Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP

Mustafa Tüker; Emre Karakış; Müge Sayıt

doi:10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041

Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP

Abstract

Video streaming performance is strongly influenced by transport-layer behavior under bandwidth constraints. This paper provides a protocol-oriented comparative analysis of four video transmission approaches: DASH streaming, TCP-based transmission, UDP-based transmission, and Big Packet Protocol (BPP) transmission with trimming support. Using a controlled experimental framework, we evaluate delivery continuity, quality variability, and low-latency playback behavior through throughput/bitrate dynamics, frame/layer reception patterns, and total pause duration. The results show that DASH achieves the most consistent playback continuity in moderate and time-varying conditions through segment-level adaptation, while BPP approaches DASH-level continuity in dynamic scenarios by enabling graceful degradation via trimming. UDP is highly sensitive to bandwidth limitation and loss, leading to unstable reception and persistent interruptions. TCP preserves constant decoded quality without switching due to retransmissions, but incurs the largest stall durations, making it less suitable for low-latency streaming targets. Overall, the findings highlight a fundamental trade-off between continuity and reliability and motivate practical guidance for selecting transmission mechanisms under both fixed and dynamic bottleneck conditions.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

121E373

Thanks

This study was partially conducted within the scope of the TÜBİTAK-supported project 121E373, “End-to-End Video Streaming and Multicast in Future Networks.” The authors gratefully acknowledge TÜBİTAK for its support.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Software Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Mustafa Tüker ^*
0000-0002-2459-4232
Türkiye

Emre Karakış
0000-0001-9825-2158
Türkiye

Müge Sayıt
0000-0002-7990-1463
Türkiye

Publication Date

April 15, 2026

Submission Date

March 16, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43GP44DF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Tüker, M., Karakış, E., & Sayıt, M. (2026). Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 9(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041

AMA

1.Tüker M, Karakış E, Sayıt M. Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP. Techno-Science. 2026;9(1):30-46. doi:10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041

Chicago

Tüker, Mustafa, Emre Karakış, and Müge Sayıt. 2026. “Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP”. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 9 (1): 30-46. https://doi.org/10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041.

EndNote

Tüker M, Karakış E, Sayıt M (April 1, 2026) Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 9 1 30–46.

IEEE

[1]M. Tüker, E. Karakış, and M. Sayıt, “Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP”, Techno-Science, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 30–46, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041.

ISNAD

Tüker, Mustafa - Karakış, Emre - Sayıt, Müge. “Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP”. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 9/1 (April 1, 2026): 30-46. https://doi.org/10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041.

JAMA

1.Tüker M, Karakış E, Sayıt M. Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP. Techno-Science. 2026;9:30–46.

MLA

Tüker, Mustafa, et al. “Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP”. Scientific Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, vol. 9, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 30-46, doi:10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041.

Vancouver

1.Mustafa Tüker, Emre Karakış, Müge Sayıt. Protocol-Oriented Comparative Analysis of Video Streaming over DASH, TCP, UDP, and BPP. Techno-Science. 2026 Apr. 1;9(1):30-46. doi:10.70030/sjmakeu.1911041