Parental Mediation and Digital Addiction: Bibliometric Keyword Analysis

Öz

This study attempts to address the critical contexts between the concepts of digital addiction, which is one of the important social problems, and parental mediation, which is an essential coping strategy. In particular, the relationships between the two concepts and frequently used keywords in the scientific literature have been identified and explained. While the effective and efficient use of technology provides many conveniences in daily life, its excessive and unconscious use has led to the emergence of concepts such as problematic technology use, technology addiction, and digital addiction. The data set in this study was obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database on 04.01.2025. The data set was created in line with the results obtained by searching the keywords themed “parental mediation” and “digital addiction” in the WoS database. In the analyses, the relationship between the keywords and other words was scanned, and the keywords with a frequency of at least 10 sources were included in the study. In this context, it is understood that there is an intensified relationship with the keywords adolescents, children, digital age, online media activities, online risks, problematic internet use, parenting style, protection-motivation theory, digital parenting, and problematic smartphone use. The rapidly developing nature of technology makes constantly updated strategies and policies important in parental mediation. It is recommended that future studies progress in a direction that further deepens the child-focused approach, strengthens interdisciplinary integration, and increases global diversity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bibliyometric analysis
• Digital addiction
• Family
• Parental mediation.

Ebeveyn Arabulucuğu ve Dijital Bağımlılık: Anahtar Kelime İlişkilerine Yönelik Bibliyometrik Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışmada güncel sosyal sorunlardan birisi olan dijital bağımlılık ile etkili bir baş etme stratejisi olan ebeveyn arabuluculuğu kavramları arasındaki önemli bağlamlar ele alınmıştır. Özellikle bilimsel literatürde iki kavram ile sıkça kullanılan anahtar kelimelerin tespit edilerek bunlar arasındaki ilişkiler açıklanmaya çalışmıştır. Teknolojinin etkili ve verimli bir şekilde kullanılması, günlük hayatta birçok kolaylık sağlarken, aşırı ve bilinçsiz kullanımı sonucu problemli teknoloji kullanımı, teknoloji bağımlılığı ve dijital bağımlılık gibi kavramların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmadaki veri seti, 04.01.2025 tarihinde Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. WoS veri tabanında “ebeveyn arabuluculuğu” ve “dijital bağımlılık” temalı anahtar kelimeler üzerine aramalar yapılarak elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Analizlerde anahtar kelimelerin diğer kelimelerle ilişkisi taranarak, ilişki sıklığı en az 10 kaynak olan anahtar kelimeler çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda ergenler, çocuklar, dijital çağ, online medya aktiviteleri, çevrimiçi riskler, problemli internet kullanımı, ebeveynlik biçimi, koruma-motivasyon teorisi, dijital ebeveynlik ve problemli akıllı cep telefonu kullanımı anahtar kelimeleri ile yoğunlaşan bir ilişkinin olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Teknolojinin hızla gelişen doğası, ebeveyn arabuluculuğunda sürekli güncellenen stratejileri ve politikaları önemli kılmaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmaların, çocuk odaklı yaklaşımı daha da derinleştiren, disiplinler arası entegrasyonu güçlendiren ve küresel çeşitliliği artıran bir yönde ilerlemesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aile
• bibliyometrik analiz
• dijital bağımlılık
• EBEVEYN ARABULUCULUĞU

Kaynakça

1. Adigwe, I. (2021). Identifying the moderating and mediating variables in parental mediation practices in Nigerian families in the Digital Age. Social Media+ Society, 7(3),1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211033817
2. Agarwal, V., & Kar, S. K. (2015). Technology addiction in adolescents. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 11(3), 170–174. https://doi.org/10.1177/097313422015030
3. Altarturi, H. H., Saadoon, M., & Anuar, N. B. (2020). Cyber parental control: A bibliometric study. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105134
4. Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and problematic internet use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716
5. Arifurrohman, A., Crismono, P. C., & Ilyas, M. (2025). Parenting trends in the digital era: A bibliometric analysis from an Islamic perspective in Muslim-majority societies. AT-TURAS: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 12(2), 157–177. https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v12i2.10761
6. Benedetto, L., & Ingrassia, M. (2021). Digital parenting: Raising and protecting children in media world. In L. Benedetto & M. Ingrassia (Eds.), Parenting: Studies by an ecocultural and transactional perspective (pp. 127–148). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92579
7. Beyens, I., Valkenburg, P. M., & Piotrowski, J. T. (2019). Developmental trajectories of parental mediation across early and middle childhood. Human Communication Research, 45(2), 226–250. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqy016
8. Boniel-Nissim, M., Efrati, Y., & Dolev-Cohen, M. (2020). Parental mediation regarding children’s pornography exposure: The role of parenting style, protection motivation and gender. The Journal of Sex Research, 57(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2019.1590795

9. Busch, P. A., & McCarthy, S. (2021). Antecedents and consequences of problematic smartphone use: A systematic literature review of an emerging research area. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106414
10. Byrne, R., Terranova, C. O., & Trost, S. G. (2021). Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0–6 years: A systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 22(8), e13260. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13260
11. Chen, G., Chen, W., Qi, S., & Shek, D. T. (2024). Improving child and adolescent mental health: A bibliometric analysis of related intervention studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(12), 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21121576
12. Cheng, X., Fan, Y., Li, S., Li, X., Jin, S., Zhou, C., & Feng, Y. (2025). Research landscape and trends of internet addiction disorder: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications in the past 20 years. Digital Health, 11, 20552076251336940. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251336940
13. Ding, K., Shen, Y., Liu, Q., & Li, H. (2023). The effects of digital addiction on brain function and structure of children and adolescents: A scoping review. Healthcare, 12(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12010015
14. Dresp-Langley, B., & Hutt, A. (2022). Digital addiction and sleep. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6910. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116910
15. Doğan, A. (2013). İnternet bağımlılığı yaygınlığı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi]. YÖK Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi
16. Domahidi, E., Festl, R., & Quandt, T. (2014). To dwell among gamers: Investigating the relationship between social online game use and gaming-related friendships. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.023
17. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Pattnaik, D., & Lim, W. M. (2021). A bibliometric retrospection of marketing from the lens of psychology: Insights from Psychology & Marketing. Psychology & Marketing, 38(5), 834–865. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21472
18. Durak, A., & Kaygin, H. (2020). Parental mediation of young children’s internet use: Adaptation of parental mediation scale and review of parental mediation based on the demographic variables and digital data security awareness. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 2275–2296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10079-1
19. Dutta, H. S., & Chakraborty, T. (2022). Blackmarket-driven collusion on online media: A survey. ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science, 2(4), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3517931
20. Er, F. (2023). Sosyal medya bağımlılığında sosyal hizmet müdahalesi. In E. Kalaycı & A. S. Serpen (Eds.), Bağımlılıkta sosyal hizmet uygulamaları (pp. 117–136). Nika Yayınevi.
21. Ezari Rad, R., Mohseni, S., Kamalzadeh Takhti, H., Hassani Azad, M., Shahabi, N., Aghamolaei, T., & Norozian, F. (2021). Application of the protection motivation theory for predicting COVID-19 preventive behaviors in Hormozgan, Iran: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21, 10500. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10500-w
22. Flannery, K. (2019). The anti-internet crusade: A rhetorical analysis. Commentary, 15(1), 1–6.
23. Griffiths, M. D., Benrazavi, R., & Teimouri, M. (2016). Parental mediation and adolescent screen time: A brief overview. Education and Health, 34(3), 70–73.
24. Guo, X. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of child language during 1900–2021. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 862042. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.862042
25. Guo, Y., Chen, H., You, X., Liu, X., Sun, X., & Jin, Y. (2024). Relationship between parenting style and internet addiction: Interpersonal relationship problem as a mediator and gender as a moderator. Heliyon, 10(2), e23973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e23973
26. Hawi, N. S., Samaha, M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). The digital addiction scale for children: Development and validation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(12), 771–778. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0132
27. Helsper, E. J., Veltri, G. A., & Livingstone, S. (2024). Parental mediation of children’s online risks: The role of parental risk perception, digital skills and risk experiences. New Media & Society, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448241261945
28. Horwood, S., and Anglim, J. (2018). Personality and problematic smartphone use: A facet-level analysis using the Five Factor Model and HEXACO frameworks. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.013
29. Hong, I. K. (2021). Parenting in the digital age: An examination of predictors and outcomes of parental mediation (Doctoral dissertation, Queen's University). https://queensu.scholaris.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/9863efd7-159f-4d6e-9adf-2e047d44ef5d/content
30. Huang, C. (2010). Internet use and psychological well-being: A meta-analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(3), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0217
31. Irmak, A. Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2016). Digital game addiction among adolescents and young adults: A current overview. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 27(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5080/u13407
32. Iqbal, S., Zakar, R., & Fischer, F. (2021). Predictors of parental mediation in teenagers’ internet use: A cross-sectional study of female caregivers in Lahore, Pakistan. BMC Public Health, 21, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10349-z
33. Ito, M., Baumer, S., Bittanti, M., boyd, d., Cody, R., Herr-Stephenson, B., Horst, H. A., Lange, P. G., Mahendran, D., Martínez, K. Z., Pascoe, C. J., Perkel, D., Robinson, L., Sims, C., & Tripp, L. (2010). Hanging out, messing around, and geeking out: Kids living and learning with new media. MIT Press.
34. Jun, G., Xu, J., Alivi, M. A., Zhewen, F., Dharejo, N., & Brony, M. (2025). Impacts of digital media on children’s wellbeing: A bibliometric analysis. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 15(1), e202501. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/15696
35. Karakuş, G., & Ocak, G. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının dijital okuryazarlık öz-yeterlilik becerilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.466549
36. Karmakar, I. (2020). A review of IT addiction in IS research. Adoption and Diffusion of Information Technology, (1), 1–11.
37. Kaya, Z., Vangölü, M. S., Marufoğlu, M., & Özdemir, M. (2023). Predicting digital addiction in adolescents: The role of perceived social support and well-being variables. International Journal of Progressive Education, 19(3), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2023.546.2
38. Kavsıracı, O., Demirbaş, M., & Tine, S. (2021). Karayolu trafik güvenliği’ne yönelik gerçekleştirilen sosyal kampanya, denetim, idari cezalar ve bireyler üzerindeki etkileri. İdealkent, 12(34), 1285–1309. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1013602
39. Khan, N. F., & Khan, M. N. (2022). A bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed literature on smartphone addiction and future research agenda. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 14(2), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-09-2021-0430
40. Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030311
41. Liu, J., Wu, L., Sun, X., Bai, X., and Duan, C. (2023). Active parental mediation and adolescent problematic Internet use: The mediating role of parent–child relationships and hiding online behavior. Behavioral Sciences, 13(8), 679. p.(1-15). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13080679
42. Livingstone, S., & Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children’s internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802437396
43. Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E. J., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G. A., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging strategies of parental mediation. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277
44. Maghsoudi, R., Shapka, J., & Wisniewski, P. (2020). Examining how online risk exposure and online social capital influence adolescent psychological stress. Computers in Human Behavior, 113, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106488
45. McDaniel, B. T., Linder, L., Vanden Abeele, M. M. P., Ventura, A. K., Coyne, S. M., & Barr, R. (2025). Technoference in parenting and impacts on parent–child relationships and child development. In D. A. Christakis & L. Hale (Eds.), Handbook of children and screens (pp. 411–417). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_56
46. Meng, X., Zhou, X., Luo, J., Li, J., Zhou, L., & Zhang, Y. (2025). A bibliometric analysis of the current state of research on family interventions for ASD. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, 1435612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1435612
47. Merigó, J. M., Cancino, C. A., Coronado, F., & Urbano, D. (2016). Academic research in innovation: A country analysis. Scientometrics, 108(2), 559–593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-016-1984-4
48. Meseguer-Sánchez, V., López-Martínez, G., Molina-Moreno, V., & Belmonte-Ureña, L. J. (2020). The role of women in a family economy: A bibliometric analysis in contexts of poverty. Sustainability, 12(24), Article 10328. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410328
49. Modecki, K. L., Goldberg, R. E., Wisniewski, P., & Orben, A. (2022). What is digital parenting? A systematic review of past measurement and blueprint for the future. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(6), 1673–1691. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211072458
50. Muslu, G. K., & Bolışık, B. (2009). Çocuk ve gençlerde internet kullanımı. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(5), 445–450.
51. Mutimmatul, F., Wibawa, S. C., & Ekawati, R. (2018). Digital addiction in Indonesian adolescent. In Mathematics, Informatics, Science, and Education International Conference (MISEIC 2018) (pp. 274–277). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/miseic-18.2018.66
52. Nagy, B., Kutrovátz, K., Király, G., & Rakovics, M. (2023). Parental mediation in the age of mobile technology. Children & Society, 37(2), 424–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12599
53. Nebhinani, N., & Kuppili, P. P. (2018). Pathological internet use in children and adolescents: Problem statement and preventive strategies. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 14(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973134220180301
54. Nielsen, P., Favez, N., Liddle, H., & Rigter, H. (2019). Linking parental mediation practices to adolescents’ problematic online screen use: A systematic literature review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(4), 649–663. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.61
55. Nikkelen, S. W. C., Valkenburg, P. M., Huizinga, M., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 50(9), 2228–2241. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037318
56. Nikken, P., & Jansz, J. (2014). Developing scales to measure parental mediation of young children’s internet use. Learning, Media and Technology, 39(2), 250–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2013.782038
57. Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Coyne, S. M. (2011). "Turn that thing off!" Parent and adolescent predictors of proactive media monitoring. Journal of Adolescence, 34(4), 705–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.09.00
58. Potas, N., Açıkalın, Ş. N., Erçetin, Ş. Ş., Koçtürk, N., Neyişci, N., Çevik, M. S., & Görgülü, D. (2022). Technology addiction of adolescents in the COVID-19 era: Mediating effect of attitude on awareness and behavior. Current Psychology, 41(4), 1687–1703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01470-8
59. Pinter, A. T., Wisniewski, P. J., Xu, H., Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M. (2017). Adolescent online safety: Moving beyond formative evaluations to designing solutions for the future. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Interaction Design and Children (pp. 352–357). https://doi.org/10.1145/3078072.30797
60. Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Yi Lin, L., Rosen, D., … Miller, E. (2017). Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the US. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010
61. Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. (2019). Digital screen time limits and young children's psychological well‐being: Evidence from a population‐based study. Child Development, 90(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13007
62. Rideout, V. J., & Robb, M. B. (2020). The Common Sense Census: Media use by kids age zero to eight. Common Sense Media. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37491.v2
63. Ruckwongpatr, K., Chirawat, P., Ghavifekr, S., Gan, W. Y., Tung, S. E., Nurmala, I., … Lin, C. Y. (2022). Problematic internet use (PIU) in youth: A brief literature review of selected topics. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 46, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101150
64. Rudi, J. H., Dworkin, J., Walker, S. K., & Doty, J. (2015). Parents' use of information and communications technologies for family communication: Differences by age of children. Information, Communication & Society, 18(1), 78–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2014.934390
65. Rugai, J., & Hamilton Ekeke, J. T. (2016). A review of digital addiction: A call for safety education. Journal of Education and e Learning Research, 3(1), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509/2016.3.1/509.1.17.22
66. Salido, A., Fauziah, P. Y., Kausar, A., Haskin, S., & Azhar, M. (2024). Parental involvement in students’ mathematics activities: A bibliometric analysis. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 20(10), em2513. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/15179
67. Saykılı, A. (2019). Higher education in the digital age: The impact of digital connective technologies. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.31681/jetol.516971
68. Sciacca, B., Laffan, D. A., Norman, J. O. H., & Milosevic, T. (2022). Parental mediation in pandemic: Predictors and relationship with children's digital skills and time spent online in Ireland. Computers in Human Behavior, 127, 107081. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107081
69. Seker, R., Kartal, T., Tasdemir, A., & Kızıltepe, I. S. (2023). Examining adolescents’ technology addiction levels before and after COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 9(4), 330–347. https://doi.org/10.55549/jeseh.1381263
70. Shin, M., Juventin, M., Chu, J. T. W., Manor, Y., & Kemps, E. (2022). Online media consumption and depression in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, 107129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107129
71. Song, Z., Jia, G., Luo, G., Han, C., Zhang, B., & Wang, X. (2023). Global research trends of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children: A bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1306234. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2023.1306234
72. Steinberg, L. (2014). Age of opportunity: Lessons from the new science of adolescence. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
73. Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Davey, L. (2014). Adolescents’ compulsive internet use and depression: A longitudinal study. Open Journal of Depression, 3(1), 13–17. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojd.2014.31005
74. Toklu Baloglu, H., & Caferoglu Akin, Z. (2024). A cross-sectional descriptive analysis of technology addiction in adolescents: Associations with food addiction, emotional eating, and body weight status. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 43(1), 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-024-00675-4
75. Topan, A., Anol, S., Taşdelen, Y., & Kurt, A. (2024). Exploring the relationship between cyberbullying and technology addiction in adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 41(1), 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.13433
76. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). (2024). Çocuklarda bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması, 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Cocuklarda-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2024-53638
77. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA). (2020). Teknoloji bağımlılığı araştırması raporu. TÜBA Yayınları. https://www.tuba.gov.tr/files/yayinlar/bilim-ve-dusun/TUBA-978-605-2249-48-2_Ch11.pdf
78. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 12, 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003
79. UNICEF & ITU. (2020). How many children and young people have internet access at home? https://www.unicef.org/media/88381/file/how-many-children-and-young-people-have-internet-access-at-home-2020.pdf
80. Urbán, D. J., La Greca, A. M., García-Fernández, J. M., & Ingles, C. J. (2024). A bibliometric analysis on adolescent social anxiety and psychoeducational variables in Web of Science 2002–2021. The Journal of General Psychology, 151(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.2022.2161982
81. Üstündağ Alkan, R., Aslan, A., Turgut, Y. E., & Kurşun, E. (2021). Factors affecting parental mediation strategies in children’s technology use: A systematic review. Journal of Computer and Education Research, 9(18), 702–723. https://doi.org/10.18009/jcer.925859
82. Verma, S., & Gustafsson, A. (2020). Investigating the emerging COVID-19 research trends in the field of business and management: A bibliometric analysis approach. Journal of Business Research, 118, 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.057
83. Warren, R. (2020). Parental mediation of media use and effects. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0168
84. Yang, H., Ng, W. Q., Yang, Y., & Yang, S. (2022). Inconsistent media mediation and problematic smartphone use in preschoolers: Maternal conflict resolution styles as moderators. Children, 9(6), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060816
85. Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
86. Yu, A. J. (2015). Family environments, parental rearing patterns and internet addiction in middle school students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 1058–1060. https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2015.06.024
87. Zaman, B., & Mifsud, C. L. (2017). Editorial: Young children’s use of digital media and parental mediation. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 11(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2017-3-xx
88. Zhao, P., Bazarova, N. N., & Valle, N. (2023). Digital parenting divides: The role of parental capital and digital parenting readiness in parental digital mediation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 28(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad032