REFAKATSİZ SIĞINMACI ÇOCUKLARIN AVRUPA’YA YÖNELİK GÖÇ DENEYİMLERİ: ELEŞTİREL BİR LİTERATÜR DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 46, 83 - 104, 26.05.2020

Gamze Kaçar Tunç

https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.v20i54504.537017

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Kavramsal olarak tek tipleştirilen mülteciler ve sığınmacıların aslında kendi içlerinde oldukça farklılaştığı çoğunlukla görmezden gelinmektedir. Zorunlu göç deneyimine maruz kalan ve sığınma arayanlara biraz yakından bakılınca, onlardan önemli bir kısmının yalnız başına yollara düşmüş refakatsiz çocuklar olduğu görülebilir. Refakatsiz çocukların sığınma arayışı, son dönemde gündeme gelen mülteci krizi ile birlikte artış göstermiştir. Özellikle Ortadoğu ve Afrika ülkelerinden Avrupa‟ya yönelmiş göç rotaları, 2015 yılında 95,000‟den fazla refakatsiz çocuk tarafından takip edilmiştir. Refakatsiz çocuklar konusu, genel mülteci tartışmaları içerisinde eksikliği hissedilen bir konudur. Bu nedenle bu makalenin amacı hem konuyu gündeme taşımak hem de var olan literatürü tarayarak konu hakkında genel bir durum değerlendirmesi yapmak ve daha fazla neler yapılabileceğine dikkat çekmektir. Sonuç olarak yapılan çalışmaların oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Daha detaylı olarak ise çocukları göç etmeden önceki hayatlarına da odaklanan, refakatsiz kız çocuklarını da içerisine alan, çocukların özellikle 18 yaşından sonraki durumlarını da değerlendiren, barınma merkezlerinin koşullarını analiz eden ve eğitim, dil öğrenimi gibi faktörleri de içerisine alan sosyal uyum problemlerine odaklan araştırmalara ihtiyaç olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Keywords

Refakatsiz Çocuklar, Ayrı Düşmüş Çocuklar, Sığınmacı, Mülteci, Avrupa, Göç

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