Akıllı Kentlerin Gelişimi ve Kent Planlama İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2020, Volume: 02 Issue: 02, 1 - 20, 30.08.2021

Dilan Gökalp Pervin Şenol

https://doi.org/10.5505/sjcrp.2021.43531

Abstract

Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojilerinin (BİT) gelişimi ile gündelik hayatın her aşamasında akıllı teknolojilerin kullanımı yaygınlaşmış, kentsel hizmet sunumları akıllı teknolojiler ile güncellenmeye başlanmış ve akıllı kent uygulamaları yaygınlık kazanmıştır. Büyük Veri (Big Data), Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) gibi teknolojik ilerlemeler, kentsel yapıların yeniden şekillendirilmesinde önemli rol oynamaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada; gelişen akıllı teknolojilerin, kentler üzerinde ve planlama sürecinde yeni bir dönemi başlatmakta olduğu kabul edilerek, akıllı kent uygulamalarının boyutu, niteliği ve planlama ile olan ilişkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında; akıllı kent uygulama örnekleri, yoğunlaştıkları kentler ile teknolojik ve hizmet alanları, dünya ülkelerinde yaygınlık düzeyi, akıllı kent uygulamalarının kentsel strateji ve politikalar ile ilişkisi ele alınmaktadır.

Dünya örnekleri üzerinden akıllı kent uygulamalarının incelenmesinde üç temel çerçeve ele alınmıştır: Akıllı kent uygulama bileşenleri (insan, çevre, ekonomi, yaşam, yönetişim, hareketlilik); kullanılan teknoloji desteği (BİT ve IoT); akıllı kent ilkeleri (sürdürülebilirlik, enerji verimliliği, veri gizliliği ve güvenlik, kurumlar arası işbirliği). Akıllı kent uygulamalarında dünyada ön sıralarda yer alan Barselona, Amsterdam, Masdar kentleri ve ön sıralarda yer almamakla birlikte Türkiye'de İstanbul kenti üzerinden akıllı kent politika ve stratejilerinin kapsamı ve kent planlama ile olan ilişkisi değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda; akıllı kent uygulamalarının kentsel ve ekolojik sorunların çözümüne parçacı yaklaştığı, kent planlama sürecine entegre olmadıkları, öncelikli stratejiler ve politikalarının, uygulama ölçeklerinin ve kullanılan teknoloji düzeylerinin farklılaştığı, kentsel planlama uygulamalarında standart bir çerçevenin olmadığı bulgularına ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Akıllı Kent, Kent Planlama, Akıllı Kent Stratejileri, Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları

An Evaluation on the Development of Smart Cities and Urban Planning Relationship

Abstract

The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has brought forward the use of smart technologies at every stage of daily life, as well as the updating of urban service provision with smart technologies, and the spread of smart city applications. Technological advances such as Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) have begun to play an important role in reshaping urban structures. In this study; it is aimed to examine the size, quality and relationship of smart city applications with urban planning, considering that developing smart technologies are starting a new era on cities and in the urban planning process. Scope of this work; smart city examples of the world, the cities where they are concentrated, their technological and service areas, the level of prevalence in world countries, the relationship of smart city applications with urban strategies and policies are discussed.

Three basic frameworks are discussed in the examination of smart city applications through world examples: Smart city components (human, environment, economy, life, governance, mobility); technology support used (ICT and IoT); smart city principles (sustainability, energy efficiency, data privacy and security, inter-agency cooperation). The scope of smart city policies and strategies and their relationship with urban planning are evaluated through the example of three cities (Barcelona, Amsterdam, Masdar) which are considered to be the world’s important smart cities, and as a Turkey’s smart city example Istanbul, although it is not a leading city. As a result of the research; it has been found that smart city applications approach the solution of urban and ecological problems partially, are not integrated into the urban planning process, priority strategies and policies, application scales and technology levels used differ, and there is no standard framework in urban planning applications.

Keywords

Smart City, Urban Planning, Smart City Strategies, Smart City Practices

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