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SÖZCÜĞÜN SESBİLİMSEL, ANLAMBİLİMSEL VE SÖZDİZİMSEL İŞLENMESİNİN KORTİKAL GÖRÜNÜMÜ: NÖROGÖRÜNTÜLEME BULGULARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 261 - 271, 30.07.2025

Abstract

Bu sistematik derleme, dilin temel bileşenleri olan sesbilgisel (phonological), anlambilimsel (semantic) ve sözdizimsel (syntactic) sözcük işlemenin kortikal karşılıklarını incelemektedir. PRISMA yönergelerine uygun olarak yürütülen literatür taraması sonucunda, PET ve iMRG yöntemlerini kullanan 1988-1999 yılları arasında yayımlanmış toplam dokuz öncü çalışma seçilmiştir. Çalışmalar, her bir dilsel işlemin ilişkili olduğu beyin bölgelerini belirlemek amacıyla içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, sesbilgisel işlemenin ağırlıklı olarak sol süperiyor temporal girüs, planum temporale, supramarjinal girüs ve Broka alanını aktive ettiğini göstermektedir. Anlamsal işlemleme, sol inferiyor frontal girüs, orta ve alt temporal girüsler, angüler girüs ve anteriyor temporal lob dahil olmak üzere yaygın bir sinirsel ağı kapsamaktadır. Sözdizimsel işlem ise öncelikli olarak sol inferiyor frontal girüs (özellikle Broka alanı) ve posteriyor temporal bölgelerle ilişkilidir. Sonuçlar, her bir dilsel bileşen için hem özgül hem de örtüşen sinirsel yapılara işaret etmekte; dil işlevlerinin beyindeki karmaşık ve bütünleşik doğasını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu derleme, dilin sinirsel altyapısına dair kapsamlı bir anlayışa katkı sağlamakta ve gelecekteki nörodilbilim araştırmaları için sağlam bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

References

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  • Chee, M. W. L., Caplan, D., Soon, C. S., Sriram, N., Tan, E. W., Thiel, T., & Weekes, B. (1999). Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 7(1), 15–28.
  • Demb, J. B., Desmond, J. E., Wagner, A. D., Vaidya, C. J., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1995). Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: A functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 15(9), 5870–5878.
  • Demonet, J. F., Price, C. J., Wise, R., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1992). The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain, 115(6), 1753–1768.
  • Fiez, J. A., Petersen, S. E., & Raichle, M. E. (1999). Neuroimaging studies of word reading. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(2), 765–772.
  • Fisch, C. & Block, J. (2018). Six tips for your (systematic) literature review in business and management research. Management Review Quarterly, 68(2), 103–106.
  • Friederici, A. D., Meyer, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2000). Segregating semantic and syntactic aspects of processing in the human brain: An fMRI investigation of different word types. Cerebral Cortex, 10(2), 121–128.
  • Howard, D., Patterson, K., Wise, R., Brown, W. D., Friston, K., Weiller, C., & Frackowiak, R. (1992). The cortical localization of the lexicons: Positron emission tomography evidence. Brain, 115, 1769–1782.
  • Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E. (1988). Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature, 331, 585–589.
  • Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychological Review, 103(1), 56–115.
  • Price, C. J. (2000). The anatomy of language: Contributions from functional neuroimaging. Journal of Anatomy, 197(3), 335–359.
  • Seuring, S., & Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content‐analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(5), 544–555.
  • Seuring, S., & Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content‐analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(5), 544–555.
  • Shallice, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge University Press.
  • Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Pugh, K. R., Constable, R. T., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R. K., ... & Gore, J. C. (1995). Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature, 373(6515), 607–609.
  • Wise, R. J. S., Chollet, F., Hadar, U., Friston, K. J., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991). Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval. Brain, 114(4), 1803–1817.

THE CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF PHONOLOGICAL, SEMANTIC, AND SYNTACTIC PROCESSING OF WORDS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NEUROIMAGING FINDINGS

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 261 - 271, 30.07.2025

Abstract

This systematic review examines the cortical correlates of phonological, semantic, and syntactic word processing—three fundamental components of language. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted, resulting in the selection of nine pioneering studies published between 1988 and 1999 that utilized PET and fMRI methods. The studies were evaluated using content analysis to identify the brain regions associated with each type of linguistic processing.Findings indicate that phonological processing predominantly activates the left superior temporal gyrus, planum temporale, supramarginal gyrus, and Broca’s area. Semantic processing involves a widespread neural network, including the left inferior frontal gyrus, middle and inferior temporal gyri, angular gyrus, and anterior temporal lobe. Syntactic processing is primarily associated with the left inferior frontal gyrus (especially Broca’s area) and posterior temporal regions. The results point to both distinct and overlapping neural structures for each linguistic component, revealing the complex and integrated nature of language functions in the brain. This review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of language and provides a solid foundation for future neurolinguistic research.

References

  • Binder, J. R., Frost, J. A., Hammeke, T. A., Bellgowan, P. S., Rao, S. M., & Cox, R. W. (1997). Human brain language areas identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of Neuroscience, 17(1), 353–362.
  • Chee, M. W. L., Caplan, D., Soon, C. S., Sriram, N., Tan, E. W., Thiel, T., & Weekes, B. (1999). Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI. Human Brain Mapping, 7(1), 15–28.
  • Demb, J. B., Desmond, J. E., Wagner, A. D., Vaidya, C. J., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1995). Semantic encoding and retrieval in the left inferior prefrontal cortex: A functional MRI study of task difficulty and process specificity. The Journal of Neuroscience, 15(9), 5870–5878.
  • Demonet, J. F., Price, C. J., Wise, R., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1992). The anatomy of phonological and semantic processing in normal subjects. Brain, 115(6), 1753–1768.
  • Fiez, J. A., Petersen, S. E., & Raichle, M. E. (1999). Neuroimaging studies of word reading. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(2), 765–772.
  • Fisch, C. & Block, J. (2018). Six tips for your (systematic) literature review in business and management research. Management Review Quarterly, 68(2), 103–106.
  • Friederici, A. D., Meyer, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2000). Segregating semantic and syntactic aspects of processing in the human brain: An fMRI investigation of different word types. Cerebral Cortex, 10(2), 121–128.
  • Howard, D., Patterson, K., Wise, R., Brown, W. D., Friston, K., Weiller, C., & Frackowiak, R. (1992). The cortical localization of the lexicons: Positron emission tomography evidence. Brain, 115, 1769–1782.
  • Petersen, S. E., Fox, P. T., Snyder, A. Z., & Raichle, M. E. (1988). Positron emission tomographic studies of the cortical anatomy of single-word processing. Nature, 331, 585–589.
  • Plaut, D. C., McClelland, J. L., Seidenberg, M. S., & Patterson, K. (1996). Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains. Psychological Review, 103(1), 56–115.
  • Price, C. J. (2000). The anatomy of language: Contributions from functional neuroimaging. Journal of Anatomy, 197(3), 335–359.
  • Seuring, S., & Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content‐analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(5), 544–555.
  • Seuring, S., & Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content‐analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(5), 544–555.
  • Shallice, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge University Press.
  • Shaywitz, B. A., Shaywitz, S. E., Pugh, K. R., Constable, R. T., Skudlarski, P., Fulbright, R. K., ... & Gore, J. C. (1995). Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Nature, 373(6515), 607–609.
  • Wise, R. J. S., Chollet, F., Hadar, U., Friston, K. J., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1991). Distribution of cortical neural networks involved in word comprehension and word retrieval. Brain, 114(4), 1803–1817.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Linguistics (Other), Psycholinguistics (Incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Derya Debbağ Ergin 0000-0003-2542-4072

Submission Date June 24, 2025
Acceptance Date July 7, 2025
Publication Date July 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Debbağ Ergin, D. (2025). SÖZCÜĞÜN SESBİLİMSEL, ANLAMBİLİMSEL VE SÖZDİZİMSEL İŞLENMESİNİN KORTİKAL GÖRÜNÜMÜ: NÖROGÖRÜNTÜLEME BULGULARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(2), 261-271.