The Relationship between Spiritual Health and Spiritual Care Competencies in Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study
Year 2024,
, 187 - 202, 01.06.2024
Eda Kılınç İşleyen
,
Ebru Akbaş
Abstract
The aim of this study the effect of spiritual health on spiritual care competencies in nurses and predictors affecting spiritual care competence. The cross-sectional study was conducted with nurses working in a university hospital in 2022 (n=205). Data were collected the “Socio-demographic information form”, “Spiritual Health Scale-Short Form” and “Spiritual Care Competence Scale-Turkish”. The spiritual health (93.81±12.19) and spiritual care competence (105.45±17.10) points of the nurses were moderate level. The spiritual health and spiritual care competencies of the nurses who had a high education level and took courses/trainings on spiritual care were higher. A significant correlation was found between the spiritual health and the spiritual care competence (p<0.05). The increase in spiritual health (β=0.478), age (β=0.583), education level (β=0.204), professional working years (β=0.674) and participation in religious activities (β=0.115) in nurses were determined as predictors of increasing spiritual care competence. The study findings indicate that nurses' spiritual care competence was affected by their spiritual health levels. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to include education and consultancy services to increase/develop spiritual health (to evaluate spiritual needs and support spiritual needs) in the curriculum of nursing students and education seminars for nurses.
Ethical Statement
This study was carried out in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics committee approval of the study was obtained from Pamukkale University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Date: 18.10.2022, Number: E-60116787-020-279030). Informed consent was obtained from all nurses. In addition, permission to use was obtained from the owner of the scales used via e-mail.
Supporting Institution
Yok.
Thanks
Çalışmada destek olan tüm hemşirelere teşekkür ederiz.
References
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- Irmak, H., & Midilli, T. S. (2021). The relationship between psychiatric nurses’ spiritual care practices, perceptions and their competency. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(5), 511-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.07.006
- Jaberi, A., Momennasab, M., Yektatalab, S., Ebadi, A., & Cheraghi, M. A. (2019). Spiritual health: A concept analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(5), 1537–1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10943-017-0379-z
- Jafari, M., & Fallahi-Khoshknab, M. (2021). Competence in providing spiritual care and its relationship with spiritual well-being among Iranian nurses. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 10, 388. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_203_21
- Kaçmaz, E. D., & Çam, O. (2019). Investigation of care-oriented nurse-patient interaction levels of nurses who care for psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(1), 65-74. https:// doi.org/10.14744/phd.2018.83702
- Kalkim, A., Midilli, T. S., & Baysal, E. (2016). An investigation of the perceptions and practices of nursing students regarding spirituality and spiritual care. Religions, 7(8), 101. https://doi. org/10.3390/rel7080101
- Kalkim, A., Midilli, T. S., & Daghan, S. (2018). Nursing students’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and their spiritual care competencies: A correlational research study. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 20(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1097/NJH.0000000000000446
- Karaman, A., & Sagkal Midilli, T. (2022). The relationship between nurses’ perceptions and competency about spiritual care and influencing factors. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(3), 1021-1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12894
- Karaman, E., Erkin, Ö., & Göl, İ. (2022). The relationship between spiritual care levels of Turkish nurses with the spiritual well-being of their patients: An exploratory study. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(3), 1882–1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01194-w
- Kurtgöz, A., Keten Edis, E., & Erarslan, R. (2023). Spiritual care competencies and the frequency of spiritual care practices of nurses in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-14.
- Kartal, A., Korkmaz Aslan, G., & Kılınç, E. (2022). Validity and reliability of the Spiritual Health Scale-Short Form for Turkish nursing students. Palliative & Supportive Care, 1–9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951521001978
- Löffler, C. S., & Greitemeyer, T. (2021). Are women the more empathetic gender? The effects of gender role expectations. Current Psychology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01260-8
- Melhem, G. A., Zeilani, R. S., Zaqqout, O. A., Aljwad, A. I., Shawagfeh, M. Q., & Al-Rahim, M. A. (2016). Nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care giving: A comparison study among all health care sectors in Jordan. Indian journal of Palliative Care, 22(1), 42–49. https://doi. org/10.4103/0973-1075.173949
- Manookian, A., Nadali, J., Ghiyasvandian, S., Weaver, K., Haghani, S., & Divani, A. (2023). Spiritual care competence, moral distress and job satisfaction among Iranian oncology nurses. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 29(10), 487-497.
- Neathery, M., He, Z., Taylor, E. J., & Deal, B. (2020). Spiritual perspectives, spiritual care, and knowledge of recovery among psychiatric mental health nurses. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 26(4), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390319846548
- Özakar Akça, S., Gülnar, E., & Özveren, H. (2022). Spiritual care competence of nurses. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 53(5), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124- 20220407-05
- Ross, L., McSherry, W., Giske, T., van Leeuwen, R., Schep-Akkerman, A., Koslander, T., ... & Jarvis, P. (2018). Nursing and midwifery students’ perceptions of spirituality, spiritual care, and spiritual care competency: A prospective, longitudinal, correlational European study. Nurse Education Today, 67, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.002
- Sadat Hoseini, A. S., Razaghi, N., Khosro Panah, A. H., & Dehghan Nayeri, N. (2019). A concept analysis of spiritual health. Journal of Religion and Health, 58, 1025-1046. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10943-017-0522-x
- Semercı̇ , R., Uysal, N., Bağçı̇ van, G., Doğan, N., Kostak, M. A., Tayaz, E., ... & Kunter, N. (2021). Oncology nurses’ spiritual care competence and perspective about spiritual care services. Turkish Journal of Oncology, 36(2), 222-30. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjo.2021.2682
- Sezer, T. A., & Ozturk Eyimaya, A. (2022). Competencies of nursing students in the provision of spiritual care and the factors affecting spiritual caregiving. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(2), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13014
- Van Leeuwen R., Tiesinga L. J., Middel B., Post D., & Jochemsen H. (2009). The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(20), 2857–2869. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2702.2008.02594.x PMID:19220618
- Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Han, G. H., & Pang, X. L. (2021). Spiritual care perceptions, spiritual health and their relationships with spiritual care competence among clinical nurses in China: A cross-sectional quantitative study. TMR Integr Nurs, 5(4), 145. https://doi. org/10.53388/TMRIN2021082505
- Wang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., ... & Pang, X. (2022). Correlations among spiritual care competence, spiritual care perceptions and spiritual health of Chinese nurses: A cross-sectional correlational study. Palliative & Supportive Care, 20(2), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951521001966
- Willemse, S., Smeets, W., Van Leeuwen, E., Nielen-Rosier, T., Janssen, L., & Foudraine, N. (2020). Spiritual care in the intensive care unit: An integrative literature research. Journal of Critical Care, 57, 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.01.026
- Wu, L. F., Koo, M., Tseng, H. C., Liao, Y. C., & Chen, Y. M. (2015). Concordance between nurses’ perception of their ability to provide spiritual care and the identified spiritual needs of hospitalized patients: A cross‐sectional observational study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 17(4), 426-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12210
- Zhao, H. M., Wang, Z. Y., Yan, W., Piao, J. J., & Ye, J. Y. (2022). Spiritual health, empathy ability and their relationships with spiritual care perceptions among nursing students in China: A cross- sectional correlational study. Nursing Communications, 6. https://doi.org/10.53388/IN202200
Year 2024,
, 187 - 202, 01.06.2024
Eda Kılınç İşleyen
,
Ebru Akbaş
References
- Adib-Hajbaghery, M., Zehtabchi, S., & Fini, I. A. (2017). Iranian nurses’ professional competence in spiritual care in 2014. Nursing Ethics, 24(4), 462-473. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733015600910
- Akbari, O., Dehghan, M., & Tirgari, B. (2022). Muslim nurse’s spiritual sensitivity as a higher perception and reflection toward spiritual care: a qualitative study in southeast Iran. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 270. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-01044-4
- Alshehry, A. S. (2018). Spirituality and spiritual care competence among expatriate nurses working in Saudi Arabia. Religions, 9(12), 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9120384
- Chiang, Y. C., Lee, H. C., Chu, T. L., Wu, C. L., & Hsiao, Y. C. (2021). The relationship between spiritual health, health-promoting behaviors, depression and resilience: A longitudinal study of new nurses. Nurse Education in Practice, 56, 103219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103219
- Cone, P., & Giske, T. (2022). Mental Health Staff Perspectives on Spiritual Care Competencies in Norway: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 5865. https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2021.794165
- Cooper, K. L., & Chang, E. (2016). Undergraduate nurse students’ perspectives of spiritual care education in an Australian context. Nurse Education Today, 44, 74–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. nedt.2016.05.020
- Daghan, S., Kalkim, A., & Sağkal Midilli, T. (2019). Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish form of the spiritual care competence scale. Journal of Religion and Health, 58, 14-27. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10943-018-0594-2
- Deluga, A., Dobrowolska, B., Jurek, K., Ślusarska, B., Nowicki, G., & Palese, A. (2020). Nurses’ spiritual attitudes and involvement-validation of the polish version of the spiritual attitude and involvement list. PloS One, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239068
- Eskandari, N., Golaghaie, F., Aghabarary, M., Dinmohammadi, M., Koohestani, H., Didehdar, M., ... & Abbasi, M. (2019). Explaining the relationship between moral intelligence and professional self-concept with the competency of nursing students in providing spiritual care to promote nursing education. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, 230. https://doi.org/10.4103/ jehp.jehp_105_19
- Ghorbani, M., Mohammadi, E., Aghabozorgi, R., & Ramezani, M. (2021). Spiritual care interventions in nursing: An integrative literature review. Supportive Care in Cancer, 29, 1165- 1181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-020-05747-9
- Green, A., Kim-Godwin, Y. S., & Jones, C. W. (2020). Perceptions of spiritual care education, competence, and barriers in providing spiritual care among registered nurses. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 38(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010119885266
- Han, K. H., Hung, K. C., Cheng, Y. S., Chung, W., Sun, C. K., & Kao, C. C. (2023). Factors affecting spiritual care competency of mental health nurses: a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 202.
- Harrad, R., Cosentino, C., Keasley, R., & Sulla, F. (2019). Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the measures used to assess spiritual care provision and related factors amongst nurses. Acta bio-medica: Atenei Parmensis, 90(4-S), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i4-S.8300
- Heidari, A., Afzoon, Z., & Heidari, M. (2022). The correlation between spiritual care competence and spiritual health among Iranian nurses. BMC Nursing, 21(1), 277. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12912-022-01056-0
- Hsiao, Y. C., Chiang, Y. C., Lee, H. C., & Han, C. Y. (2013). Psychometric testing of the properties of the spiritual health scale short form. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22(21-22), 2981-2990. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12410
- Hu, Y., Jiao, M., & Li, F. (2019). Effectiveness of spiritual care training to enhance spiritual health and spiritual care competency among oncology nurses. BMC Palliative Care, 18(1), 104. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s12904-019-0489-3
- International Council of Nurses (ICN). (2012). The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses. Switzerland: Geneva. Available at: https://www.icn.ch/sites/default/files/inline-files/2012_ICN_ Codeofethicsfornurses_%20eng.pdf
- Irmak, H., & Midilli, T. S. (2021). The relationship between psychiatric nurses’ spiritual care practices, perceptions and their competency. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(5), 511-518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.07.006
- Jaberi, A., Momennasab, M., Yektatalab, S., Ebadi, A., & Cheraghi, M. A. (2019). Spiritual health: A concept analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(5), 1537–1560. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10943-017-0379-z
- Jafari, M., & Fallahi-Khoshknab, M. (2021). Competence in providing spiritual care and its relationship with spiritual well-being among Iranian nurses. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 10, 388. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_203_21
- Kaçmaz, E. D., & Çam, O. (2019). Investigation of care-oriented nurse-patient interaction levels of nurses who care for psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 10(1), 65-74. https:// doi.org/10.14744/phd.2018.83702
- Kalkim, A., Midilli, T. S., & Baysal, E. (2016). An investigation of the perceptions and practices of nursing students regarding spirituality and spiritual care. Religions, 7(8), 101. https://doi. org/10.3390/rel7080101
- Kalkim, A., Midilli, T. S., & Daghan, S. (2018). Nursing students’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care and their spiritual care competencies: A correlational research study. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 20(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1097/NJH.0000000000000446
- Karaman, A., & Sagkal Midilli, T. (2022). The relationship between nurses’ perceptions and competency about spiritual care and influencing factors. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(3), 1021-1028. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12894
- Karaman, E., Erkin, Ö., & Göl, İ. (2022). The relationship between spiritual care levels of Turkish nurses with the spiritual well-being of their patients: An exploratory study. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(3), 1882–1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01194-w
- Kurtgöz, A., Keten Edis, E., & Erarslan, R. (2023). Spiritual care competencies and the frequency of spiritual care practices of nurses in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-14.
- Kartal, A., Korkmaz Aslan, G., & Kılınç, E. (2022). Validity and reliability of the Spiritual Health Scale-Short Form for Turkish nursing students. Palliative & Supportive Care, 1–9. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951521001978
- Löffler, C. S., & Greitemeyer, T. (2021). Are women the more empathetic gender? The effects of gender role expectations. Current Psychology, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01260-8
- Melhem, G. A., Zeilani, R. S., Zaqqout, O. A., Aljwad, A. I., Shawagfeh, M. Q., & Al-Rahim, M. A. (2016). Nurses’ perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care giving: A comparison study among all health care sectors in Jordan. Indian journal of Palliative Care, 22(1), 42–49. https://doi. org/10.4103/0973-1075.173949
- Manookian, A., Nadali, J., Ghiyasvandian, S., Weaver, K., Haghani, S., & Divani, A. (2023). Spiritual care competence, moral distress and job satisfaction among Iranian oncology nurses. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 29(10), 487-497.
- Neathery, M., He, Z., Taylor, E. J., & Deal, B. (2020). Spiritual perspectives, spiritual care, and knowledge of recovery among psychiatric mental health nurses. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 26(4), 364–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390319846548
- Özakar Akça, S., Gülnar, E., & Özveren, H. (2022). Spiritual care competence of nurses. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 53(5), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124- 20220407-05
- Ross, L., McSherry, W., Giske, T., van Leeuwen, R., Schep-Akkerman, A., Koslander, T., ... & Jarvis, P. (2018). Nursing and midwifery students’ perceptions of spirituality, spiritual care, and spiritual care competency: A prospective, longitudinal, correlational European study. Nurse Education Today, 67, 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2018.05.002
- Sadat Hoseini, A. S., Razaghi, N., Khosro Panah, A. H., & Dehghan Nayeri, N. (2019). A concept analysis of spiritual health. Journal of Religion and Health, 58, 1025-1046. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10943-017-0522-x
- Semercı̇ , R., Uysal, N., Bağçı̇ van, G., Doğan, N., Kostak, M. A., Tayaz, E., ... & Kunter, N. (2021). Oncology nurses’ spiritual care competence and perspective about spiritual care services. Turkish Journal of Oncology, 36(2), 222-30. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjo.2021.2682
- Sezer, T. A., & Ozturk Eyimaya, A. (2022). Competencies of nursing students in the provision of spiritual care and the factors affecting spiritual caregiving. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(2), 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.13014
- Van Leeuwen R., Tiesinga L. J., Middel B., Post D., & Jochemsen H. (2009). The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(20), 2857–2869. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 2702.2008.02594.x PMID:19220618
- Wang, Z. Y., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Han, G. H., & Pang, X. L. (2021). Spiritual care perceptions, spiritual health and their relationships with spiritual care competence among clinical nurses in China: A cross-sectional quantitative study. TMR Integr Nurs, 5(4), 145. https://doi. org/10.53388/TMRIN2021082505
- Wang, Z., Zhao, H., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., ... & Pang, X. (2022). Correlations among spiritual care competence, spiritual care perceptions and spiritual health of Chinese nurses: A cross-sectional correlational study. Palliative & Supportive Care, 20(2), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951521001966
- Willemse, S., Smeets, W., Van Leeuwen, E., Nielen-Rosier, T., Janssen, L., & Foudraine, N. (2020). Spiritual care in the intensive care unit: An integrative literature research. Journal of Critical Care, 57, 55-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.01.026
- Wu, L. F., Koo, M., Tseng, H. C., Liao, Y. C., & Chen, Y. M. (2015). Concordance between nurses’ perception of their ability to provide spiritual care and the identified spiritual needs of hospitalized patients: A cross‐sectional observational study. Nursing & Health Sciences, 17(4), 426-433. https://doi.org/10.1111/nhs.12210
- Zhao, H. M., Wang, Z. Y., Yan, W., Piao, J. J., & Ye, J. Y. (2022). Spiritual health, empathy ability and their relationships with spiritual care perceptions among nursing students in China: A cross- sectional correlational study. Nursing Communications, 6. https://doi.org/10.53388/IN202200