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Understanding Veterans Through the Lens of Dialogical Psychology and Theology

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 139 - 160, 15.08.2018

Abstract

A dialogical self theory framework has shown to be a promising methodology in the pursuit of mapping and gridding the psychological topography among military personnel during transition from military to civilian life and thereby advance the understandings of self-identity work in the process. This article demonstrates this methodology through a case study example drawn from a longitudinal research project that followed nineteen Swedish service members with annual interviews over a three-year period as they transitioned to civilian life. This case study example evolves into a discussion about a potential vulnerability that may be inherit among service members with distinct religious/spiritual/ethical positions in the self when or if those I-positions perceive themselves to be violated as a result of military service. The implication of such violations or transgressions may result in a type of spiritual injury that disconnects the spiritual capacity of the self to varying degrees. It is proposed that such spiritual injury is typically followed by monologue instead of dialogue. Theological concepts of forgiveness and acceptance may gradually restore the dialogical capacity between a violated position(s) and a traumatized military position within the self. Acceptance and dialogical evolution may then begin to heal the spiritual damage.

References

  • A. B., Zamorski, M., & Britt, T. W. (2011). The psychology of transition: Adapting to home after deployment. In A. B. Adler, P. B. Bliese, & C. A. Castro (Eds.), Deployment psychology: Evidence-based strategies to promote mental health in the military (pp. 153–174). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bélanger, S. A. H., & Moore, M. (2013). Public opinion and soldier identity: Tensions and resolutions. In A. B. Aiken, & S. A. H. Bélanger (Eds.), Beyond the line: Military and veteran health research (pp. 103-120). Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Berg, G. (2011). The relationship between spiritual distress, PTSD and depression in Vietnam combat veterans. Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling, 65(1-2):6:1-11. Bobrow, J., Cook, E., Knowles, C., & Vieten, C. (2013). Coming all the way home: Integrative community care for those who serve. Psychological Services, 10(2), 137–144. Bragin, M. (2010). Can anyone here know who I am? Co-constructing meaningful narratives with combat veterans. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(3), 316-326. Brunger, H., Serrato, J., & Ogden, J. (2013). “No man’s land”: the transition to civilian life. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 5(2), 86-100. Bryan, C. J., Graham, E., & Roberge, E. (2015). Living a life worth living: Spirituality and suicide risk in military personnel. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2(1), 74–78. Buell, S. D. (2010). Life is a cruise: What does it mean to be a retired naval officer transitioning into civilian world? (Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, United States of America). Clandinin, J. D. (2013). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Clandinin, J. D., & Connelly, M. F. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco: A Wiley Imprint. Crossley, M. L. (2000). Introducing narrative psychology: Self, trauma and the construction of meaning. Philadelphia: Open University Press. DiRamio, D., Ackerman, R., & Mitchell, R. L. (2008). From combat to campus: Voices of studentveterans. NASPA Journal, 45(1), 73–102. Drops, G. J. (1979). Change in self-concept and identity during a time of mid-life transition (Doctoral dissertation, the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, Union Graduate School West, San Diego, United States of America). Elliott, M., Gonzalez, C., & Larsen, B. (2011). U.S. military veterans transition to college: Combat, PTSD, and alienation on campus. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 48, 279– 296. Doi:10.2202/ 1949-6605.6293 Figley, C. R., & Leventman, S. (1980). Introduction: Estrangement and victimization. In C. R. Figley & S. Leventman (Eds.), Strangers at home: Vietnam veterans since the war (pp. xxi– xxxi). New York: Praeger. Ganzevoort, R. R. (1998). Reading by the lines: Proposal for a narrative analytical technique in empirical theology. Journal of Empirical Theology, 11(2), 23-40. Ganzevoort, R. R. (2008). Scars and stigmata: Trauma, identity and theology. Practical Theology, 1(1), 19-31. Ganzevoort, R. R., & Roeland, J. H. (2014). Lived religion. The praxis of practical theology. International Journal of Practical Theology, 18(1), 91-101. Gonçalves, M. M., & Ribeiro, A. P. (2012). Narrative processes of innovation and stability within the dialogical self. In H. J. M. Hermans, & T. Gieser (Eds), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 301-318). New York: Cambridge University Press. Grimell, J. (2015). A transitional narrative of military identity: Eric’s story. International Journal for Dialogical Science, 9(1), 135-157. Grimell, J. (2016a). The story of the self in the aftermath of crisis: A case study. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 29(1), 66-79. Grimell, J. (2016b). Existential spiritual life among Swedish service members in transition: Marking out trends. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 3(3), 208-219. Grimell, J. (2017a). Advancing an understanding of selves in transition: I-positions as an analytical tool. Culture & Psychology, 0(0), 1-22. Grimell, J. (2017b). Self-reorganization in transition from military to civilian life: Maria’s way. Mental Health Family Medicine, 13, 544-553. Grimell, J. (2018). Reconsidering the uniform: Existential and religious identity reconstruction among Swedes after military service (Doctoral dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Zürich, Switzerland: LIT Verlag. Haynie, J. M., & Shepherd, D. (2011). Toward a theory of discontinuous career transition; Investigating career transitions necessitated by traumatic life events. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 501-524. Hermans, H. J. M. (1996). Opposites in a dialogical self: Constructs as characters. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 9, 1-16. Hermans, H. J. M. (1999). Dialogical thinking and self-innovation. Culture and Psychology, 5(1), 67-87. Hermans, H. J. M. (2001a). The dialogical self: Toward a theory of personal and cultural positioning. Culture & Psychology, 7(3), 243-281. Hermans, H. J. M. (2001b). The construction of a personal position repertoire: Method and practice. Culture and Psychology, 7(3), 323-365. Hermans, H. J. M. (2002). The dialogical self as a society of mind: Introduction. Theory & Psychology, 12(2), 147-160. Hermans, H. J. M. (2003). The construction and reconstruction of a dialogical self. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 16, 89-130. Hermans, H. J. M. (2004). Introduction: The dialogical self in a global and digital age. Identity: An international Journal of Theory and Research, 4, 297-320. Hermans, H. J. M. (2008). How to perform research on the basis of dialogical self theory? Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 21, 185-199. Hermans, H. J. M. (2012a). Applications of dialogical self theory: New directions for child and adolescent development. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco: Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hermans, H. J. M. (2012b). Between dreaming and recognition seeking: The emergence of dialogical self theory. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. Hermans, H. J. M. (2013). The dialogical self in education: Introduction. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 26(2), 81-89. Hermans, H. J. M., Kempen, H. J. G., & van Loon, R. J. P. (1992). The dialogical self: beyond individualism and rationalism. American Psychologist, 47, 23-33. Hermans, H. J. M., & Hermans-Jansen, E. (1995). Self-narratives: The construction of meaning in psychotherapy. New York: The Guilford Press. Hermans, H. J. M., & Dimaggio, G. (2007). Self, identity, and globalization in times of uncertainty: A dialogical analysis. Review of General Psychology, 11(1), 31-61. Hermans, H. J. M., & Hermans-Konopka, A. (2010). Dialogical self theory: Positioning and counter-positioning in a globalizing society. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hermans, H. J. M., & Gieser, T. (Eds.). (2012). Introductory chapter: History, main tenets and core concepts of a dialogical self theory. In H. J. M. Hermans, & T. Gieser (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 1-28). New York: Cambridge University Press. Jasper, C. A., Moore, H. R., Whittaker, L. S., & Gillespie, A. (2012). Methodological approaches to studying the self in its social context. In H. J. M. Hermans & T. Gieser (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 319-334). New York: Cambridge University Press. Koenig, H. G., Boucher, N. A., Oliver, J. P., Youssef, N., Mooney, S. R., Currier, J. M., & Pearce, M. (2017). Rationale for spiritually oriented cognitive processing therapy for moral injury in active duty military and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(2), 147-153. Kvale, S. (2007). Doing interviews. London: Sage. Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Den kvalitativa forskningen [The qualitative research] (2nd ed.). Lund, Sverige: Studentlitteratur AB. Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009). Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(8), 695-706. McAdams, D. P. (1988). Power, intimacy and the life story: Personological inquiries into identity. New York: The Guilford Press. McAdams, D. P. (1997). The stories we live by: Personal myths and the making of the self. New York: The Guilford Press. McAdams, D. P. (2013). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York: Oxford University Press. McAdams, D. P., Josselson, R., & Lieblich, A. (Eds.). (2002). Turns in the road: Narrative studies of lives in transition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. McAdams, D. P., Josselson, R., & Lieblich, A. (Eds.). (2006). Identity and story: Creating self in narrative. Washington, DC: APA Books. McGuire, M. (2008). Lived religion: Faith and practice in everyday life. New York: Oxford University Press. Mishler, E. G. (1986). The analysis of interview-narratives. In T. R. Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct (pp. 233-255). Westport, CT: Praeger. Mishler, E. G. (1991). Research interviewing: Context and narrative. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Mishler. E. G. (2004). Storylines: Craftartistis’ narratives of identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Brock, R. N., & Lettini, G. (2012). Soul repair: Recovering from moral injury after war. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Noy, C. (2008). Sample knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 327-344. Pellegrino, L., & Hoggan, C. (2015). A tale of two transitions female military veterans during their first year at community college. ADULT LEARNING, 26(3), 124-131. Persky, K. R., & Oliver, D. E. (2011). Veterans coming home to the community college: Linking research to practice. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 35, 111–120. Polkinghorne, D. E. (2005). Language and meaning: Data collection in qualitative research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 137-145. Rambo, S. (2010). Spirit and trauma; A theology of remaining. Louisville, KY: Westminister John Knox Press. Riessman, K. C. (1993). Narrative analysis. London: Sage. Rosenberg, S. D. (1993). The threshold of thrill: Life stories in the skies over Southeast Asia. In M. G. Cooke, & A. Woollacott (Eds.), Gendering war talk (pp. 43-66). New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Rumann, C. B. (2010). Student veterans return to community college: Understanding their transitions (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (AAT 3403830) Rumann, C. B., & Hamrick, F. A. (2010). Student veterans in transition: Re-enrolling after war zone deployments. Journal of Higher Education, 81(4), 431–458. Sarbin, T. R. (Ed.). (1986). The narrative as a root metaphor for psychology. In T. R. Sarbin, (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct (pp. 3-21). Westport, CT: Praeger. Savion, S. M. (2009). How do retired officers start anew in civilian society? A phenomenological study of life transition (Doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University, Washington, United States of America). Retrieved from http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/ER/detail/hkul/4354853 Tillich, P. (2014). The courage to be (3rd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Thornborrow, T., & Brown, A. D. (2009). Being regimented: Aspiration, discipline and identity work in the British parachute regiment. Organization Studies, 30(4), 355-376. Valsiner, J. (2004, July 11-15). The promoter sign: Development transformation within the structure of the dialogical self. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Ghent. van den Brand, J., Hermans, C., Scherer-Rath, M., & Verschuren, P. (2014). An instrument for reconstructing interpretation in life stories. In R. R. Ganzevoort, M. de Haardt, & M. Scherer- Rath (Eds.), Religious stories we live by: Narrative approaches in theology and religious studies (pp. 169-180). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. Webster, L., & Mertova, P. (2007). Using narrative inquiry as a research method: An introduction to using critical event narrative analysis in research on learning and teaching. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis. Whiteman, S. D., Barry, A. E., Mroczek, D. K., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. (2013). The development and implications of peer emotional support for student service members/veterans and civilian college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 265-278. Wortmann, J. H., Eisen, E., Hundert, C., Jordan, A. H., Smith, M. W., Nash, W. P., & Litz, B. T. (In press). Spiritual features of war-related moral injury: A primer for clinicians. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 4(4), 249-261. Yanos, R. C. (2004). Perceptions of transition to civilian life among recently retired Air Force officers (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park, United States of America). Retrieved from http://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/2321 Zinger, L., & Cohen, A. (2010). Veterans returning from war into the classroom: How can colleges be better prepared to meet their needs. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(1), 39–51.

Diyalojik Psikoloji ve İlahiyat Bakış Açılarından Gazileri Anlamak

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 139 - 160, 15.08.2018

Abstract

Diyalojik benlik kuramı çerçevesi, ordudan sivil hayata geçiş sürecinde askeri personelin psikolojik topoğrafyasını “haritalama” ve derinlemesine inceleme ve böylece bu süreç içerisinde öz kimlik süreçlerini daha iyi anlama arayışı açısından umut verici bir metodoloji olarak görülmüştür. Bu makale, bu metodolojiyi, yıllık görüşmelerle on dokuz İsveçli askerin sivil hayata geçişlerindeki üç yıllık süre boyunca takip eden boylamsal bir araştırma projesinden alınan bir durum çalışması ile sunmaktadır. Bu durum çalışması, benlikleri içinde belirgin dini/manevi/ahlaki konumlara sahip askerlerde, bu ben-konumları (I-position), askerlik hizmetinin bir sonucu olarak ihlal edildiğinde ortaya çıkan potansiyel zedelenebilirlik hakkındaki bir tartışmaya dönüşmektedir. Bu ihlal veya haddini aşmalar, benliğin ruhsal kapasitesini değişen derecelerde koparan bir tür manevi incinme ile sonuçlanabilmektedir. Bu tür bir manevi incinmenin tipik olarak diyalog yerine monolog tarafından izlendiği düşünülmektedir. Teolojik kavramlar olarak affetme ve kabul etme, ihlal edilen pozisyon(lar) ile zedelenmiş askeri pozisyon arasındaki diyalojik kapasiteyi kademeli olarak onarabilir. Kabul ve diyalojik tekamül böylece manevi hasarı iyileştirmeye başlayabilir.

References

  • A. B., Zamorski, M., & Britt, T. W. (2011). The psychology of transition: Adapting to home after deployment. In A. B. Adler, P. B. Bliese, & C. A. Castro (Eds.), Deployment psychology: Evidence-based strategies to promote mental health in the military (pp. 153–174). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Bélanger, S. A. H., & Moore, M. (2013). Public opinion and soldier identity: Tensions and resolutions. In A. B. Aiken, & S. A. H. Bélanger (Eds.), Beyond the line: Military and veteran health research (pp. 103-120). Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Berg, G. (2011). The relationship between spiritual distress, PTSD and depression in Vietnam combat veterans. Journal of Pastoral Care and Counseling, 65(1-2):6:1-11. Bobrow, J., Cook, E., Knowles, C., & Vieten, C. (2013). Coming all the way home: Integrative community care for those who serve. Psychological Services, 10(2), 137–144. Bragin, M. (2010). Can anyone here know who I am? Co-constructing meaningful narratives with combat veterans. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(3), 316-326. Brunger, H., Serrato, J., & Ogden, J. (2013). “No man’s land”: the transition to civilian life. Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, 5(2), 86-100. Bryan, C. J., Graham, E., & Roberge, E. (2015). Living a life worth living: Spirituality and suicide risk in military personnel. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 2(1), 74–78. Buell, S. D. (2010). Life is a cruise: What does it mean to be a retired naval officer transitioning into civilian world? (Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Thomas, Minnesota, United States of America). Clandinin, J. D. (2013). Engaging in narrative inquiry. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, Inc. Clandinin, J. D., & Connelly, M. F. (2000). Narrative inquiry: Experience and story in qualitative research. San Francisco: A Wiley Imprint. Crossley, M. L. (2000). Introducing narrative psychology: Self, trauma and the construction of meaning. Philadelphia: Open University Press. DiRamio, D., Ackerman, R., & Mitchell, R. L. (2008). From combat to campus: Voices of studentveterans. NASPA Journal, 45(1), 73–102. Drops, G. J. (1979). Change in self-concept and identity during a time of mid-life transition (Doctoral dissertation, the Union for Experimenting Colleges and Universities, Union Graduate School West, San Diego, United States of America). Elliott, M., Gonzalez, C., & Larsen, B. (2011). U.S. military veterans transition to college: Combat, PTSD, and alienation on campus. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 48, 279– 296. Doi:10.2202/ 1949-6605.6293 Figley, C. R., & Leventman, S. (1980). Introduction: Estrangement and victimization. In C. R. Figley & S. Leventman (Eds.), Strangers at home: Vietnam veterans since the war (pp. xxi– xxxi). New York: Praeger. Ganzevoort, R. R. (1998). Reading by the lines: Proposal for a narrative analytical technique in empirical theology. Journal of Empirical Theology, 11(2), 23-40. Ganzevoort, R. R. (2008). Scars and stigmata: Trauma, identity and theology. Practical Theology, 1(1), 19-31. Ganzevoort, R. R., & Roeland, J. H. (2014). Lived religion. The praxis of practical theology. International Journal of Practical Theology, 18(1), 91-101. Gonçalves, M. M., & Ribeiro, A. P. (2012). Narrative processes of innovation and stability within the dialogical self. In H. J. M. Hermans, & T. Gieser (Eds), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 301-318). New York: Cambridge University Press. Grimell, J. (2015). A transitional narrative of military identity: Eric’s story. International Journal for Dialogical Science, 9(1), 135-157. Grimell, J. (2016a). The story of the self in the aftermath of crisis: A case study. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 29(1), 66-79. Grimell, J. (2016b). Existential spiritual life among Swedish service members in transition: Marking out trends. Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 3(3), 208-219. Grimell, J. (2017a). Advancing an understanding of selves in transition: I-positions as an analytical tool. Culture & Psychology, 0(0), 1-22. Grimell, J. (2017b). Self-reorganization in transition from military to civilian life: Maria’s way. Mental Health Family Medicine, 13, 544-553. Grimell, J. (2018). Reconsidering the uniform: Existential and religious identity reconstruction among Swedes after military service (Doctoral dissertation, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Zürich, Switzerland: LIT Verlag. Haynie, J. M., & Shepherd, D. (2011). Toward a theory of discontinuous career transition; Investigating career transitions necessitated by traumatic life events. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 501-524. Hermans, H. J. M. (1996). Opposites in a dialogical self: Constructs as characters. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 9, 1-16. Hermans, H. J. M. (1999). Dialogical thinking and self-innovation. Culture and Psychology, 5(1), 67-87. Hermans, H. J. M. (2001a). The dialogical self: Toward a theory of personal and cultural positioning. Culture & Psychology, 7(3), 243-281. Hermans, H. J. M. (2001b). The construction of a personal position repertoire: Method and practice. Culture and Psychology, 7(3), 323-365. Hermans, H. J. M. (2002). The dialogical self as a society of mind: Introduction. Theory & Psychology, 12(2), 147-160. Hermans, H. J. M. (2003). The construction and reconstruction of a dialogical self. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 16, 89-130. Hermans, H. J. M. (2004). Introduction: The dialogical self in a global and digital age. Identity: An international Journal of Theory and Research, 4, 297-320. Hermans, H. J. M. (2008). How to perform research on the basis of dialogical self theory? Introduction to the special issue. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 21, 185-199. Hermans, H. J. M. (2012a). Applications of dialogical self theory: New directions for child and adolescent development. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco: Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hermans, H. J. M. (2012b). Between dreaming and recognition seeking: The emergence of dialogical self theory. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc. Hermans, H. J. M. (2013). The dialogical self in education: Introduction. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 26(2), 81-89. Hermans, H. J. M., Kempen, H. J. G., & van Loon, R. J. P. (1992). The dialogical self: beyond individualism and rationalism. American Psychologist, 47, 23-33. Hermans, H. J. M., & Hermans-Jansen, E. (1995). Self-narratives: The construction of meaning in psychotherapy. New York: The Guilford Press. Hermans, H. J. M., & Dimaggio, G. (2007). Self, identity, and globalization in times of uncertainty: A dialogical analysis. Review of General Psychology, 11(1), 31-61. Hermans, H. J. M., & Hermans-Konopka, A. (2010). Dialogical self theory: Positioning and counter-positioning in a globalizing society. New York: Cambridge University Press. Hermans, H. J. M., & Gieser, T. (Eds.). (2012). Introductory chapter: History, main tenets and core concepts of a dialogical self theory. In H. J. M. Hermans, & T. Gieser (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 1-28). New York: Cambridge University Press. Jasper, C. A., Moore, H. R., Whittaker, L. S., & Gillespie, A. (2012). Methodological approaches to studying the self in its social context. In H. J. M. Hermans & T. Gieser (Eds.), Handbook of dialogical self theory (pp. 319-334). New York: Cambridge University Press. Koenig, H. G., Boucher, N. A., Oliver, J. P., Youssef, N., Mooney, S. R., Currier, J. M., & Pearce, M. (2017). Rationale for spiritually oriented cognitive processing therapy for moral injury in active duty military and veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(2), 147-153. Kvale, S. (2007). Doing interviews. London: Sage. Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Den kvalitativa forskningen [The qualitative research] (2nd ed.). Lund, Sverige: Studentlitteratur AB. Litz, B. T., Stein, N., Delaney, E., Lebowitz, L., Nash, W. P., Silva, C., & Maguen, S. (2009). Moral injury and moral repair in war veterans: A preliminary model and intervention strategy. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(8), 695-706. McAdams, D. P. (1988). Power, intimacy and the life story: Personological inquiries into identity. New York: The Guilford Press. McAdams, D. P. (1997). The stories we live by: Personal myths and the making of the self. New York: The Guilford Press. McAdams, D. P. (2013). The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York: Oxford University Press. McAdams, D. P., Josselson, R., & Lieblich, A. (Eds.). (2002). Turns in the road: Narrative studies of lives in transition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. McAdams, D. P., Josselson, R., & Lieblich, A. (Eds.). (2006). Identity and story: Creating self in narrative. Washington, DC: APA Books. McGuire, M. (2008). Lived religion: Faith and practice in everyday life. New York: Oxford University Press. Mishler, E. G. (1986). The analysis of interview-narratives. In T. R. Sarbin (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct (pp. 233-255). Westport, CT: Praeger. Mishler, E. G. (1991). Research interviewing: Context and narrative. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Mishler. E. G. (2004). Storylines: Craftartistis’ narratives of identity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Brock, R. N., & Lettini, G. (2012). Soul repair: Recovering from moral injury after war. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Noy, C. (2008). Sample knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 327-344. Pellegrino, L., & Hoggan, C. (2015). A tale of two transitions female military veterans during their first year at community college. ADULT LEARNING, 26(3), 124-131. Persky, K. R., & Oliver, D. E. (2011). Veterans coming home to the community college: Linking research to practice. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 35, 111–120. Polkinghorne, D. E. (2005). Language and meaning: Data collection in qualitative research. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(2), 137-145. Rambo, S. (2010). Spirit and trauma; A theology of remaining. Louisville, KY: Westminister John Knox Press. Riessman, K. C. (1993). Narrative analysis. London: Sage. Rosenberg, S. D. (1993). The threshold of thrill: Life stories in the skies over Southeast Asia. In M. G. Cooke, & A. Woollacott (Eds.), Gendering war talk (pp. 43-66). New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Rumann, C. B. (2010). Student veterans return to community college: Understanding their transitions (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (AAT 3403830) Rumann, C. B., & Hamrick, F. A. (2010). Student veterans in transition: Re-enrolling after war zone deployments. Journal of Higher Education, 81(4), 431–458. Sarbin, T. R. (Ed.). (1986). The narrative as a root metaphor for psychology. In T. R. Sarbin, (Ed.), Narrative psychology: The storied nature of human conduct (pp. 3-21). Westport, CT: Praeger. Savion, S. M. (2009). How do retired officers start anew in civilian society? A phenomenological study of life transition (Doctoral dissertation, The George Washington University, Washington, United States of America). Retrieved from http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/ER/detail/hkul/4354853 Tillich, P. (2014). The courage to be (3rd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Thornborrow, T., & Brown, A. D. (2009). Being regimented: Aspiration, discipline and identity work in the British parachute regiment. Organization Studies, 30(4), 355-376. Valsiner, J. (2004, July 11-15). The promoter sign: Development transformation within the structure of the dialogical self. Paper presented at the Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Ghent. van den Brand, J., Hermans, C., Scherer-Rath, M., & Verschuren, P. (2014). An instrument for reconstructing interpretation in life stories. In R. R. Ganzevoort, M. de Haardt, & M. Scherer- Rath (Eds.), Religious stories we live by: Narrative approaches in theology and religious studies (pp. 169-180). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. Webster, L., & Mertova, P. (2007). Using narrative inquiry as a research method: An introduction to using critical event narrative analysis in research on learning and teaching. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis. Whiteman, S. D., Barry, A. E., Mroczek, D. K., & MacDermid Wadsworth, S. (2013). The development and implications of peer emotional support for student service members/veterans and civilian college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(2), 265-278. Wortmann, J. H., Eisen, E., Hundert, C., Jordan, A. H., Smith, M. W., Nash, W. 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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Jan Grimell This is me 0000-0002-7327-8519

Publication Date August 15, 2018
Submission Date December 18, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Grimell, J. (2018). Understanding Veterans Through the Lens of Dialogical Psychology and Theology. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 3(2), 139-160.