Child maltreatment is a social problem that is emphasized and researched around the World. The phenomenon of sexual abuse is different from other types of abuse, since there is no eyewitness other than the victim and perpetrator. Children exposed to sexual abuse are sometimes pressured by family members to keep secret or deny what happened because the abuser is a family member which makes it difficult to reveal sexual abuse. Forensic interview is one of the most important tools in order to obtain information about what happened from the child who is the victim of abuse. The fact that the forensic interviewer is an expert in the field increases the probability of getting a full and correct answer from the child victim of abuse. The history of forensic interview with a child in the UK is older than in Turkey, the process that started in the late 1970s accelerated in the 1990s. The process of forensic interviewing with children in Turkey gained momentum especially with the publication of the Child Monitoring Center circular in 2012. It is pleasing that the number of Child Monitoring Centers affiliated to the Ministry of Health and Forensic Interview Rooms affiliated to the Ministry of Justice has increased rapidly since 2012. There is no forensic interview protocol yet in Turkey. It is believed that it would be appropriate to prepare a forensic interview protocol as soon as possible with the studies carried out on this subject. This article initially focus on investigative interviewing of children and then discuss the important components that may impact the children’s testimony. Interview aids, cognitive interview, multiple interviews with children and the role of interviewer will be outlined. In addition to that, investigative interviewing of children in the UK and Turkey will be discussed.
Aldridge, M. and Wood, J. (1998). Interviewing Children: A guide for child care and forensic practitioners. Wiley.
Anderson, J.N. (2013). The cornerhouse forensic interview protocol. An evolution in practice for almost 25 Years. Apsac Advisor. 4, 2-7.
Andrews, JS., Lamb, EM (2014). The effects of age and delay on responses to repeated questions in forensic interviews with children. Law and Human Behaviour, 2, 171-180.
Bağ, Ö., ve Alşen, S. (2016). Çocuğun cinsel istismarının değerlendirilmesinde yeni model: Çocuk İzlem Merkezleri. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi, 6(1), 9-14. doi:10.5222/buchd.2016.009.
Barlow, C. M., Jolley, R. P., and Hallam, J. L. (2011). Drawings as memory aids: Optimising the drawing method to facilitate young children's recall. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 480-487.
Bayün, S.,ve Dinçer, C.N. (2013). Çocuk İzlem Merkezi. Hukuk Gündemi Dergisi, 2013/2, http://www.ankarabarosu.org.tr/siteler/ankarabarosu/hgdmakale/2013-2/23.pdf Retrieved on:12.06.2023
Benson, M. S., and Powell, M. B. (2015). Evaluation of a comprehensive interactive training system for investigative interviewers of children. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21(3), 309.
Bergelson, YO., Dayan, Y., Wahle, N., and Strier, D.R (2019). A qualitative interview with young children: What encourages or inhibits young children’s participation? International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 18, 1-9.
Bourg W, Broderick R, Flagor R, Kelly MD, Ervin LD, and Butler J. (1999). A child interviewer’s guidebook. Sage.
Brown, D., Pipe, EM, Lewis, C., Lamb, EM., and Orbach, Y (2012). How do body diagrams affect the accuracy and consistency of children’s reports of bodily touch across repeated interviews? Applied Cognitive Psychology. 26, 174-181.
Brown, D. (2011). The use of supplementary techniques in forensic interviews with children. In EM., Lamb, DJ, La Rooy, LC, Katz (Eds). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Pschological Research and Forensic Practices.
(pp.217-250), Wiley.
Bull, R. & Milne, B. (2004) Attempts to improve the police Interviewing of suspects. In Lassiter, D. G. (Ed.). Interrogations, Confessions and Entrapment. 181-196, Kluwer.
Bull, R. (2010). The Investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: Psychological research and working/professional practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology 15, 5-23.
Bussey, K. (2009). An international perspective on child witnesses. In L.B. Bottoms, J.C., Najdowski, S.G., Goodman, (Eds.). Children as Victims, Witnesses and Offenders, Psychological Science and Law (pp.209-232). The Guildford Press.
Canter, D., Alison,L. (1999). Interviewing and deception. Routledge.
Ceci, J.S., and Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children’s testimony. American Psychological Association.
Ceci, J.S., Bruck, M., and Battin, B.D. (2000). The suggestibility of children’s testimony. In F.D., Bjorklund (Ed.), False Memory Creation In Children and Adults. 169-202, Lawrence Erlbaum.
Clifford, R.B., and Memon, A. (1999). Obtaining detailed testimony: The cognitive interview. In H.A. Armstrong, E., Shepherd, D. Wolchover (Eds.). Analysing Witness Testimony. (pp.146-161). Blackstone Press.
Çocuk İstismarı Raporu (2016). Şiddeti önleme ve rehabilitasyon derneği. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Suç ve Şiddetle Mücadele Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi. Erişim adresi: http://imdat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/%C3%87OCUK- Erişim tarihi:26.06.2023.
Çağlar, EE., ve Türk, T. (2019). İstismara maruz kalan çocuklarla adli görüşme: Nichd Protokolü Önerisi. TAAD. 38, 393-412.
Dağlı, ET., and İnanıcı, MA (2011). Hastane temelli çocuk koruma merkezleri için başvuru kitabı: İhmal ve istismara uğrayan çocuğa bütüncül yaklaşım. Fersa.
Dando, J.C. and Milne, R. (2009). Cognitive interviewing. In N.R. Kocsis (Ed.), Applied Criminal Psychology: A Guide to Forensic Behavioural Sciences. (pp.147-167), Charles Thomas Pub. Ltd.
Eisen, L. M. Goodman, S. G. Davis, L. S. and Qin, J. (1999). Individual differences in maltreated children’s memory and suggestibility. In M.L., Williams, L.V., Banyard, (Eds.). Trauma & Memory. (pp.31-46), Sage Pub.
Coulborn-Faller, K., and Corwin, D. L. (1995). Children's interview statements and behaviors: Role in identifying sexually abused children. Child abuse & neglect, 19(1), 71-82.
Fanetti, M., and Boles, R. (2004). Forensic interviewing and assessment issues with children. In W. T. O'Donohue & E. R. Levensky (Eds.), Handbook of forensic psychology: Resource for mental health and legal professionals. 245–265, Elsevier Science.
Fisher, R., and Geiselman, E. R. (1992). Memory enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing. Charles Thomas Publisher.
Fisher, P.R., Milne, R. and Bull, R. (2011). Interviewing cooperative witnesses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(1), 16-19.
Gitlin, B. I., and Pezdek, K. (2009). Children’s memory in forensic contexts. In L.B., Bottoms, J.C., Najdowski, S.G., Goodman (Eds.). Children as Victims, Witnesses and Offenders, Psychological Science and Law. (pp.57-80), The Guildford Press.
Griffiths, A. and Milne, B. (2010). The application of cognitive interview techniques as part of an investigation. In A.C. Ireland, J.M. Fisher (Eds.), Consultancy and Advising in Forensic Practice: Empirical and Practical Guidelines. (pp.71-90), Wiley.
Hershkowitz, I. (2011). Rapport building in investigative interviews of children. In Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. 109-128, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Holliday, E.R., Brainerd, J.C. and Reyna, F.V. (2008). Interviewing vulnerable witnesses. In G. Davies, & C. Hollin (Eds.), Forensic Psychology. (pp.87-112), Wiley.
Holliday, E.R., Humphries, E.H., Brainerd, J.C. & Reyna, F.V. (2012). Interviewing vulnerable witnesses. In G. Davies, A. Beech (Eds.), Forensic Psychology: Crime, Justice, Law, Interventions. (pp.115-134), Wiley.
Hümanistik Büro (2014). Türkiye’de çocuk koruma ve önleme sistemleri haritası. Erişim adresi:http://www.cocukkorumaharitasi.info/dosyadepo Erişim tarihi: 02.07.2023.
Kohnken, G., Milne, R., Memon, A. and Bull, R. (1999). The cognitive interview: A meta-analysis. Psychology, Crime & Law, 5, 3-27.
Lamb, M.E., Hershkowitz, I., & Orbach, Y. (2008). Interviewing children about abuse: An overview and introduction. In G. Davies, R. Bull (Eds.). Tell Me What Happened.1-17, Wiley.
Mağdur Hakları Daire Başkanlığı (2023). Adli görüşme odaları. Erişim Adresi: https://magdur.adalet.gov.tr/Home/SayfaDetay/agonedir Erişim tarihi: 18.07.2023
Malloy, C. L. Rooy, L. J. D. Lamb, E. M. and Katz, C. (2011). Developmentally sensitive interviewing for legal purposes. In E.M., Lamb, L.J., Rooy, D. Malloy, C. L. Katz, (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (pp.1-14), Wiley.
Milne, R. and Bull, R. (1999). Investigative interviewing psychology and practice. Wiley.
Milne, B. Shaw, and G. Bull, R. (2007). Investigative interviewing: The roles of research. In D.
Carson, R. Milne, F. Pakes, K. Shalev, A. Shawyer (Eds.). Applying Criminology to Criminal Justice. 65-80, Wiley.
Milne, B. and Powell, M. (2010). Investigative interviewing. In M.J. Brown, A.E, Campbell, (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology. (pp.208-214), Cambridge University Press.
Myklebust, T., Oxburgh, E. G. (2011) Reviewing the case (post interview). In E.M. Lamb, L. Rooy, D. Malloy, C. Katz (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (2’nd ed.). (165-178), Wiley.
Orbach, Y. and Shiloach, H. (2007). Reluctant disclosures of child sexual abuse. In E.M. Pipe, E.M., Lamb, Y., Orbach, C.A., Cederborg (Eds.), Child Sexual Abuse: Disclosure, Delay and Denial.(pp.115-134), Taylor & Francis Group.
Polat, O. (2015). Tüm boyutlarıyla pedofili. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 1, 60-70
Poole, AD., and Lamb, EM (1998). Investigative interviews of children. A guide for helping professionals American Psychological Ass.Press.
Pozzulo, DJ (2007). Persone description and identification by child witnesses. In L.C.R., Lindsay, F.D., Ross, D.J., Read, P.M., Toglia, (Eds.). Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology. (pp.283-308). Lawrence Erlbaum.
La Rooy, J.D., Malloy, C.L., and Lamb, E.M. (2011). The development of memory in childhood. In E.M. Lamb, L. Rooy, D. Malloy, C. L., Katz, (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (2’nd ed.). (pp.49-68), Wiley.
Mağdur Hakları Daire Başkanlığı. (2018). Adli görüşme odaları. www.magdur.adalet.gov.tr/ago-nedir-01587 Retrieved on: 19.07.2023
Santtila, P., Korkman, J., and Sandnabba, K. (2004). Effects of interview phase, repeated interviewing, presence of a support person and anatomically detailed dolls on child sexual abuse interviews. Psychology, Crime & Law. 10, 21-35.
Sattar, R. G. (2000). The interviewing and preparation of child witness for legal purposes. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Portsmouth.
Saywitz, J. K. and Camparo, B. L. (2009). Contemporary child forensic interviewing: Evolving consensus and innovation over 25 Years. In L.B. Bottoms, J.C. Najdowski, S.G. Goodman (Eds.). Children as Victims, Witnesses and Offenders, Psychological Science and Law. (pp.102-127), The Guildford Press.
Shawyer, A. Milne, B. and Bull, R. (2009). Investigative interviewing in the UK. In T. Williamson, B. Milne, P.S. Savage (Eds.), International Developments in Investigative Interviewing. (pp.24-38), Willan Pub.
Shepherd, E. and Milne, R. (2006). Have you told management about this? Bringing witness interviewing into the twenty-first century? In H.A. Armstrong, E. Shepherd, G. Gudjonsson, D. Wolchover (Eds.), Witness Testimony: Psychological, Investigative and Evidential Perspectives. (pp.131-152), Oxford University Press.
Spencer, J. (2011). Introductory presentation to children’s evidence in legal proceedings. Cambridge University conference.
Stewart, H. Katz, C. and Rooy, L. J. (2011). Training forensic interviewers. In E.M. Lamb, L. Rooy, D. Malloy, C. Katz (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (pp.199-216), John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Sumampouw, E.J.N., Otgaar, H., La Rooy, D., Ruiter, C. (2020). The quality of forensic child interviewing in sexual abuse cases in indonesia. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 35, 170-181.
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Türk, T. (2017). Cinsel istismar mağduru çocuk ile yapılan adli görüşmelerin adli görüşme teknikleri açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış YL Tezi. İstanbul.
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İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE'DE ÇOCUKLARLA ADLİ GÖRÜŞMEYE İLİŞKİN MEVCUT DURUM DEĞERLENDİRMESİ
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 23 Sayı: 60, 545 - 561, 29.09.2023
Çocuğa yönelik fena muamele günümüzde dünya genelinde üzerinde durulan ve araştırmalara konu olan bir sosyal sorundur. Cinsel istismar olgusu genelde istismar mağduru ile istismarcının dışında başka bir görgü tanığı olmaması sebebiyle diğer istismar türlerinden farklıdır. Cinsel istismara maruz kalan çocuklar bazen istismarcının aile üyesi olması sebebiyle yaşananları gizli tutması ya da inkar etmesi için aile üyeleri tarafından baskıya maruz kalmakta bu durum cinsel istismarın ortaya çıkarılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Adli görüşme istismar mağduru çocuktan yaşananlar hakkında bilgi almak adına en önemli araçlardan birisidir. Adli görüşmecinin alanında uzman olması mağdur çocuktan istismarla ilgili tam ve doğru yanıt alınması olasılığını arttırmaktadır. Birleşik Krallıkta çocukla adli görüşmenin tarihçesi Türkiye’ye nazaran daha eskidir, 1970’li yılların sonunda başlayan süreç 1990’lı yıllarda hızlanmıştır. Türkiye’de çocukla adli görüşme süreci özellikle 2012 yılında Çocuk İzlem Merkezi genelgesinin yayınlanmasıyla hız kazanmıştır. 2012 yılından beri Sağlık Bakanlığına bağlı Çocuk İzlem Merkezleri ile Adalet Bakanlığına bağlı Adli Görüşme Odalarının sayısının hızla artması memnuniyet vericidir. Türkiye’de henüz çocukla adli görüşme protokolü bulunmamaktadır. Bu konuda yürütülen çalışmalarla en kısa zamanda adli görüşme protokolü hazırlanmasının isabetli olacağına inanılmaktadır. Bu makale ilk olarak çocuklarla adli amaçlı görüşmeye odaklanmakta ve daha sonra çocukların ifadesini etkileyebilecek önemli bileşenleri tartışmaktadır. Mülakat yardımcıları, bilişsel mülakat, çocuklarla çoklu mülakatlar ve mülakatçının rolü ana hatlarıyla ele alınacaktır. Buna ek olarak, İngiltere ve Türkiye'de çocuklarla yapılan adli görüşmeler tartışılacaktır.
Aldridge, M. and Wood, J. (1998). Interviewing Children: A guide for child care and forensic practitioners. Wiley.
Anderson, J.N. (2013). The cornerhouse forensic interview protocol. An evolution in practice for almost 25 Years. Apsac Advisor. 4, 2-7.
Andrews, JS., Lamb, EM (2014). The effects of age and delay on responses to repeated questions in forensic interviews with children. Law and Human Behaviour, 2, 171-180.
Bağ, Ö., ve Alşen, S. (2016). Çocuğun cinsel istismarının değerlendirilmesinde yeni model: Çocuk İzlem Merkezleri. İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Dergisi, 6(1), 9-14. doi:10.5222/buchd.2016.009.
Barlow, C. M., Jolley, R. P., and Hallam, J. L. (2011). Drawings as memory aids: Optimising the drawing method to facilitate young children's recall. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 480-487.
Bayün, S.,ve Dinçer, C.N. (2013). Çocuk İzlem Merkezi. Hukuk Gündemi Dergisi, 2013/2, http://www.ankarabarosu.org.tr/siteler/ankarabarosu/hgdmakale/2013-2/23.pdf Retrieved on:12.06.2023
Benson, M. S., and Powell, M. B. (2015). Evaluation of a comprehensive interactive training system for investigative interviewers of children. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 21(3), 309.
Bergelson, YO., Dayan, Y., Wahle, N., and Strier, D.R (2019). A qualitative interview with young children: What encourages or inhibits young children’s participation? International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 18, 1-9.
Bourg W, Broderick R, Flagor R, Kelly MD, Ervin LD, and Butler J. (1999). A child interviewer’s guidebook. Sage.
Brown, D., Pipe, EM, Lewis, C., Lamb, EM., and Orbach, Y (2012). How do body diagrams affect the accuracy and consistency of children’s reports of bodily touch across repeated interviews? Applied Cognitive Psychology. 26, 174-181.
Brown, D. (2011). The use of supplementary techniques in forensic interviews with children. In EM., Lamb, DJ, La Rooy, LC, Katz (Eds). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Pschological Research and Forensic Practices.
(pp.217-250), Wiley.
Bull, R. & Milne, B. (2004) Attempts to improve the police Interviewing of suspects. In Lassiter, D. G. (Ed.). Interrogations, Confessions and Entrapment. 181-196, Kluwer.
Bull, R. (2010). The Investigative interviewing of children and other vulnerable witnesses: Psychological research and working/professional practice. Legal and Criminological Psychology 15, 5-23.
Bussey, K. (2009). An international perspective on child witnesses. In L.B. Bottoms, J.C., Najdowski, S.G., Goodman, (Eds.). Children as Victims, Witnesses and Offenders, Psychological Science and Law (pp.209-232). The Guildford Press.
Canter, D., Alison,L. (1999). Interviewing and deception. Routledge.
Ceci, J.S., and Bruck, M. (1995). Jeopardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of children’s testimony. American Psychological Association.
Ceci, J.S., Bruck, M., and Battin, B.D. (2000). The suggestibility of children’s testimony. In F.D., Bjorklund (Ed.), False Memory Creation In Children and Adults. 169-202, Lawrence Erlbaum.
Clifford, R.B., and Memon, A. (1999). Obtaining detailed testimony: The cognitive interview. In H.A. Armstrong, E., Shepherd, D. Wolchover (Eds.). Analysing Witness Testimony. (pp.146-161). Blackstone Press.
Çocuk İstismarı Raporu (2016). Şiddeti önleme ve rehabilitasyon derneği. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Suç ve Şiddetle Mücadele Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi. Erişim adresi: http://imdat.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/%C3%87OCUK- Erişim tarihi:26.06.2023.
Çağlar, EE., ve Türk, T. (2019). İstismara maruz kalan çocuklarla adli görüşme: Nichd Protokolü Önerisi. TAAD. 38, 393-412.
Dağlı, ET., and İnanıcı, MA (2011). Hastane temelli çocuk koruma merkezleri için başvuru kitabı: İhmal ve istismara uğrayan çocuğa bütüncül yaklaşım. Fersa.
Dando, J.C. and Milne, R. (2009). Cognitive interviewing. In N.R. Kocsis (Ed.), Applied Criminal Psychology: A Guide to Forensic Behavioural Sciences. (pp.147-167), Charles Thomas Pub. Ltd.
Eisen, L. M. Goodman, S. G. Davis, L. S. and Qin, J. (1999). Individual differences in maltreated children’s memory and suggestibility. In M.L., Williams, L.V., Banyard, (Eds.). Trauma & Memory. (pp.31-46), Sage Pub.
Coulborn-Faller, K., and Corwin, D. L. (1995). Children's interview statements and behaviors: Role in identifying sexually abused children. Child abuse & neglect, 19(1), 71-82.
Fanetti, M., and Boles, R. (2004). Forensic interviewing and assessment issues with children. In W. T. O'Donohue & E. R. Levensky (Eds.), Handbook of forensic psychology: Resource for mental health and legal professionals. 245–265, Elsevier Science.
Fisher, R., and Geiselman, E. R. (1992). Memory enhancing techniques for investigative interviewing. Charles Thomas Publisher.
Fisher, P.R., Milne, R. and Bull, R. (2011). Interviewing cooperative witnesses. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(1), 16-19.
Gitlin, B. I., and Pezdek, K. (2009). Children’s memory in forensic contexts. In L.B., Bottoms, J.C., Najdowski, S.G., Goodman (Eds.). Children as Victims, Witnesses and Offenders, Psychological Science and Law. (pp.57-80), The Guildford Press.
Griffiths, A. and Milne, B. (2010). The application of cognitive interview techniques as part of an investigation. In A.C. Ireland, J.M. Fisher (Eds.), Consultancy and Advising in Forensic Practice: Empirical and Practical Guidelines. (pp.71-90), Wiley.
Hershkowitz, I. (2011). Rapport building in investigative interviews of children. In Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. 109-128, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Holliday, E.R., Brainerd, J.C. and Reyna, F.V. (2008). Interviewing vulnerable witnesses. In G. Davies, & C. Hollin (Eds.), Forensic Psychology. (pp.87-112), Wiley.
Holliday, E.R., Humphries, E.H., Brainerd, J.C. & Reyna, F.V. (2012). Interviewing vulnerable witnesses. In G. Davies, A. Beech (Eds.), Forensic Psychology: Crime, Justice, Law, Interventions. (pp.115-134), Wiley.
Hümanistik Büro (2014). Türkiye’de çocuk koruma ve önleme sistemleri haritası. Erişim adresi:http://www.cocukkorumaharitasi.info/dosyadepo Erişim tarihi: 02.07.2023.
Kohnken, G., Milne, R., Memon, A. and Bull, R. (1999). The cognitive interview: A meta-analysis. Psychology, Crime & Law, 5, 3-27.
Lamb, M.E., Hershkowitz, I., & Orbach, Y. (2008). Interviewing children about abuse: An overview and introduction. In G. Davies, R. Bull (Eds.). Tell Me What Happened.1-17, Wiley.
Mağdur Hakları Daire Başkanlığı (2023). Adli görüşme odaları. Erişim Adresi: https://magdur.adalet.gov.tr/Home/SayfaDetay/agonedir Erişim tarihi: 18.07.2023
Malloy, C. L. Rooy, L. J. D. Lamb, E. M. and Katz, C. (2011). Developmentally sensitive interviewing for legal purposes. In E.M., Lamb, L.J., Rooy, D. Malloy, C. L. Katz, (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (pp.1-14), Wiley.
Milne, R. and Bull, R. (1999). Investigative interviewing psychology and practice. Wiley.
Milne, B. Shaw, and G. Bull, R. (2007). Investigative interviewing: The roles of research. In D.
Carson, R. Milne, F. Pakes, K. Shalev, A. Shawyer (Eds.). Applying Criminology to Criminal Justice. 65-80, Wiley.
Milne, B. and Powell, M. (2010). Investigative interviewing. In M.J. Brown, A.E, Campbell, (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology. (pp.208-214), Cambridge University Press.
Myklebust, T., Oxburgh, E. G. (2011) Reviewing the case (post interview). In E.M. Lamb, L. Rooy, D. Malloy, C. Katz (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (2’nd ed.). (165-178), Wiley.
Orbach, Y. and Shiloach, H. (2007). Reluctant disclosures of child sexual abuse. In E.M. Pipe, E.M., Lamb, Y., Orbach, C.A., Cederborg (Eds.), Child Sexual Abuse: Disclosure, Delay and Denial.(pp.115-134), Taylor & Francis Group.
Polat, O. (2015). Tüm boyutlarıyla pedofili. Adli Tıp Bülteni. 1, 60-70
Poole, AD., and Lamb, EM (1998). Investigative interviews of children. A guide for helping professionals American Psychological Ass.Press.
Pozzulo, DJ (2007). Persone description and identification by child witnesses. In L.C.R., Lindsay, F.D., Ross, D.J., Read, P.M., Toglia, (Eds.). Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology. (pp.283-308). Lawrence Erlbaum.
La Rooy, J.D., Malloy, C.L., and Lamb, E.M. (2011). The development of memory in childhood. In E.M. Lamb, L. Rooy, D. Malloy, C. L., Katz, (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (2’nd ed.). (pp.49-68), Wiley.
Mağdur Hakları Daire Başkanlığı. (2018). Adli görüşme odaları. www.magdur.adalet.gov.tr/ago-nedir-01587 Retrieved on: 19.07.2023
Santtila, P., Korkman, J., and Sandnabba, K. (2004). Effects of interview phase, repeated interviewing, presence of a support person and anatomically detailed dolls on child sexual abuse interviews. Psychology, Crime & Law. 10, 21-35.
Sattar, R. G. (2000). The interviewing and preparation of child witness for legal purposes. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Portsmouth.
Saywitz, J. K. and Camparo, B. L. (2009). Contemporary child forensic interviewing: Evolving consensus and innovation over 25 Years. In L.B. Bottoms, J.C. Najdowski, S.G. Goodman (Eds.). Children as Victims, Witnesses and Offenders, Psychological Science and Law. (pp.102-127), The Guildford Press.
Shawyer, A. Milne, B. and Bull, R. (2009). Investigative interviewing in the UK. In T. Williamson, B. Milne, P.S. Savage (Eds.), International Developments in Investigative Interviewing. (pp.24-38), Willan Pub.
Shepherd, E. and Milne, R. (2006). Have you told management about this? Bringing witness interviewing into the twenty-first century? In H.A. Armstrong, E. Shepherd, G. Gudjonsson, D. Wolchover (Eds.), Witness Testimony: Psychological, Investigative and Evidential Perspectives. (pp.131-152), Oxford University Press.
Spencer, J. (2011). Introductory presentation to children’s evidence in legal proceedings. Cambridge University conference.
Stewart, H. Katz, C. and Rooy, L. J. (2011). Training forensic interviewers. In E.M. Lamb, L. Rooy, D. Malloy, C. Katz (Eds.). Children’s Testimony: A Handbook of Psychological Research and Forensic Practice. (pp.199-216), John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Sumampouw, E.J.N., Otgaar, H., La Rooy, D., Ruiter, C. (2020). The quality of forensic child interviewing in sexual abuse cases in indonesia. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 35, 170-181.
Towl, J.G., Farrington, P.D. & Hughes, G. (2008). Dictionary of forensic psychology. Willan Pub.
Trabzon Barosu Çocuk Hakları Komisyonu Raporu. (2015). Çocuk izlem merkezleri. Erişim adresi:http://web.e-baro.web.tr/uploads/61/2015/cim%20tr.pdf Erişim tarihi: 04.07.2023.
Türk, T. (2017). Cinsel istismar mağduru çocuk ile yapılan adli görüşmelerin adli görüşme teknikleri açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış YL Tezi. İstanbul.
Widom, C. S., and Massey, C. (2015). A prospective examination of whether childhood sexual abuse predicts subsequent sexual offending. JAMA pediatrics, 169(1), 1-7
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Klinik Sosyal Hizmet Uygulaması, Adli Sosyal Bilimler
Batman, H., & Gökçearslan, E. (2023). THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 23(60), 545-561. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1339428
AMA
Batman H, Gökçearslan E. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. Eylül 2023;23(60):545-561. doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1339428
Chicago
Batman, Hüseyin, ve Elif Gökçearslan. “THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 23, sy. 60 (Eylül 2023): 545-61. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1339428.
EndNote
Batman H, Gökçearslan E (01 Eylül 2023) THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 23 60 545–561.
IEEE
H. Batman ve E. Gökçearslan, “THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY”, Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 60, ss. 545–561, 2023, doi: 10.21560/spcd.vi.1339428.
ISNAD
Batman, Hüseyin - Gökçearslan, Elif. “THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi 23/60 (Eylül 2023), 545-561. https://doi.org/10.21560/spcd.vi.1339428.
JAMA
Batman H, Gökçearslan E. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2023;23:545–561.
MLA
Batman, Hüseyin ve Elif Gökçearslan. “THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY”. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, c. 23, sy. 60, 2023, ss. 545-61, doi:10.21560/spcd.vi.1339428.
Vancouver
Batman H, Gökçearslan E. THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING OF CHILDREN IN THE UK AND TURKEY. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi. 2023;23(60):545-61.