BİRLİKTE EBEVEYNLİĞE GEÇİŞ PROGRAMI'NIN EBEVEYNLERİN BİRLİKTE EBEVEYNLİK İLİŞKİSİ, ROMANTİK İLİŞKİ KALİTESİ,DEPRESYON VE KAYGI DÜZEYLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ İLİŞKİSİ

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, Birlikte Ebeveynliğe Geçiş Programı'nın (BEGEP) evli, bir arada yaşayan ve ilk bebeklerini bekleyen çiftlerin birlikte ebeveynlik ilişkileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, deneysel desen kullanılmış, deney ve kontrol gruplarından öntest, sontest ve izleme ölçümleri alınmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye’nin batısında bir ilin merkez ilçesinde yaşayan toplam 35 çiftin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş ve evlilik süresi (yıl) ortalamaları sırasıyla 30.19 ve 2.62'dir. BEGEP, ebeveynlik dönemindeki çiftlerin birlikte ebeveynlik ilişkisini kurmalarını ve geliştirmelerini amaçlayan kanıt temelli bir müdahale programı olarak geliştirilmiş ve toplam 5 oturumdan oluşmuştur. Verilerin analizi için Tekrarlayan Ölçümler için ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, BEGEP'in çiftlerin birlikte ebeveynlik düzeyleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, BEGEP’in katılımcıların romantik ilişki kalitesi, depresyon ve kaygı düzeyleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, BEGEP’in etkililiği deneysel yöntemle sınanmış ve çiftlerin birlikte ebeveynliği üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Aile ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığının, Sağlık Bakanlığının ve belediyelerin bünyelerinde aile eğitimi alanında çalışan uzmanlara, BEGEP’in uygulamasını yapması ve birlikte ebeveynlik kavramının tanıtılması ve yaygınlaştırılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• birlikte ebeveynlik
• romantik ilişki kalitesi
• depresyon
• kaygı
• birlikte ebeveynliğe geçiş programı

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

118K047

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma, Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’ndan alınan etik kurul izne (26.12.2017 tarih ve 31906847/050.04.04-08/09 nolu karar) dayalı olarak yürütülmüştür.

The Effects of Transition to Coparenting Program on Parent’s Coparenting Relationship, Romantic Relationship Quality, Anxiety and Depression Levels.

Abstract

In this study, the effect of the Transition to Coparenting Program (BEGEP) on the coparenting relationships of married, cohabiting couples who were expecting their first baby was examined. In the study, experimental design was used, and pretest, posttest and follow-up measurements were taken from the control and experimental groups. The study was conducted with the participation of 35 couples living in the central district of a province in western Türkiye. The mean age and duration of marriage (years) of the participants were 30.19 and 2.62, respectively. BEGEP was developed as an evidence-based intervention program aiming to help coparenting couples establish and improve their coparenting relationship and consisted of a total of 5 modules. Repeated Measures ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. The results of the study showed that the intervention program had a significant effect on the coparenting levels of the couples. On the other hand, it was determined that the BEGEP did not have a significant effect on the participants' romantic relationship quality, depression and anxiety levels. In conclusion, the efficacy of the BEGEP was tested empirically and it was found to have a positive effect on couples' coparenting. In this regard, it is recommended that experts working in the field of family education within the Ministry of Family and Social Services, the Ministry of Health, and municipalities implement BEGEP and introduce and disseminate the concept of coparenting.

Keywords

• coparenting
• romantic relationship quality
• depression
• anxiety
• transition to copatenting program

Project Number

118K047

References

1. Adamsons, K. (2013). Predictors of relationship quality during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 31(2), 160-171.
2. Altenburger, L. E. (2022). Similarities and differences between coparenting and parental gatekeeping: implications for father involvement research. Journal of Family Studies, 1-25.
3. Bai, X., Chen, M., He, R., and Xu, T. (2022). Toward an integrative framework of intergenerational coparenting within family systems: A scoping review. Journal of Family Theory and Review. 1–40.
4. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard university press.
5. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2001). Deneysel Desenler, Öntest-Sontest Kontrol Grubu Desen ve Veri Analizi. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
6. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
7. Choi, J. K., Parra, G., and Jiang, Q. (2019). The longitudinal and bidirectional relationships between cooperative coparenting and child behavioral problems in low-income, unmarried families. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(2), 203-214.
8. Cowan, P. A., and Cowan, C. P. (2003). Normative family transitions, normal family processes, and healthy child development. In F. Walsh (Ed.), Normal family processes: Growing diversity and complexity (pp. 424–459). The Guilford Press.

9. Çelik, A. S., ve Atasever, İ. (2020). Gebelerde Algılanan Stres Düzeylerinin Ve Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(2), 267-276.
10. Deave, T., Johnson, D., and Ingram, J. (2008). Transition to parenthood: the needs of parents in pregnancy and early parenthood. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 8(1), 1-11.
11. Derogatis, L. R. (1982). Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI).APA PsycTests.
12. Dew, J., and Wilcox, W. B. (2011). If momma ain't happy: Explaining declines in marital satisfaction among new mothers. Journal of marriage and family, 73(1), 1-12.
13. Don, B. P., Biehle, S. N., and Mickelson, K. D. (2013). Feeling like part of a team: Perceived parenting agreement among first-time parents. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(8), 1121-1137.
14. Dopkins Stright, A., and Neitzel, C. (2003). Beyond parenting: Coparenting and children's classroom adjustment. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27(1), 31-40.
15. Durtschi, J. A., Soloski, K. L., and Kimmes, J. (2017). The dyadic effects of supportive coparenting and parental stress on relationship quality across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 43(2), 308-321.
16. Eira Nunes, C., de Roten, Y., El Ghaziri, N., Favez, N., and Darwiche, J. (2021). Co‐parenting programs: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Family Relations, 70(3), 759-776.
17. Fagan, J. and Palkovitz, R. (2011). Coparenting and relationship quality effects on father engagement: Variations by residence, romance. Journal of Marriage and Family, 73, 637-653. doi:10.1111/j.1741- 3737.2011.00834.x
18. Farr, R. H., and Patterson, C. J. (2013). Coparenting among lesbian, gay, and heterosexual couples: Associations with adopted children's outcomes. Child development, 84(4), 1226-1240.
19. Feinberg, M. E. (2002). Coparenting and the transition to parenthood: A framework for prevention. Clinical child and family psychology review, 5(3), 173-195.
20. Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: A framework for research and intervention. Parenting: science and practice, 3(2), 95-131
21. Feinberg, M. E., Jones, D. E., Roettger, M. E., Hostetler, M. L., Sakuma, K. L., Paul, I. M., and Ehrenthal, D. B. (2016). Preventive effects on birth outcomes: Buffering impact of maternal stress, depression, and anxiety. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 20(1), 56-65.
22. Feinberg, M. E., and Kan, M. L. (2008). Establishing family foundations: intervention effects on coparenting, parent/infant well-being, and parent-child relations. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 253
23. Fletcher, G. J., Simpson, J. A., and Thomas, G. (2000). The measurement of perceived relationship quality components: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(3), 340-354.
24. Günay, G., ve Bener, Ö. (2013). Gençlerin evlilik ve aile yaşamına ilişkin tutumları. Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(1), 1-16.
25. Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., and Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Seventh Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey
26. Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. and Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2008). Promoting Positive Parenting: An Attachment-Based Intervention. London, UK: Erlbaum.
27. Kagitcibasi, C., ve Ataca, B. (2015). Value of children, family change, and implications for the care of the elderly. Cross-Cultural Research, 49(4), 374-392.
28. Le, Y., Hatch, S. G., Goodman, Z. T., and Doss, B. D. (2022). Does coparenting improve during the OurRelationship program? Explorations within a low-income sample during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Family Psychology. 36(6), 1030–1035.
29. Le, Y., McDaniel, B. T., Leavitt, C. E., and Feinberg, M. E. (2016). Longitudinal associations between relationship quality and coparenting across the transition to parenthood: A dyadic perspective. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(8), 918.
30. Leonhardt, N. D., Rosen, N. O., Dawson, S. J., Kim, J. J., Johnson, M. D., and Impett, E. A. (2022). Relationship satisfaction and commitment in the transition to parenthood: A couple‐centered approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 84(1), 80-100.
31. Markham, M. S., and Coleman, M. (2012). The good, the bad, and the ugly: Divorced mothers' experiences with coparenting. Family Relations, 61(4), 586-600.
32. McHale, J. P. (2007). When infants grow up in multiperson relationship systems. Infant mental health journal, 28(4), 370-392.
33. McHale, J. P., Stover, C., Dube, C., Sirotkin, Y., Lewis, S., and McKay, K. (2023). Randomized controlled trial of a prenatal focused coparenting consultation for unmarried black fathers and mothers: One‐year infant and family outcomes. Infant mental health journal, 44(1), 27-42.
34. McHale, J. P., and Fivaz-Depeursinge, E. (2010). Principles of effective co-parenting and its assessment in infancy and early childhood. Parenthood and mental health: A bridge between infant and adult psychiatry, 357-371.
35. McHale, J. P., and Lindahl, K. M. (2011). Coparenting: A conceptual and clinical examination of family systems. American Psychological Association.
36. McHale, J. P., and Sirotkin, Y. S. (2019). Coparenting in diverse family systems. In Handbook of parenting (pp. 137-166). Routledge.
37. Merrifield, K. A., and Gamble, W. C. (2013). Associations among marital qualities, supportive and undermining coparenting, and parenting self-efficacy: Testing spillover and stress-buffering processes. Journal of Family Issues, 34(4), 510-533.
38. Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Harvard U. Press
39. Özdemir, Y., Sağkal, A. S., Salman-Engin, S., Şakiroğlu, M., Çevik, A. Ç. (2021). Birlikte Ebeveynlik Ölçeği: Ölçek Geliştirme, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 24(47), 40-58.
40. Özdemir, Y., Sağkal, A. S., Seyhan, A. G. ve Yılmaz Hiğde, A. (2024). Birlikte Ebeveynlik Ölçeği- Doğum Öncesi Versiyonu (BEÖ-DÖV): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1376834
41. Özdemir, Y., ve Sağkal, A. S. (2020) Ebeveynlik dansı: Birlikte ebeveynliğe ilişkin kuramsal ve ampirik bir derleme. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 428-444.
42. Parfitt, Y., and Ayers, S. (2014). Transition to parenthood and mental health in first‐time parents. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(3), 263-273.
43. Petren, R. E., and Puhlman, D. J. (2021). Routines and coparenting as interrelated family management systems. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 13(2), 164-180.
44. Philipp, A. C., Lee, J. K., Stamm, T. A., Wininger, M., Datler, W., and Kapusta, N. D. (2020). Coparenting Intervention for Expectant Parents Affects Relationship Quality: A Pilot Study. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 252(1), 33-43.
45. Ranta, M., Böök, M. L., Paloniemi, S., and Rönkä, A. (2022). “Equally, but in our own way”: First-time parents’ prenatal expectations of coparenting. Journal of Family Studies, 1-21.
46. Sağkal, A. S., ve Özdemir, Y. (2018). Algılanan Romantik İlişki Kalitesi Ölçeği’nin (ARİKÖ) Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (46), 22-40.
47. Sahin, N. H., ve Durak, A. (1994). Kisa Semptom Envanteri (Brief Symptom Invetory-BSI): Turk Gencleri Icin Uyarlanmasi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi. 9(31), 44–56.
48. Salman-Engin, S., Sümer, N., Sağel, E., and McHale, J. (2018). Coparenting in the context of mother–father–infant versus mother–grandmother–infant triangular interactions in Turkey. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 3085-3095.
49. Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Settle, T., Lee, J. K., and Kamp Dush, C. M. (2016). Supportive coparenting relationships as a haven of psychological safety at the transition to parenthood. Research in human development, 13(1), 32-48.
50. Schoppe-Sullivan, S J., Wang, J., Yang, J., Kim, M., Zhang, Y., and Yoon, S H. (2023). Patterns of coparenting and young children's social–emotional adjustment in low-income families. Child Development, 94, 874–888. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13904
51. Spiteri, G., Borg Xuereb, R., and Kaner, E. (2023). Preparation for Parenthood. In Perspectives on Midwifery and Parenthood (pp. 15-26). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
52. Stevens, J. (1996). Applied multivariate statistics for the social science (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Sümer N., Metin-Orta, İ., Alsancak-Akbulut, C., Salman-Engin, S., İlden-Koçkar, Z. A., Şahin-Acar, B., Akkol-Solakoğlu, S., Aran, Ö., Işılay, D. S., Kavaklı, B., Memişoğlu-Sanlı, A., Sağel-Çetiner, E., Türe, D., Üstünel, A. Ö. ve Yaşar, B. (2020). Olumlu Ebeveyn Davranışlarını Artırmaya Yönelik Video-Geribildirimli Müdahale Programının Anne Duyarlığı Üzerindeki Etkisinin Türkiye’de İncelenmesi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 35(85), 117-118. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31828/tpd1300443320190219m000018
54. Tabachnick, B. G., and Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics, 6th edn Boston. Ma: Pearson.
55. Takeishi, Y., Nakamura, Y., Kawajiri, M., Atogami, F., and Yoshizawa, T. (2019). Developing a prenatal couple education program focusing on coparenting for Japanese couples: A quasi-experimental study. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 249(1), 9-17.
56. Teubert, D., and Pinquart, M. (2010). The association between coparenting and child adjustment: A meta-analysis. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(4), 286-307.
57. Tomfohr-Madsen, L. M., Giesbrecht, G. F., Madsen, J. W., MacKinnon, A., Le, Y., and Doss, B. (2020). Improved child mental health following brief relationship enhancement and co-parenting interventions during the transition to parenthood. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(3), 766.
58. Trillingsgaard, T., Baucom, K. J., and Heyman, R. E. (2014). Predictors of change in relationship satisfaction during the transition to parenthood. Family Relations, 63(5), 667-679.
59. Uludağlı, N. P. (2017). Baba katılımında etkili faktörler ve baba katılımının baba, anne ve çocuk açısından yararları. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 20(39), 70-92.
60. Van Egeren, L. A., and Hawkins, D. P. (2004). Coming to terms with coparenting: Implications of definition and measurement. Journal of Adult Development, 11(3), 165-178.
61. Warmuth, K. A., Cummings, E. M., and Davies, P. T. (2020). Constructive and destructive interparental conflict, problematic parenting practices, and children’s symptoms of psychopathology. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(3), 301.