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Öğrencileşmenin Yerleşik Bir Şehrin Sürdürülebilir Planlaması ve Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2022, , 88 - 110, 23.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8069958

Abstract

Bu çalışma kapsamında Güney Afrika'daki Kimberley gibi köklü bir kentin sürdürülebilir planlaması ve kalkınması üzerinde öğrencileşmenin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Kimberley 1871 yılında bir elmas madeni kasabası olarak kurulmuştur ve 2013 yılında şehirde yeni bir üniversite kurulması için ulusal bir karar alınmıştır. Araştırma, öğrencileşmenin etkilerini incelemiş ve kampüs dışı öğrenci barınması ve Kimberley'in Yerel Ekonomik Kalkınmasını (LED) teşvik etmek için önerilerle sonuçlanmıştır.

Öğrencileştirme, öğrencilerin ve üniversite personelinin yoğun bir şekilde gelmesiyle üniversitenin çevresindeki mahallelerin dönüştürülmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Öğrencileşme, üniversite bölgelerindeki öğrenci sayısındaki artışı ifade eder ve bu artış kentsel alanın sosyo-ekonomik ve fiziksel yönlerini etkiler. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma fiziksel altyapı ve arazi kullanımlarına odaklanacak ve öğrencileşmenin Kimberley'in kentsel sosyal alanları ile ekonomik ve çevresel yönleri üzerindeki etkisini belirleyecektir. Çalışma ayrıca farklı öğrenci barınma ihtiyaçlarını kategorize edecek ve bu öğrenci barınma ihtiyaçlarını ele alacaktır.

Bu araştırma, deneysel olmayan bir yaklaşım benimsemekte ve araştırmayı iyi anlayan ve çalışma için bir değer olarak görülen belirli kişilerle yapılan görüşmelerden oluşan niteliksel araştırma metodoloji benimsemektedir. Bununla birlikte, çalışmada kullanılan veriler birden fazla kaynak aracılığıyla toplanmış ve birincil ve ikincil veri kaynağı olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Birincil veri toplama süreci seçilen 17 kişiyle yapılan mülakatlardan oluşurken, ikincil veri toplama süreci ise ilgili literatürün taranması ve politikaların incelenmesi olmuş ve Kimberley’e ilişkin istatistiklerinin analiz edilmesi gibi önceden var olan verilere odaklanılmıştır.

İkincil veri toplamanın bir parçası olarak, çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde sürdürülebilir planlama ve kalkınma ile öğrenci barınma konularına yansıyan öğrencileşme üzerine mevcut literatür sunulmuştur. Bu hususların gözden geçirilmesi, çalışma ile ilgili konuların geniş bir şekilde anlaşılmasını sağlamıştır. Ardından, üçüncü bölümde Güney Afrika'da öğrencileşme ve öğrenci barınmasını yöneten mevcut ulusal ve yerel mevzuat, stratejiler, planlar ve programlar gözden geçirilmiştir. Bu süreçlerin gözden geçirilmesi, öğrencileşmenin Kimberley'in mevcut arazi kullanımı, altyapısı, yerel ekonomik kalkınma, emlak değerleri ve öğrencilerin çeşitli barınma ihtiyaçları ve bunların nasıl karşılanabileceği üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesini sağlamıştır.

Ampirik araştırma, öğrencileşmenin Kimberley'in sürdürülebilir planlama ve kalkınması üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için iki bölümde ele alınmıştır. Profesyonel şehir plancıları, SPU Kıdemli Müdürü ve Öğrenci Destek ve Fiziksel Planlama ve Altyapı Direktörü ve çevre mahallelerdeki sakinlerle yapılan görüşmeler yoluyla toplanan birincil veriler analiz edilmiştir. Bu kişisel mülakat soruları, çalışmanın üç araştırma sorusunu yanıtlamak üzere formüle edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, bu görüşmeler analiz edilerek Kimberley'de öğrencileştirmeye yönelik problemler ve öneriler belirlenmiştir.

Daha sonra, belirlenen problemler ve önerilerle birlikte, kampüs dışı öğrenci barınması için planlama politikası çerçeveleri ve yenilikler olmak üzere iki öneri formüle edilmiştir. Bu iki öneri Kimberley'in öğrencileşmesini olumlu yönde etkileyeceği ve kampüs dışı öğrenci konaklamasını teşvik edeceği düşünülmektedir.

References

  • Ackermann, A. and Visser, G. 2016. “Studentification in Bloemfontein, South Africa.” Bulletin of Geography, Socio-economic Series, 31(31), 7-17.
  • Bhattacherjee, A. 2012. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Textbooks Collection 3. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3
  • Biermann, F., Kanie, N. and Kim, R. E. 2017. “Global Governance by Goal-setting: The Novel Approach of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 26(1), 26-31.
  • Bondinuba, F. K., Nimako, S. G. and Karley, N. K. 2013. “Developing Student Housing Quality Scale in Higher Institutions of Learning: A Factor Analysis Approach.” Urban Studies Research, 38319(1), 11.
  • Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. 1996.
  • Daas, P. and Arends-Tóth, J. 2012. Secondary Data Collection. Statistics Netherlands. The Hague.
  • Department of Higher Education (South Africa). 2013, August 22. Establishment of a Public University in terms of Section 20 of the Higher Education Act, 1997 (Act no. 101 of 1997). Government Gazette, 36771, p630.
  • Department of Higher Education (South Africa). 2015. Ministerial Committee for the Review of the Provision of Student Housing at South African Universities. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/ministerial-committee-report-student-housing0.pdf
  • DiNapoli, B. and Jull, M. 2020. “Urban Planning Sustainability Metrics for Arctic Cities.” Environmental Research Letters, 15(12), 124023.
  • Donaldson, R., Benn, J., Campbell, M. and de Jager, A. 2014. “Reshaping Urban Space through Studentification in two South African Urban Centres.” Urbani Izziv, 25(1), 176-188.
  • Elliott, J. 2012. An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Routledge.
  • Ghunmi, L. A., Zeeman, G., Fayyad, M. and van Lier, J. B. 2011. “Grey Water Treatment Systems: A Review.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41(7), 657-698.
  • He, S. and Lin, G. CS. 2015. “Producing and Consuming China’s New Urban Space: State, Market and Society.” Urban Studies, 52(15): 2757-2773. https://doi.org/10.1177/004209801560481
  • Matamanda, A., Dube, T. And Campbell, M. 2021. “Studentification and Its Interplay on Urban Form and Urban Policy: Reflection from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.” in A. R. Matamanda, V. Nel and I. Chirisa (Eds.), Urban Geography in Postcolonial Zimbabwe: Paradigms and Perspectives for Sustainable Urban Planning and Governance, 57-75. Springer.
  • Higher Education Act 101 of 1997. 1997.
  • Huxley, M. and Inch, A. 2020. “Urban Planning.” In A. Kobayashi (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition).
  • John L. 2012. Secondary Cities in South Africa: The Start of a Conversation. The Background Report. https://juta.co.za/media/filestore/2013/10/State_of_the_Cities_Report2012.pdf
  • La Roche, C. R., Flanigan, M. A. and Copeland Jr, P. K. 2010. “Student Housing: Trends, Preferences and Needs.” Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 3(10), 45-50.
  • Martin, J. and Allen, M. 2009. “Students in my Backyard: Housing at the Campus Edge and Other Emerging Trends in Residential Development.” Planning for Higher Education, 37(2), 34.
  • Merriam, S. B. and Tisdell, E. J. 2015. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Najib, N. M., Yusof, N. and Osman, Z. 2011. “The Relationship between Students’ Socio-economic Backgrounds and Student Residential Satisfaction.” World Academy of Science, Engineering, & Technology, 80(1), 1200-1205.
  • Nakazawa, T. 2017. “Expanding the Scope of Studentification Studies.” Geography Compass, 11(1), e12300.
  • Ndimande, N. P. 2018. “Student Housing and the slummiƒOcation of the University of Zululand Village in KwaDlangezwa, South Africa.” Human Geographies, 12(1), 23-40.
  • Orum, A. M. 2019. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Urban and Regional Studies. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Prada, J. 2019. “Understanding Studentification Dynamics in low-income Neighbourhoods: Students as Gentrifiers in Concepcion (Chile).” Urban Studies, 56(14), 2863-2879.
  • Pui, D. Y., Cao, J., An, Z. and Wang, J. 2014. “Great Wall of Solar Panels to Mitigate Yellow Dust Storm.” Particuology, 13(1), 146-150.
  • Qu, S.Q. and Dumay, J. 2011. "The Qualitative Research Interview." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 8(3), 238-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/11766091111162070
  • Revington, N., Moos, M., Henry, J. and Haider, R. 2020. “The Urban Dormitory: Planning, Studentification, and the Construction of an Off-campus Student Housing Market.” International Planning Studies, 25(2), 189-205.
  • Rinn, A. 2004. “Academic and Social Effects of Living in Honors Residence Halls.” Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council--Online Archive, 173(1), 67-80.
  • Romero-Lankao, P., Gnatz, D. M., Wilhelmi, O. and Hayden, M. 2016. “Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice.” Sustainability, 8(12), 1224.
  • Salkind, N.J. 2018. Economic and Management Research for HMEMS80. Pearson.
  • Sanni-Anibire, M. O. and Hassanain, M. A. 2016. “Quality Assessment of Student Housing Facilities through Post-occupancy Evaluation.” Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 12(5), 367-380.
  • Smith, D. P. 2009. “‘Student Geographies’, Urban Restructuring, and the Expansion of Higher Education.” Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1795-1804.
  • Smith, D. P., Sage, J. and Balsdon, S. 2014. “The Geographies of Studentification: ‘here, there and everywhere’?” Geography, 99(3), 116-127.
  • Smith, D.P. and Hubbard, P. 2014. “The Segregation of Educated Youth and Dynamic Geographies of Studentification” Area, 46(1): 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12054
  • Sol Plaatje SDF (Spatial Development Framework). 2008. https://nc.spisys.gov.za/SDF%20Combined%20(reduced).pdf
  • Soria, K. M. and Taylor Jr, L. 2016. “Strengths-Based Approaches in College and University Student Housing: Implications for First-Year Students' Retention and Engagement.” Journal of College & University Student Housing, 42(2).
  • SPLUMA (Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act) 16 of 2013.
  • UN (United Nations). 2021. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
  • Weele, G. and Maree, G. 2016. “Chapter 2: Sustainability.” in 2nd South Africa Environment Outlook. A Report on the State of the Environment. Department of Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa.

The Impact of Studentification on the Sustainable Planning and Development of an Established City

Year 2022, , 88 - 110, 23.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8069958

Abstract

Kimberley was established in 1871 when the first diamond was found in the Kimberley region and then in 2013, the construction of Sol Plaatje University started, and in 2014, they enrolled their first students. Therefore, this study will determine the impact of studentification on Kimberley’s sustainable planning and development. Studentification can be defined as transforming the university’s surrounding neighbourhoods with the influx of students and university staff. Studentification refers to the increase in the number of students in the university areas, as these increases impact the socio-economic and physical aspects of the urban space. Thus, this study will focus on the physical infrastructure and land uses and determine the impact of studentification on Kimberley’s urban social spaces and economic and environmental aspects. The study will also categorise different student housing needs and address these student accommodation needs.

This research will adopt a non-experimental approach, which will adopt a qualitative methodology consisting of interviews with specific individuals as a purposeful selection of these individuals who have a good understanding of the research and will be seen as an asset to the study. Nevertheless, the data will be collected through multiple sources and divided into primary and secondary data collection. The primary collection of data will consist of the interview process of 17 specific individuals, and the secondary collection of data will focus on pre-existing data as reviewing of literature and policies and analysing statistics of Kimberley. This is just a brief understanding of the methodology of the study.

As part of the secondary data collection, section 2 illustrates the existing literature on studentification reflection on sustainable planning and development and student housing. Reviewing these aspects will provide a broad understanding of the topics relevant to the study. Then, section 3 will review the existing national and provincial legislation, strategies, plans and programmes that govern studentification and student accommodation in South Africa. Reviewing these processes will focus on determining the effects of studentification on Kimberley’s current land uses, infrastructure, Local Economic Development, property values, and the various housing needs of students and how these can be accommodated.

The empirical investigation will be divided into two sections to determine the impact of studentification on Kimberley's sustainable planning and development. Analysed the primary data collected through interviews with professional planners, SPU Senior Manager and Student Support and Physical Planning and Infrastructure Director, and residents in surrounding neighbourhoods. These personal interview questions will be formulated to answer the three research questions of the study. Nevertheless, analysing these interviews, they have identified challenges and recommendations for studentification in Kimberley.

Then, with the identified challenges and recommendations, two proposals will be formulated, planning policy frameworks and innovations for off-campus student housing. These two proposals would positively affect Kimberley's studentification and promote off-campus student accommodation.

References

  • Ackermann, A. and Visser, G. 2016. “Studentification in Bloemfontein, South Africa.” Bulletin of Geography, Socio-economic Series, 31(31), 7-17.
  • Bhattacherjee, A. 2012. Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. Textbooks Collection 3. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3
  • Biermann, F., Kanie, N. and Kim, R. E. 2017. “Global Governance by Goal-setting: The Novel Approach of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 26(1), 26-31.
  • Bondinuba, F. K., Nimako, S. G. and Karley, N. K. 2013. “Developing Student Housing Quality Scale in Higher Institutions of Learning: A Factor Analysis Approach.” Urban Studies Research, 38319(1), 11.
  • Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. 1996.
  • Daas, P. and Arends-Tóth, J. 2012. Secondary Data Collection. Statistics Netherlands. The Hague.
  • Department of Higher Education (South Africa). 2013, August 22. Establishment of a Public University in terms of Section 20 of the Higher Education Act, 1997 (Act no. 101 of 1997). Government Gazette, 36771, p630.
  • Department of Higher Education (South Africa). 2015. Ministerial Committee for the Review of the Provision of Student Housing at South African Universities. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/ministerial-committee-report-student-housing0.pdf
  • DiNapoli, B. and Jull, M. 2020. “Urban Planning Sustainability Metrics for Arctic Cities.” Environmental Research Letters, 15(12), 124023.
  • Donaldson, R., Benn, J., Campbell, M. and de Jager, A. 2014. “Reshaping Urban Space through Studentification in two South African Urban Centres.” Urbani Izziv, 25(1), 176-188.
  • Elliott, J. 2012. An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Routledge.
  • Ghunmi, L. A., Zeeman, G., Fayyad, M. and van Lier, J. B. 2011. “Grey Water Treatment Systems: A Review.” Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41(7), 657-698.
  • He, S. and Lin, G. CS. 2015. “Producing and Consuming China’s New Urban Space: State, Market and Society.” Urban Studies, 52(15): 2757-2773. https://doi.org/10.1177/004209801560481
  • Matamanda, A., Dube, T. And Campbell, M. 2021. “Studentification and Its Interplay on Urban Form and Urban Policy: Reflection from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.” in A. R. Matamanda, V. Nel and I. Chirisa (Eds.), Urban Geography in Postcolonial Zimbabwe: Paradigms and Perspectives for Sustainable Urban Planning and Governance, 57-75. Springer.
  • Higher Education Act 101 of 1997. 1997.
  • Huxley, M. and Inch, A. 2020. “Urban Planning.” In A. Kobayashi (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition).
  • John L. 2012. Secondary Cities in South Africa: The Start of a Conversation. The Background Report. https://juta.co.za/media/filestore/2013/10/State_of_the_Cities_Report2012.pdf
  • La Roche, C. R., Flanigan, M. A. and Copeland Jr, P. K. 2010. “Student Housing: Trends, Preferences and Needs.” Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER), 3(10), 45-50.
  • Martin, J. and Allen, M. 2009. “Students in my Backyard: Housing at the Campus Edge and Other Emerging Trends in Residential Development.” Planning for Higher Education, 37(2), 34.
  • Merriam, S. B. and Tisdell, E. J. 2015. Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Najib, N. M., Yusof, N. and Osman, Z. 2011. “The Relationship between Students’ Socio-economic Backgrounds and Student Residential Satisfaction.” World Academy of Science, Engineering, & Technology, 80(1), 1200-1205.
  • Nakazawa, T. 2017. “Expanding the Scope of Studentification Studies.” Geography Compass, 11(1), e12300.
  • Ndimande, N. P. 2018. “Student Housing and the slummiƒOcation of the University of Zululand Village in KwaDlangezwa, South Africa.” Human Geographies, 12(1), 23-40.
  • Orum, A. M. 2019. The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Urban and Regional Studies. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Prada, J. 2019. “Understanding Studentification Dynamics in low-income Neighbourhoods: Students as Gentrifiers in Concepcion (Chile).” Urban Studies, 56(14), 2863-2879.
  • Pui, D. Y., Cao, J., An, Z. and Wang, J. 2014. “Great Wall of Solar Panels to Mitigate Yellow Dust Storm.” Particuology, 13(1), 146-150.
  • Qu, S.Q. and Dumay, J. 2011. "The Qualitative Research Interview." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, 8(3), 238-264. https://doi.org/10.1108/11766091111162070
  • Revington, N., Moos, M., Henry, J. and Haider, R. 2020. “The Urban Dormitory: Planning, Studentification, and the Construction of an Off-campus Student Housing Market.” International Planning Studies, 25(2), 189-205.
  • Rinn, A. 2004. “Academic and Social Effects of Living in Honors Residence Halls.” Journal of the National Collegiate Honors Council--Online Archive, 173(1), 67-80.
  • Romero-Lankao, P., Gnatz, D. M., Wilhelmi, O. and Hayden, M. 2016. “Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice.” Sustainability, 8(12), 1224.
  • Salkind, N.J. 2018. Economic and Management Research for HMEMS80. Pearson.
  • Sanni-Anibire, M. O. and Hassanain, M. A. 2016. “Quality Assessment of Student Housing Facilities through Post-occupancy Evaluation.” Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 12(5), 367-380.
  • Smith, D. P. 2009. “‘Student Geographies’, Urban Restructuring, and the Expansion of Higher Education.” Environment and Planning A, 41(8), 1795-1804.
  • Smith, D. P., Sage, J. and Balsdon, S. 2014. “The Geographies of Studentification: ‘here, there and everywhere’?” Geography, 99(3), 116-127.
  • Smith, D.P. and Hubbard, P. 2014. “The Segregation of Educated Youth and Dynamic Geographies of Studentification” Area, 46(1): 92-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12054
  • Sol Plaatje SDF (Spatial Development Framework). 2008. https://nc.spisys.gov.za/SDF%20Combined%20(reduced).pdf
  • Soria, K. M. and Taylor Jr, L. 2016. “Strengths-Based Approaches in College and University Student Housing: Implications for First-Year Students' Retention and Engagement.” Journal of College & University Student Housing, 42(2).
  • SPLUMA (Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act) 16 of 2013.
  • UN (United Nations). 2021. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
  • Weele, G. and Maree, G. 2016. “Chapter 2: Sustainability.” in 2nd South Africa Environment Outlook. A Report on the State of the Environment. Department of Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects City and Regional Planning
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dane Phillip Buttner This is me 0000-0002-9882-6526

Maléne Campbell This is me 0000-0002-7045-5946

Wessel Kruger This is me 0000-0003-3859-7335

Publication Date May 23, 2023
Submission Date April 5, 2022
Acceptance Date May 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Buttner, D. P., Campbell, M., & Kruger, W. (2023). The Impact of Studentification on the Sustainable Planning and Development of an Established City. Sketch: Journal of City and Regional Planning, 04(01-02), 88-110. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8069958