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Year 2022, Issue: 92, 134 - 149, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1125877

Abstract

References

  • Bhatt, V. V. (1965). Some Notes on Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Economic Journal, 75(297), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2229237
  • Chenery, H. B., & Taylor, L. (1968). Development Patterns: Among Countries and Over Time. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 50(4), 391–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926806
  • Demery, D., & Demery, L. (1973). Cross-Section Evidence for Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 55(4), 459–464. https://doi.org/10.2307/1925668
  • Dickey, D., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. USA: Yale University Press.
  • Jiang, X., Caraballo-Cueto, J., & Nguyen, C. (2020). Balanced versus unbalanced growth: Revisiting the forgotten debate with new empirics. Review of Development Econonomics, 24, 1430–1446. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12688
  • Johansen, S. J. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3
  • Johansen, S. J. (1991). Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econometrica, 59, 1551–1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278
  • Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x
  • Lipton, M. (1962). Balanced and Unbalanced Growth in Underdeveloped Countries. The Economic Journal, 72(287), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228442
  • Mathur, A. (1966). Balanced v. Unbalanced Growth-A Reconciliatory View. Oxford Economic Papers, 18(2), 137–157. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2662431
  • Nurkse, R. (1953). Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries. Oxford University Press.
  • Nurkse, R. (1964). Azgelişmiş Ülkelerde Sermayenin Teşekkülü. Menteş Kitabevi.
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1943). Problems of Industrialization of Eastern and South Eastern Europe. Economic Journal, 53(210-211), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.2307/2226317
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1961). Notes on the Theory of the Big Push. içinde (der: H. S. Ellis ve H. C. Wallich) Economic Development for Latin America. St. Martin’s Press.
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (2016). Doğu ve Güney-Doğu Asya’nın Sanayileşme Sorunları. Çeviren: M. Kemal Aydın, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Yaz), 120-133.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. İmalat, Enerji ve Ulaştırma Sektörlerinde Katma Değerler ve Sabit Sermaye Yatırımları (1968-2006) (Veri seti), Erişim tarihi 10.01.2022)
  • Streeten, P. (1959). Unbalanced Growth. Oxford Economic Papers, 11(2), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a040822
  • Sutcliffe, R. B. (1964). Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 78(4), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.2307/1879659
  • Swamy, S. (1967). Statistical evidence of balanced and unbalanced growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(3), 288–303. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926640
  • Yotopoulos, P., & Lau, L. (1970). A test for balanced and unbalanced growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(4), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926314
  • Yotopoulos, P., & Nugent, J. (1973). A balanced-growth version of the linkage hypothesis: A test. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882181

Unbalanced Growth in Turkey

Year 2022, Issue: 92, 134 - 149, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1125877

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine which option is valid for unbalanced growth in Turkey during the 1968-2006 period. For this purpose, first, determinations were made regarding the options in unbalanced growth. There are two options in an unbalanced growth strategy. The first of these is to allocate investments to direct productive activities first, while the second option is to allocate investments primarily to social overhead capital, i.e. infrastructure. In the study, firstly, the resources allocated for direct productive activities, that is, the manufacturing industry, and the resources allocated to social overhead capital, that is, infrastructure, are compared. In the second step, the relationship between the resource allocated to direct productive activities and the resource allocated to social overhead capital was tested. According to the results of the study, the excess capacity in social overhead capital stimulates direct productive activities at the end of 3 periods and leads to an increase in manufacturing industry investments. 10% increase in infrastructure investments increases the manufacturing industry investments by 4.87% as a result of a 3-year lag. No statistically significant results were obtained regarding the effect of manufacturing industry investments on infrastructure investments. In the study, as infrastructure investments, transportation and energy investments were also examined separately. Accordingly, a 10% increase in transportation investments increases manufacturing industry investments by 5.081% as a result of a 3-year lag. A 10% increase in manufacturing industry investments reduces transportation investments by 6,095% as a result of 3 years lag. Since significant relationships could not be determined between manufacturing industry investments and energy investments, no conclusion was reached regarding unbalanced growth. These results are largely compatible with one of Hirschman's unbalanced growth options, and point to an unbalanced growth path in which an excess capacity in social overhead capital prevails.

References

  • Bhatt, V. V. (1965). Some Notes on Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Economic Journal, 75(297), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2229237
  • Chenery, H. B., & Taylor, L. (1968). Development Patterns: Among Countries and Over Time. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 50(4), 391–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926806
  • Demery, D., & Demery, L. (1973). Cross-Section Evidence for Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 55(4), 459–464. https://doi.org/10.2307/1925668
  • Dickey, D., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. USA: Yale University Press.
  • Jiang, X., Caraballo-Cueto, J., & Nguyen, C. (2020). Balanced versus unbalanced growth: Revisiting the forgotten debate with new empirics. Review of Development Econonomics, 24, 1430–1446. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12688
  • Johansen, S. J. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3
  • Johansen, S. J. (1991). Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econometrica, 59, 1551–1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278
  • Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x
  • Lipton, M. (1962). Balanced and Unbalanced Growth in Underdeveloped Countries. The Economic Journal, 72(287), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228442
  • Mathur, A. (1966). Balanced v. Unbalanced Growth-A Reconciliatory View. Oxford Economic Papers, 18(2), 137–157. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2662431
  • Nurkse, R. (1953). Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries. Oxford University Press.
  • Nurkse, R. (1964). Azgelişmiş Ülkelerde Sermayenin Teşekkülü. Menteş Kitabevi.
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1943). Problems of Industrialization of Eastern and South Eastern Europe. Economic Journal, 53(210-211), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.2307/2226317
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1961). Notes on the Theory of the Big Push. içinde (der: H. S. Ellis ve H. C. Wallich) Economic Development for Latin America. St. Martin’s Press.
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (2016). Doğu ve Güney-Doğu Asya’nın Sanayileşme Sorunları. Çeviren: M. Kemal Aydın, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Yaz), 120-133.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. İmalat, Enerji ve Ulaştırma Sektörlerinde Katma Değerler ve Sabit Sermaye Yatırımları (1968-2006) (Veri seti), Erişim tarihi 10.01.2022)
  • Streeten, P. (1959). Unbalanced Growth. Oxford Economic Papers, 11(2), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a040822
  • Sutcliffe, R. B. (1964). Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 78(4), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.2307/1879659
  • Swamy, S. (1967). Statistical evidence of balanced and unbalanced growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(3), 288–303. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926640
  • Yotopoulos, P., & Lau, L. (1970). A test for balanced and unbalanced growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(4), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926314
  • Yotopoulos, P., & Nugent, J. (1973). A balanced-growth version of the linkage hypothesis: A test. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882181

TÜRKİYE’DE DENGESİZ BÜYÜME

Year 2022, Issue: 92, 134 - 149, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1125877

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı 1968-2006 döneminde Türkiye’de dengesiz büyümeye ilişkin hangi seçeneğin geçerli olduğunu tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, önce dengesiz büyümedeki seçeneklere ilişkin tespitlerde bulunulmuştur. Dengesiz büyüme stratejisindeki seçenekler iki tanedir. Bunlardan ilki, yatırımların öncelikle doğrudan üretken faaliyetlere aktartılması iken ikinci seçenek yatırımların öncelikle sosyal sabit sermayeye yani altyapıya tahsis edilmesidir. Çalışmada ilk olarak doğrudan üretken faaliyete yani imalat sanayisine ayrılan kaynak ile sosyal sabit sermayeye yani altyapıya ayrılan kaynak karşılaştırılmıştır. İkinci adımda ise ekonometrik olarak doğrudan üretken faaliyete tahsis edilen kaynak ile sosyal sabit sermayeye tahsis edilen kaynak arasındaki ilişkinin sınaması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, sosyal sabit sermaye yatırımlarında yaratılan fazlalık 3 dönem sonunda doğrudan üretken faaliyetleri uyarmakta ve imalat sanayi yatırımlarında artışa yol açmaktadır. Sayısal olarak, altyapı yatırımlarındaki %10’luk artış, imalat sanayi yatırımlarını 3 yıl gecikme sonucunda %4,87 arttırmaktadır. İmalat sanayi yatırımlarının altyapı yatırımlarını etkilemesine ilişkin ise istatistikî olarak anlamlı sonuçlar elde edilmemiştir. Çalışmada altyapı yatırımları, ulaştırma ve enerji yatırımları şeklinde ayrı ayrı olarak da incelenmiştir. Buna göre, ulaştırma yatırımlarındaki % 10’luk artış, imalat sanayi yatırımlarını 3 yıl gecikme sonucunda % 5,081 arttırmaktadır. İmalat sanayi yatırımlarındaki % 10’luk artış, ulaştırma yatırımlarını 3 yıl gecikme sonucunda % 6,095 azalmaktadır. İmalat sanayi yatırımları ile enerji yatırımları ile anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilemediğinden dengesiz büyümeye ilişkin bir sonuca ulaşılmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar Hirschman’ın dengesiz büyüme seçeneklerinden birisi ile büyük ölçüde uyumlu olup sosyal sabit sermaye fazlalığının geçerli olduğu dengesiz büyüme yolunun izlendiğine işaret etmektedir.

References

  • Bhatt, V. V. (1965). Some Notes on Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Economic Journal, 75(297), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.2307/2229237
  • Chenery, H. B., & Taylor, L. (1968). Development Patterns: Among Countries and Over Time. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 50(4), 391–416. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926806
  • Demery, D., & Demery, L. (1973). Cross-Section Evidence for Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 55(4), 459–464. https://doi.org/10.2307/1925668
  • Dickey, D., & Fuller, W.A. (1979). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366), 427–431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The Strategy of Economic Development. USA: Yale University Press.
  • Jiang, X., Caraballo-Cueto, J., & Nguyen, C. (2020). Balanced versus unbalanced growth: Revisiting the forgotten debate with new empirics. Review of Development Econonomics, 24, 1430–1446. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12688
  • Johansen, S. J. (1988). Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12, 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1889(88)90041-3
  • Johansen, S. J. (1991). Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econometrica, 59, 1551–1580. https://doi.org/10.2307/2938278
  • Johansen, S., & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-with Applications to the Demand for Money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52, 169-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1990.mp52002003.x
  • Lipton, M. (1962). Balanced and Unbalanced Growth in Underdeveloped Countries. The Economic Journal, 72(287), 641–657. https://doi.org/10.2307/2228442
  • Mathur, A. (1966). Balanced v. Unbalanced Growth-A Reconciliatory View. Oxford Economic Papers, 18(2), 137–157. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2662431
  • Nurkse, R. (1953). Problems of Capital Formation in Underdeveloped Countries. Oxford University Press.
  • Nurkse, R. (1964). Azgelişmiş Ülkelerde Sermayenin Teşekkülü. Menteş Kitabevi.
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1943). Problems of Industrialization of Eastern and South Eastern Europe. Economic Journal, 53(210-211), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.2307/2226317
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (1961). Notes on the Theory of the Big Push. içinde (der: H. S. Ellis ve H. C. Wallich) Economic Development for Latin America. St. Martin’s Press.
  • Rosenstein-Rodan, P. N. (2016). Doğu ve Güney-Doğu Asya’nın Sanayileşme Sorunları. Çeviren: M. Kemal Aydın, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (Yaz), 120-133.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. İmalat, Enerji ve Ulaştırma Sektörlerinde Katma Değerler ve Sabit Sermaye Yatırımları (1968-2006) (Veri seti), Erişim tarihi 10.01.2022)
  • Streeten, P. (1959). Unbalanced Growth. Oxford Economic Papers, 11(2), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a040822
  • Sutcliffe, R. B. (1964). Balanced and Unbalanced Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 78(4), 621–640. https://doi.org/10.2307/1879659
  • Swamy, S. (1967). Statistical evidence of balanced and unbalanced growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 49(3), 288–303. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926640
  • Yotopoulos, P., & Lau, L. (1970). A test for balanced and unbalanced growth. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(4), 376–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/1926314
  • Yotopoulos, P., & Nugent, J. (1973). A balanced-growth version of the linkage hypothesis: A test. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87(2), 157–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/1882181
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merter Mert 0000-0001-5359-1041

Önder Balcı 0000-0003-0856-0267

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: 92

Cite

APA Mert, M., & Balcı, Ö. (2022). TÜRKİYE’DE DENGESİZ BÜYÜME. EKEV Akademi Dergisi(92), 134-149. https://doi.org/10.17753/sosekev.1125877