Nurses’ Hospital Work: Exploring The Influence of Spiritual Levels on Care Behaviours and Life Satisfaction

Year 2023, , 287 - 303, 01.10.2023

Türkan Akyol Güner , Vildan Kalkan Akyüz

https://doi.org/10.37898/spiritualpc.1231522

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Spirituality is an important factor in increasing the quality of nursing care, achieving optimal health outcomes and increasing their own life satisfaction. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of nurses’ spirituality levels on their care behaviours and life satisfaction and raise awareness about the issue. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses working in a hospital between March and June 2022. The sample of the study consisted of 462 nurses. The data were collected through an online questionnaire using the “Personal Information Form”, the “Spirituality Scale”, the “Caring Behaviours Scale” and the “Life Satisfaction Scale”. Nurses’ Spirituality Scale mean score was 22.32+5.62, and it was determined that their spirituality level was high. It was determined that the mean of Care Behaviors-24 was 5.10±0.22, that their care behavior perception was at a high level, and that their Life Satisfaction Scale mean score was 13.42±2.45 and that they had a moderate level of life satisfaction. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between their spirituality level and quality of caring behaviour (p=0.001; r: 0.512), their spirituality level and life satisfaction (p=0.000; r:0.608), and their care behaviour and life satisfaction (p=0.001; r: 0.510). Nurses’ care behaviors and life satisfaction were found to be effective factors on their spirituality levels.

Keywords

Spirituality, Nurse, Care behaviors, Life satisfaction, Hospital, Turkey

References

• Altıok, H. Ö., Şengün, F., & Üstün B. (2011). Bakım: Kavram analizi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi, 4(3), 137-140.
• Aslan, H., Aktürk, Ü., & Erci, B. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Nurse Spiritual Care Therapeutics Scale. Palliat Support Care, 18(6), 707-712. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S1478951520000267
• Atasoy, İ., Turan, Z. (2019). Ebe ve hemşirelerde duygusal emek ile yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi, 9(3), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.587725
• Aydın, H. (2013). Acil serviste hasta ve hemşirelerin bakım davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi. [Unpublished master’s dissertation, Marmara Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
• Azarsa, T., Davoodi, A., Khorami M. A., Gahramanian, A., & Vargaeei, A. (2015). Spiritual wellbeing, attitude toward spiritual care and its relationship with spiritual care competence among critical care nurses. Journal of Caring Sciences, 4(4), 309–320. https://doi. org/ 10.15171/jcs.2015.031
• Blaber, M., Jone, J., & Willis, D. (2015). Spiritual care: Which is the best assessment tool for palliative settings? International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 21(9), 430-438. https://doi: 10.12968/ijpn.2015.21.9.430
• Bullington, J., & Fagerberg, I. (2013). The fuzzy concept of ‘holistic care’: Eleştirel bir inceleme. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 27(3), 493-494. https://doi: 10.1111/scs.12053
• Camcı, G. B., & Kavuran, E. (2021). Determination of the correlation of job stress and burnout levels of nurses with their job and life satisfaction levels. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 24(2), 274-283. https://doi. org/ 10.17049/ataunihem.930846
• Carranza-Esteban, R. F., Turpo-Chaparro, J. E., Mamani-Benito, O., Torres, J. H., & Arenaza, F. S. (2021). Spirituality and religiousness as predictors of life satisfaction among Peruvian citizens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 17(5). https:// doi. org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06939
• Cerit, B., & Coşkun, S. (2018). Hasta ve hemşirelerin hemşirelik bakım kalitesine ilişkin algıları. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 9(2), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.380674.
• Chew, B. W., Tiew, L. H., & Creedy, D. K. (2016). Acute care nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care: An exploratory study in Singapore. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25(17-18), 2520-2527. https:// doi. org/10.1111/jocn.13290
• Chiang, Y. C., Lee, H. C., Chu, T. L., Han, C. Y., & Hsiao, Y. C. (2016). The impact of nurses’ spiritual health on their attitudes toward spiritual care, professional commitment, and caring. Nursing Outlook, 64(3), 215-224. https:// doi. org/ 10.1016/j.outlook.2015.11.012
• Cruz, J. P., Alshammari, F., Alotaibi, K. A., & Colet, P. C. (2017). Spirituality and spiritual care perspectives among baccalaureate nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today, 49, 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2016.11.027
• Cura Ş. Ü., & Ateş, E. (2020). Palyatif bakım kliniğinde çalışan hemşirelerin ölmekte olan hastaya bakım vermede yaşadıkları zorluklar. Jaren. 6(3), 483-490. https://doi:10.5222/jaren.2020.43760
• Çelik, A. S., Özdemir, F., Durmaz, H., & Pasinlioğlu, T. (2014). Determining the perception level of nurses regarding spirituality and spiritual care and the factors that affect their perception level. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 1–12.
• Dağlı, A. & Baysal, N. (2016). Adaptation of the satisfaction wıth life scale into Turkish: The study of validity and reliability. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1250-1262. https://doi. org/ 10.17755/esosder.263229
• Danacı, E., Özbudak, E., & Ağaçdiken, S. (2022). Hemşirelikte bilme yolları: Spiritüel bilme. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 15(4), 557-567. https://doi. org/10.46483/deuhfed.961304
• Demirci, İ., & Ekşi, H. (2018). Keep calm and be happy: A mixed method study from character strengths to well-being. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 18(2), 279-330. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2018.2.0799
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J, & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
• Doğan, M. A. (2017). General over view of spiritual counseling and guidance services based on hospital sample. Cumhuriyet Theology Journal, 21(2), 1267-1304. https://doi.org/10.18505/ cuid.347681
• Dündar, M. (2021). Hemşirelerin maneviyat düzeylerinin spiritüel iyileştirici bakım sıklığına etkisi. [Master’s thesis, İnönü Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
• Erdoğan, E., & Erdem, R. (2017). Hemşirelerin bireysel sosyal sorumluluk düzeyleri ile yaşam doyumunun demografik değişkenlere göre araştırılması. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(3), 293-312.
• Erenoğlu, R., & Can, R. (2019). Hemşirelik bölümü öğrencilerinin manevi destek algıları ve etkileyen faktörler. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 5(1), 23-30. https://doi. org/10.5222/jaren.2019.77699
• Erenoğlu, R., Can, R., & Tambağ, H. (2019). Hemşirelik bakım davranışları ve bakım davranışları ile ilgili faktörler; doğumevi örneği. Sağlık ve Toplum, 29(1), 79-88.
• Ergül, Ş., & Bayık, A. (2004). Hemşirelik ve manevi bakım. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 8(1), 37-45.
• Erişen, M., & Sivrikaya, S. K. (2017). Manevi bakım ve hemşirelik. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 184-190.
• Filej, B., & Kaucic, B. M. (2013). Holistic nursing practice. South Eastern Europe Health Sciences Journal. 3(1), 1-7.
• Gore, J. Providing holistic and spiritual nursing care. [A senior thesis, Liberty University]. https:// explore.pacificcollege.edu/
• Gül, Ş., & Dinç, L. (2018). Investigation of nurses’ and patients’ perceptions regarding nursing care. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, 5, 192-208. https:// doi. org/ 10.31125/ hunhemsire.500787
• Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2014). Research methods in social sciences. Seçkin Publishing, Turkey, 100-130.
• Harrad, R., Cosentino, C., Keasley, R., & Sulla, F. (2019). Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the measures used to assess spiritual care provision and related factors amongst nurses. Acta Biomed, 28(90), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i4-S.8300
• He, T., Du, Y., Wang, L., Zhong, Z. F., Ye, X. C., & Liu, X. H. (2013). Perceptions of caring in China: Patient and nurse questionnaire survey. International nursing review, 60(4), 487-493. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12058
• Hosseini, F.A., Momennasab, M., Yektatalab, S., & Zareiyan, A. (2019). Presence: The cornerstone of spiritual needs among hospitalised patients. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 33(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12602
• International Council of Nurses. The ICN Code of Ethics for nurses. (2012). https://www.icn.ch/ sites/default/files/inlinefiles/2012_ICN_Codeofethicsfornurses %20eng.pdf.
• Jang, Y., & Oh, Y. (2019).Impact of ethical factors on job satisfaction among Korean nurses. Nursing ethics, 26(4), 1186-1198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733017742959.
• Jasemi, M., Valizadeh, L., Zamanzadeh, V., & Keogh, B.(2017). A concept analysis of holistic care by hybrid model. Indian Journal of Palliative Care. 23(1), 71-80. https://doi: 10.4103/0973-1075.197960
• Johnston, T. E. (2013). New zealand hospice nurses’ self-rated comfort in conducting spiritual assessment. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 19(4), 178-185. https://doi: 10.12968/ ijpn.2013.19.4.178
• Joshanloo, M., & Daemi, F. (2014). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between spirituality and subjective well-being in Iran. International Journal of Psychology, 50(2), 115-120. https:// doi. org/ 10.1002/ijop.12061
• Kabaroğlu, K., Eroğlu, E. S., Onur Ecmel, Ö., Denizbaşı, A., & Akoğlu, H. (2013). Acil serviste hasta memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması. Marmara Medical Journal, 26(2013), 82-99.
• Kanbur, E. (2018). Effects of work overload on job and life satisfaction: Mediating role of work-related strain. The Journal of Human and Work, 5(2), 125-143. https:// doi. org/ 10.18394/iid.375457
• Karlsson, A. C., Gunningberg, L., Bäckström, J., & Pöder, U. (2019). Registered nurses’ perspectives of work satisfaction, patient safety and intention to stay–A double–edged sword. Journal of Nursing Management, 27(7), 1359-1365. https:// doi. org/ 10.1111/jonm.12816
• Kazer, M., & Wallace, M. (2013). The role of spiritual nursing interventions on improved outcomes in older adults with dementia. Holistic Nursing Practice, 27(2), 106-113. https://doi: 10.1097/ HNP.0b013e318280f7f9.
• Kiliç, M., & Öztunç, G. (2015). Comparison of nursing care perceptions between patients who had surgical operation and nurses who provided care to those patients. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8(3), 625-633.
• Köker, S. (1991). Comparison of life satisfaction levels of normal and problematic adolescents. [Master’s thesis, Ankara University]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
• Kurşun, Ş., & Kanan, N. (2012). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of Caring Behaviors Inventory-24. Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences, 15(4), 229-235.
• Mamier, I., Taylor, E. J., & Winslow, B. W. (2019). Nurse spiritual care: Prevalence and correlates. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 41(4), 537-554. https:// doi. org/ 10.1177/0193945918776328
• McBrien, B. (2010). Nurses’ provision of spiritual care in the emergency setting--an Irish perspective. International Emergency Nursing, 18(3), 119-126. https:// doi. org/ 10.1111/j.1365- 2702.2010.03547.x
• McSherry, W., & Jamieson, S. (2011). An online survey of nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(11-12), 1757–1767. https:// doi. org/ 10.1016/j.ienj.2009.09.004
• Melhem, G. A. B., Zeilani. R. S., Zaqqout, O. A., Aljwad, A. I., Shawagfeh, M. Q., & Abd Al- Rahim, M. (2016).Nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual caregiving: A comparison study among all health care sectors in Jordan. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 22(1), 42-49. https:// doi. org/ 10.4103/0973-1075.173949
• Midilli, T .S., Kalkım, A., & Dağhan, Ş. (2017). Spiritual care-related opinions and practices of nursing students. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(1), 666-677. https:// doi. org/ 10.14687/JHS.V14I1.4316
• Mirfarhadi, N., Moosavi, S., & Tabari, R. (2013). Life satisfaction and its determinants: A survey on Iranian nurses population. Archives of Advances in Biosciences, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.22037/ jps.v4i4.4761
• Musa, A. S. (2017). Spiritual care intervention and spiritual well-being Jordanian Muslim nurses’ perspectives. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 35, 53-61. https:// doi. org/ 10.1177/0898010116644388
• Nardi, D., & Rooda, L. (2011). Spirituality-based nursing practice by nursing students: An exploratory study. Journal of Professional Nursing, 27(4), 255-263. https://doi: 10.1016/j. profnurs.2011.03.006.
• Ødbehr, L. S., Kvigne, K., Hauge, S., & Danbolt, L. J. (2015). Spiritual care to persons with dementia in nursing homes; A qualitative study of nurses and care workers experiences. BMC Nursing, 14(1), 70. https:// doi. org/ 10.1186/s12912-015-0122-6.
• Özbaşaran, F., Ergül, Ş., Temel Bayık, A., Aslan Gurol, G., & Çoban, A. (2011). Turkish nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(21-22), 3102-3110. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03778.x.
• Papastavrou, E., Efstathiou, G., Tsangari, H., et al. (2012). A cross-cultural study of the concept of caring through behaviors: patients’ and nurses’ perspectives in six different EU countries. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(5), 1026–1037. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05807.x
• Piotrkowska, R., Jarzynkowski, P., Książek, J., & Mędrzycka–Dąbrowska, W. (2019). Satisfaction with life of oncology nurses in Poland. International Nursing Review, 66, 374-380. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.044
• Plouffe, R. A., & Tremblay, P. F. (2017). The relationship between income and life satisfaction: Does religiosity play a role? Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 67–71. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.044
• Pour, H. A., & Özvurmaz, S. (2017). Hemşirelik ve ebelik intörn öğrencilerinde manevi bakıma yönelik algı ve uygulama modelinin değerlendirilmesi. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 7(3), 225-233. https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.349937
• Ramezani, M., Ahmadi, F., Mohammadi, E., & Kazemnejad, A. (2014). Spiritual care in nursing: A concept analysis. International Nursing Review, 61(2), 211–219. https:// doi. org/ 10.1111/inr.12099
• Ruefer, K. E. (2014). Spiritual assessments and interventions in nursing Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 472. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/472.
• Silva, VRd., Velasque, LdS., Tonini, T. (2017). Job satisfaction in an oncology nursing team. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 70(5), 988-995. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2016-0422
• Sönmez Benli, S.. & Yıldırım, A. (2017). Relationship between nurses’ life satisfaction and attitudes towards death. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 6(4), 167-179.
• Swinton, J., & Pattison, S. (2010). Moving beyond clarity: towards a thin, vague and useful understanding of spirituality in nursing care. Nursing Philosophy, 11(4), 226 237. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00450.x
• Tambağ, H., Mansuroğlu, S., Yıldırım, G. (2018). Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan hemşirelerin manevi destek algılarının belirlenmesi: Bir pilot çalışma. Çağdaş Tıp Dergisi, 8(2), 159-64. 122. https://doi.org/10.16899/gopctd.430454
• Taylor, E. J., Mamier, I., Ricci-Allegra, P., & Foith, J. (2017). Self-reported frequency of nurse- provided spiritual care. Applied Nursing Research, 35, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. apnr.2017.02.019
• Tjale, A. A., & Bruce, J. (2007). A concept analysis of holistic nursing care in pediatric nursing. Curationis, 30(4), 45-52. https://doi: 10.4102/curationis.v30i4.1116.
• Uğurlu, E. S. (2014). Hemşirelikte manevi bakımın uygulanması. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(3), 187-191.
• Van Leeuwen, R., Tiesinga, L. J., Post, D., & Jochemsen, H. (2006). Spiritual care: Implications for nurses’ professional responsibility. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15(7), 875-884. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01615.x.
• Vang, Z. M., Hou, F., & Elder, K. (2019). Perceived religious discrimination, religiosity and life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 1913–1932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018- 0032-x
• Vogel, A., & Schep–Akkerman, A. E. (2018). Competence and frequency of provision of spiritual care by nurses in the Netherlands. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 32(4), 1314-1321. https:// doi. org/ 10.1016/0020-7489(91)90020-4
• Von Essen, L., & Sjöden, P. (2003). The importance of nurse caring behaviors as perceived by Swedish Hospital patients and nursing stuff. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 40, 487- 497. https:// doi. org/ 10.1111/scs.12575
• Wolf, Z. R., Giardino, E. R., Osborne, P. A., & Ambrose, M. S. (1994). Dimensions of nurse caring. Image Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 26, 107-111. https:// doi. org/ 10.1891/9780826171122.0024
• Wu, Y., Larrabee, J. H., & Putman, H. P. (2006). Caring Behaviors Inventory: A reduction of the 42-item instrument. Nursing Research, 55, 18-25.https:// doi. org/ 10.1097/00006199-200601000-00003