jul 1, 2024.