HEALTHISM (SAĞLIKÇILIK) İDEOLOJİSİ VE SAĞLIK HAREKETİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: SAĞLIKLI OLMAK VE SAĞLIK ARAYIŞININ DEĞİŞEN SOSYOKÜLTÜREL DİNAMİKLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 67 - 103, 31.10.2020

Kayhan Delibaş , Şeyda Kankurdan

https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.818960

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Son dönemlerde sağlık alanındaki yaygın tartışmaların çoğunlukla sağlıkta neoliberal dönüşüm, ilaç endüstrisi, zararlı gıdalar, bozulan hasta-hekim ilişkisi vb. eksenli yaşandığı görülmektedir. Bu tartışmalar belli ölçülerde yararlı ve gerekli olmakla birlikte, toplumsal ve kültürel alana ilişkin değerlendirmelerin ise ihmal edildiği söylenebilir. Son on yılda gerek medya organlarında gerekse de sosyal bilimsel literatürdeki tartışmalarda sağlık-hastalık, beden-benlik, gençlik-yaşlılık, hayat ve ölüm hakkındaki algıların, anlamların, beklentiler ve değer sistemlerinin önemli ölçüde dönüşmüş olduğunu belirtmemiz gerekir. 80’lerin sonlarında ABD’de ortaya çıkan Healthism (Sağlıkçılık) ideolojisine de sağlığı her şeyin üzerinde bir değer noktasına yükselterek aslında paradoksal olarak ulaşılması imkânsız bir hedef oluşturmuştu. Dahası, sağlığın öncelikli olarak bireyin bir sorumluluğu olarak tanımlanması, artan bireyselleşme, uzmanlara ve sistemlere duyulan güvenin aşınması, gibi faktörlerin de mevcut tartışmalarda hiç hesaba katılmadığı görülmektedir. Bu makalenin temel amacı Healthism ideolojisinin de ötesine geçen risk toplumu yani reflexive modernite koşullarında sağlık-hastalık, sağlıklı olmak, iyi olmak durumlarının ne olduğu ve ne olması gerektiğine ilişkin değişen anlamlandırmalar, algılar, beklentiler ve yaygın korkuların sosyokültürel temellerinin ortaya konulmasıdır.

Keywords

Sağlıkçılık, Güven, Neoliberalizm, Sağlık, Dönüşümsel Modernite, Tıbbileştirme

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