Food Security in Pakistan: Analyzing the Role of State in Providing Healthy Food

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 90 - 101, 30.12.2019

Hina Ali Fouzia Yasmin

Abstract

it is not just the quantity of the food that offer nourishment to the human body but the hygienic and pure food keeps a person appropriate in health. The need of the day is to analyze the concerns about food safety. These are not the but the economists are concerned about the healthy food provisions. In Pakistan the governments allocate a very small amount of funds for the sector and a minor and insignificant amount is allocated to ensure the safety and hygiene of the food available for consumption. The unhygienic food consumption led to the increase in extent of diseases resulting an increase in death rates. The research endeavors to aim found the intake of unhealthy food have dual impact one is by affecting the health conditions of the individuals and the productivity level of the individuals. Furthermore, the cost of government was also estimated in provision of the healthy food to everybody. The cost of monitoring the supply of healthy food to people is a challenge to the economy. It was recommended to ensure the supply of safe and hygienic food throughout the country in the best and cost-effective approach.

Keywords

Contaminated Food, Efficiency, , Growth of GDP, , Health Diseases, , Death Rate, , Food Supply

References

• [1]. WHO, (2001) . “Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development”. Report of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (Geneva: World Health Organization) [2]. Nutrition Survey of Pakistan, 2014. [3]. Strauss, J., and Thomas , D., (1998). Health, Nutrition and Economic Development. Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 766-817. [4]. Addison, T. (2002). Chronic poverty in the global economy. European Journal of Development Research, vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 174-178. [5]. Goldman, N. (2001). Social Inequalities in Health: Disentangling the Underlying Mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. pp. 118-139. [6]. Deaton, A., (2003). Health, Inequality, and Economic Development. Journal of Economic Literature, vol.41, pp. 113-158. [7]. Knowles, S., Owen, P. D. (1997). Education and Health in an Effective-Labour Empirical Growth Model. The Economic Record vol.73, pp. 314–328. [8]. Torero, M. (2016). “ Food security brings economic growth ---not the other way around”. IFPRI BLOG. [9]. Timmer, C. Peter, Walter P. Falcon, and Scott R. Pearson(1984). Food Policy Analysis, a World Bank publication. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 66(1), pp. 114-115. [10]. Leibenstien, H., (1957). Economic Backwardness and Economic Growth. New York: John Wiley and Sons. [11]. Mirlees, J.A., (1975). A Pure Underdeveloped Economics. Agriculture in Development Theory. New Haven, Yale University Press. [12]. Stiglitz, J., (1978). The Efficiency Wage Hypothesis, Surplus Labor and the Distribution of Income in LDCs. Oxford Economic Papers, 28(1978):185-207. [13]. Keys et al. (1944-1955), The Great Starvation Experiment. [14]. Dasgupta, P., (1993). An Inquiry into Well-Being and Destitution. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [15]. Chowdhury, A.K.M.A. and Chen, L.C., (1977) The Interaction of Nutrition, Infection and Mortality During Recent Food Crises in Bangladesh . Food Research Institute Studies. pp. 47-61. [16]. Svedberg, P., (1999). 841 Million Undernourished?. World Development. pp. 2081- 2098. [17]. Lewis, P.D., Balazs, R., Patel, A.J. and Jordan, T.C., (1986) . Undernutrition and Brain Development, in: F. Falkner and J.M. Tanner (eds) Human Growth 2nd edition (New York: Plenum Press), pp. 415-473. [18]. Politt, E., (1997). Iron Deficiency and Educational Deficiency. Nutritional Reviews. pp. 133-40. [19]. Politt, E., (2001).The Developmental and Probabilistic Nature of the Functional Consequences of Iron-Deficiency Anaemia in Children. The Journal of Nutrition. pp. 669-75. [20]. Bhargava, A. and Yu, J., (1997). A Longitudinal Analysis of Infant and Child Mortality Rates in Developing Countries. Indian Economic Review. Vol. 32, pp. 141-51. [21]. World Bank, (2004). World Development Indicators CD-ROM (Washington D.C.: World Bank). [22]. Ali, S., Farooq, F., & Chaudhry, I. S. (2014). “Human Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Pakistan.” Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS). Vol. 32(1), pp. 229-240. [23]. Amal, M., (2014). “Assessment of Food Quality”. World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development. Vol. 9(2) . [24]. Bhargava, A., Jamison, D.T., Lau, L.J. and Murray, C.J.L., (2001).“Modeling the Effects of Health on Economic Growth”. Journal of Health Economics. Vol. 20, pp. 423-40. [25]. Chakraborty, S. (2004). “Endogenous Lifetime and Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Theory, 116, pp. 119-137. [26]. Hall, R.E. and Jones, C.I. (1999). “Why do Some Countries Produce so Much More Output Per Worker Than Others?” Quarterly Journal of Economics. Vol. 114, pp. 83- 116. [27]. Harrison, A., (1996). “Openness and Growth: A Time-Series, Cross-Section Analysis for Developing Countries.” Journal of Development Economics. Vol. 48, pp. 419-47. [28]. Knowles, S., Owen, P. D. (1995). “Health Capital and Cross-Country Variation in Income Per Capita in the Mankiw–Romer–Weil Model.” Economics Letters , vol. 48, pp. 99–106. [29]. Lvovsky, K., (2001).“Health and Environment.” World Bank Environment Strategy Paper, No. 1. World Bank, Washington D.C. [30]. Matthew, A., Cole. (2006). “The impact of Poor Health on Total Factor Productivity”. The Journal Of Development Studies. Vol. 42 [31]. Population Action, (2015). “ Why Population Matters to Food Security”. Economic Journal.Vol. 89, pp. 799-817. [32]. Strauss, John., (1985). "The Impact of Improved Nutrition in Labor Productivity and Human Resource Development." An Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper 494, Yale University. [33]. Strauss, John., (1986). "Does Better Nutrition Raise Farm Productivity", Journal of Political Economy, April, 1986. [34]. "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities", Springer Nature, 2017. [35]. Wolgemuth, J.C., Hall, A., Chester, A., Crompton, D.W.T., (1982) . “Worker Productivity and the Nutritional Status of Kenyan Road Construction Labour.” American Journal of Clinical Literature. Vol. 36, pp. 68-78.