Research Article
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What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It

Year 2015, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 62 - 77, 11.05.2015

Abstract

International organizations work to develop production and exchange (and productivity and
competitiveness) on a global scale, in ways that vary from time to time in accordance with the
state of the world market as a whole and from place to place in accordance with the situation
of individual states. In recent decades the focus on productivity and competitiveness on a
world-wide scale has intensified, prompting a conjunctural focus on responses to the ‘global
financial crisis’, and a deeper strategic focus on ‘structural reforms’. The latter focus on
extending global value chains, promoting industrial policy, pursuing the formalization of
labour, reforming labour markets and social protection, and lowering barriers to trade, in
ways that reflect the ‘completion of the world market’ in terms of exchange. Against this
background the World Bank’s 2015 World Development Report, Mind, Society and Behavior,
exemplifies the principal objective of current global policy - to induce people around the world
to conform in thought and behaviour to the requirements of globally competitive capitalism. It
is seen as the logical culmination and the cutting edge of twenty-five years of increasingly
focused and coordinated work on the part of the international institutions charged with
governing the global economy.

References

  • AfDB (2014) African Economic Outlook 2014: Global Value Chains and Africa’s Industrialisation. Tunis: AfDB.
  • ADB (2014) Asian Development Outlook 2014 Update: Asia in Global Value Chains. Manila: ADB.
  • Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo (2011) Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. Public Affairs: New York.
  • Berg, Gunhild, and Bilal Zia (2013) Harnessing Emotional Connections to Improve Financial Decisions: Evaluating the Impact of Financial Education in Mainstream Media, Policy Research Working Paper 6407, World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • Cammack, Paul (2001a) ‘Making the Poor Work for Globalisation?’, New Political Economy, 6(3) November 2001: 397-408.
  • Cammack, Paul (2001b) Making Poverty Work, in Colin Leys and Leo Panitch, eds, A World of Contradictions: Socialist Register 2002. London: Merlin Press.
  • Cammack, Paul (2002) Attacking the Poor, New Left Review 2(13), Jan-Feb: 125-134.
  • Cammack, Paul (2003) The Governance of Global Capitalism: a new materialist perspective, Historical Materialism, 11(2): 37-61.
  • Cammack, Paul (2004) What the World Bank Means by Poverty Reduction, and Why It Matters, New Political Economy, 9(2): 189-211.
  • Cammack, Paul (2006a) ‘The Politics of Global Competitiveness’, Papers in the Politics of Global Competitiveness, No. 1, Institute for Global Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, espace Open Access Repository, November.
  • Cammack, Paul (2006b) ‘UN Imperialism: unleashing entrepreneurship in the developing world’, Papers in the Politics of Global Competitiveness, No. 2, Institute for Global Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, e-space Open Access Repository.
  • Cammack, Paul (2012a) ‘The G20, the Crisis, and the Rise of Global Developmental Liberalism’, Third World Quarterly, 33(1): 1-16.
  • Cammack, Paul (2012b) ‘Risk, Social Protection and the World Market’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 42(3): 359-377.
  • Cammack, Paul (2013a) ‘The Inter-American Development Bank in the Face of the Global Financial Crisis, Working Papers Series: The Multilateral Development Banks and the Global Financial Crisis, No. 5, Southeast Asian Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, September 2013.
  • Cammack, Paul (2013b) Classical Marxism. In Thomas Weiss and Rorden Wilkinson (eds) International Organization and Global Governance. New York: Routledge.
  • Cammack, Paul (2014a) ‘The UNDP and the End of Human Development: A Critique of the 2013 Human Development Report, Working Papers Series: The Multilateral Development Banks and the Global Financial Crisis, No. 6, Southeast Asian Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, August 2014.
  • Cammack, Paul (2014b) ‘The World Development Report 2015: Programming the Poor, Working Papers Series: The Multilateral Development Banks and the Global Financial Crisis No. 7, Southeast Asian Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, December 2014.
  • Carroll, Toby (2012) ‘Working On, Through and Around the State: The deep marketisation of development in the Asia-Pacific’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 42(3): 378-404.
  • Carroll, Toby (2015) ‘”Access to Finance” and the Death of Development in the Asia-Pacific’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 45(1): 139-166.
  • Carroll, Toby and Darryl SL Jarvis (2014) ‘Introduction: Financialisation and Development in Asia under Late Capitalism’, Asian Studies Review 38(4): 533-543.
  • Devoto, Florencia, Esther Dulfo, Pascaline Dupas, William Parienté, and Vincent Pons (2012) Happiness on Tap: Piped Water Adoption in Urban Morocco, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4(4): 68–99.
  • Dupas, Pascaline and Jonathan Robinson (2014) The Daily Grind: Cash Needs, Labor Supply and SelfControl, ms.
  • ECLAC (2014) Global Value Chains and World Trade: Prospects and challenges for Latin America. Santiago: ECLAC.
  • Gertler, Paul, Susan M. Chang, James Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto, Sally Grantham-McGregor, Arianna Zanolini, Christel Vermeersch, and Susan Walker. 2014. ‘Labor Market Returns to an Early Childhood Stimulation Intervention in Jamaica’, Science 344 (6187): 998–1001.
  • IDB (2014) Synchronized Factories: Latin America and the Caribbean in the Era of Global Value Chains. Washington DC: IDB.
  • ILO (2014a) World of Work Report: Developing with Jobs. Geneva: ILO.
  • ILO (2014b) Transforming Economies: Making industrial policy work for growth, jobs and development. Geneva: ILO.
  • IMF (2014) Turkey: 2014 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report; Press Release; and Statement by the Executive Director for Turkey, IMF Country Report No 14/329, December.
  • Jarvis, Darryl S L (2014) ‘Regulating higher education – Quality assurance and neo-liberal managerialism in higher education – a critical introduction’, Policy and Society 33(2): 155-166.
  • Mann, Catherine (2014) ‘Raising global growth: why the G20 is “going structural”’, OECD Observer, 300, Q3: 12-13.
  • Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels ([1845-6] 1975) Critique of the German Ideology, Marx/Engels Collected Works, Vol. 5. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
  • Marx, Karl ([1849] 1950) ‘Wage Labour and Capital’, in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Works, London: Lawrence & Wishart, Vol. 1.
  • Marx, Karl ([1857-8] 1973) Grundrisse: Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • Marx, Karl ([1894] 1998) Capital, Vol. III, Marx/Engels Collected Works, Vol. 37. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
  • OECD (2013a) Interconnected Economies: Benefiting from Global Value Chains. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2013b) Perspectives on Global Development 2013: Industrial policies in a changing world, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2014a) Perspectives on Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the MiddleIncome Challenge. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2014b) Concept Note: OECD Initiative on GVCs, Production Transformation and Development .Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2014c) OECD Employment Outlook 2014. Paris: OECD.
  • Reddy, Sanjay (2012) Randomise This! On Poor Economics, Review of Agrarian Studies, 2(2): 60-73.
  • Salazar-Xirinachs, José M, Irmgard Nübler and Richard Kozul-Wright, eds (2014) Transforming economies: Making industrial policy work for growth, jobs and development. Geneva, ILOUNCTAD.
  • Selwyn, Ben (2014) ‘Commodity chains, creative destruction and global inequality: a class analysis’, Journal of Economic Geography, 2014, Advance access, doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbu014.
  • Thaler, Richard H and Cass R Sunstein (2008) Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. London: Penguin Books.
  • UNCTAD (2013) World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains – Investment and Trade for Development. Geneva: UNCTAD.
  • World Bank (2012) World Development Report 2013: Jobs. Washington DC: World Bank.
  • World Bank (2014a) World Development Report 2015: Mind, Society and Behavior. Washington DC: World Bank.
  • World Bank (2014b) Trading Up to High Income: Turkey Country Economic Memorandum. Report No. 82307-TR, May.
  • WTO (2011) Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia: From trade in goods to trade in services. Geneva: WTO.
  • WTO (2014) World Trade Report 2014. Trade and Development: recent trends and the role of the WTO. Geneva: WTO.
Year 2015, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 62 - 77, 11.05.2015

Abstract

References

  • AfDB (2014) African Economic Outlook 2014: Global Value Chains and Africa’s Industrialisation. Tunis: AfDB.
  • ADB (2014) Asian Development Outlook 2014 Update: Asia in Global Value Chains. Manila: ADB.
  • Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo (2011) Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. Public Affairs: New York.
  • Berg, Gunhild, and Bilal Zia (2013) Harnessing Emotional Connections to Improve Financial Decisions: Evaluating the Impact of Financial Education in Mainstream Media, Policy Research Working Paper 6407, World Bank, Washington, DC.
  • Cammack, Paul (2001a) ‘Making the Poor Work for Globalisation?’, New Political Economy, 6(3) November 2001: 397-408.
  • Cammack, Paul (2001b) Making Poverty Work, in Colin Leys and Leo Panitch, eds, A World of Contradictions: Socialist Register 2002. London: Merlin Press.
  • Cammack, Paul (2002) Attacking the Poor, New Left Review 2(13), Jan-Feb: 125-134.
  • Cammack, Paul (2003) The Governance of Global Capitalism: a new materialist perspective, Historical Materialism, 11(2): 37-61.
  • Cammack, Paul (2004) What the World Bank Means by Poverty Reduction, and Why It Matters, New Political Economy, 9(2): 189-211.
  • Cammack, Paul (2006a) ‘The Politics of Global Competitiveness’, Papers in the Politics of Global Competitiveness, No. 1, Institute for Global Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, espace Open Access Repository, November.
  • Cammack, Paul (2006b) ‘UN Imperialism: unleashing entrepreneurship in the developing world’, Papers in the Politics of Global Competitiveness, No. 2, Institute for Global Studies, Manchester Metropolitan University, e-space Open Access Repository.
  • Cammack, Paul (2012a) ‘The G20, the Crisis, and the Rise of Global Developmental Liberalism’, Third World Quarterly, 33(1): 1-16.
  • Cammack, Paul (2012b) ‘Risk, Social Protection and the World Market’, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 42(3): 359-377.
  • Cammack, Paul (2013a) ‘The Inter-American Development Bank in the Face of the Global Financial Crisis, Working Papers Series: The Multilateral Development Banks and the Global Financial Crisis, No. 5, Southeast Asian Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, September 2013.
  • Cammack, Paul (2013b) Classical Marxism. In Thomas Weiss and Rorden Wilkinson (eds) International Organization and Global Governance. New York: Routledge.
  • Cammack, Paul (2014a) ‘The UNDP and the End of Human Development: A Critique of the 2013 Human Development Report, Working Papers Series: The Multilateral Development Banks and the Global Financial Crisis, No. 6, Southeast Asian Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, August 2014.
  • Cammack, Paul (2014b) ‘The World Development Report 2015: Programming the Poor, Working Papers Series: The Multilateral Development Banks and the Global Financial Crisis No. 7, Southeast Asian Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, December 2014.
  • Carroll, Toby (2012) ‘Working On, Through and Around the State: The deep marketisation of development in the Asia-Pacific’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 42(3): 378-404.
  • Carroll, Toby (2015) ‘”Access to Finance” and the Death of Development in the Asia-Pacific’, Journal of Contemporary Asia 45(1): 139-166.
  • Carroll, Toby and Darryl SL Jarvis (2014) ‘Introduction: Financialisation and Development in Asia under Late Capitalism’, Asian Studies Review 38(4): 533-543.
  • Devoto, Florencia, Esther Dulfo, Pascaline Dupas, William Parienté, and Vincent Pons (2012) Happiness on Tap: Piped Water Adoption in Urban Morocco, American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 4(4): 68–99.
  • Dupas, Pascaline and Jonathan Robinson (2014) The Daily Grind: Cash Needs, Labor Supply and SelfControl, ms.
  • ECLAC (2014) Global Value Chains and World Trade: Prospects and challenges for Latin America. Santiago: ECLAC.
  • Gertler, Paul, Susan M. Chang, James Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto, Sally Grantham-McGregor, Arianna Zanolini, Christel Vermeersch, and Susan Walker. 2014. ‘Labor Market Returns to an Early Childhood Stimulation Intervention in Jamaica’, Science 344 (6187): 998–1001.
  • IDB (2014) Synchronized Factories: Latin America and the Caribbean in the Era of Global Value Chains. Washington DC: IDB.
  • ILO (2014a) World of Work Report: Developing with Jobs. Geneva: ILO.
  • ILO (2014b) Transforming Economies: Making industrial policy work for growth, jobs and development. Geneva: ILO.
  • IMF (2014) Turkey: 2014 Article IV Consultation – Staff Report; Press Release; and Statement by the Executive Director for Turkey, IMF Country Report No 14/329, December.
  • Jarvis, Darryl S L (2014) ‘Regulating higher education – Quality assurance and neo-liberal managerialism in higher education – a critical introduction’, Policy and Society 33(2): 155-166.
  • Mann, Catherine (2014) ‘Raising global growth: why the G20 is “going structural”’, OECD Observer, 300, Q3: 12-13.
  • Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels ([1845-6] 1975) Critique of the German Ideology, Marx/Engels Collected Works, Vol. 5. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
  • Marx, Karl ([1849] 1950) ‘Wage Labour and Capital’, in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Selected Works, London: Lawrence & Wishart, Vol. 1.
  • Marx, Karl ([1857-8] 1973) Grundrisse: Introduction to the Critique of Political Economy, Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • Marx, Karl ([1894] 1998) Capital, Vol. III, Marx/Engels Collected Works, Vol. 37. London: Lawrence & Wishart.
  • OECD (2013a) Interconnected Economies: Benefiting from Global Value Chains. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2013b) Perspectives on Global Development 2013: Industrial policies in a changing world, Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2014a) Perspectives on Global Development 2014: Boosting Productivity to Meet the MiddleIncome Challenge. Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2014b) Concept Note: OECD Initiative on GVCs, Production Transformation and Development .Paris: OECD.
  • OECD (2014c) OECD Employment Outlook 2014. Paris: OECD.
  • Reddy, Sanjay (2012) Randomise This! On Poor Economics, Review of Agrarian Studies, 2(2): 60-73.
  • Salazar-Xirinachs, José M, Irmgard Nübler and Richard Kozul-Wright, eds (2014) Transforming economies: Making industrial policy work for growth, jobs and development. Geneva, ILOUNCTAD.
  • Selwyn, Ben (2014) ‘Commodity chains, creative destruction and global inequality: a class analysis’, Journal of Economic Geography, 2014, Advance access, doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbu014.
  • Thaler, Richard H and Cass R Sunstein (2008) Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth and happiness. London: Penguin Books.
  • UNCTAD (2013) World Investment Report 2013: Global Value Chains – Investment and Trade for Development. Geneva: UNCTAD.
  • World Bank (2012) World Development Report 2013: Jobs. Washington DC: World Bank.
  • World Bank (2014a) World Development Report 2015: Mind, Society and Behavior. Washington DC: World Bank.
  • World Bank (2014b) Trading Up to High Income: Turkey Country Economic Memorandum. Report No. 82307-TR, May.
  • WTO (2011) Trade Patterns and Global Value Chains in East Asia: From trade in goods to trade in services. Geneva: WTO.
  • WTO (2014) World Trade Report 2014. Trade and Development: recent trends and the role of the WTO. Geneva: WTO.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Paul Cammack This is me

Publication Date May 11, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cammack, P. (2015). What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It. Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies, 7(1), 62-77.
AMA Cammack P. What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It. Spectrum. May 2015;7(1):62-77.
Chicago Cammack, Paul. “What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It”. Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies 7, no. 1 (May 2015): 62-77.
EndNote Cammack P (May 1, 2015) What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It. Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies 7 1 62–77.
IEEE P. Cammack, “What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It”, Spectrum, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 62–77, 2015.
ISNAD Cammack, Paul. “What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It”. Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies 7/1 (May 2015), 62-77.
JAMA Cammack P. What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It. Spectrum. 2015;7:62–77.
MLA Cammack, Paul. “What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It”. Spectrum: Journal of Global Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 2015, pp. 62-77.
Vancouver Cammack P. What International Organizations Do, and Why They Do It. Spectrum. 2015;7(1):62-77.