Multi-Cultural Counseling and Spiritual Interventions
Year 2019,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 163 - 180, 30.06.2019
Berra Keçeci
,
Halil Ekşi
Abstract
With the start of individuals from different cultures and subcultures taking part in the same society, the process of understanding and recognizing cultures has found its place in psychology and counseling. While multicultural counseling evaluates the counselor’s cultural values in the counseling environment, various ideas have been formed to address spirituality. This article summarizes the place of counseling in the psychology literature, along with perspectives on dealing with religion and spirituality. It then aims to examine the process of multiculturalism and multicultural counseling in terms of spirituality and traditional approaches.
References
- Altareb, B. Y. (1996). Islamic spirituality in America: A middle path to unity. Counseling and
Values, 41(1), 29–38.
Asnaani, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Collaboration in multicultural therapy: Establishing a
strong therapeutic alliance across cultural lines. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(2), 187–197.
American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: American
Counseling Association.
Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC). (2018).
Competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Retrieved October 10,
2018 from http://www.aservic.org/resources/spiritual-competencies/
Arrey, A. E., Bilsen, J., Lacor, P., & Deschepper, R. (2016). Spirituality/religiosity: A cultural
and psychological resource among Sub-Saharan African migrant women with HIV/AIDS in
Belgium. PloS One, 11(7), e0159488.
Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışma eğitimindeki
yeri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 1, 43–59.
Berkel, L. A., Constantine, M. G., & Olson, E. A. (2007). Supervisor multicultural competence:
Addressing religious and spiritual issues with counseling students in supervision. The Clinical
Supervisor, 26(1-2), 3–15.
Bishop, D. R., Avila-Juarbe, E., & Thumme, B. (2003). Recognizing spirituality as an important
factor in counselor supervision. Counseling and Values, 48(1), 34–46.
Blando, J. A. (2006). Spirituality, religion, and counseling. Counseling and Human Development,
39(2), 1 –16.
Blount, A. J., & Young, M. E. (2015). Counseling multiple-heritage couples. Journal of Multicultural
Counseling and Development, 43(2), 137–152.
Bojuwoye, O. (2005). Traditional healing practices in Southern Africa. In R. Moodley & W. West
(Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp.
63–70). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Burke, M. T., Hackney, H., Hudson, P., Miranti, J., Watts, G. A., & Epp, L. (1999). Spirituality, religion,
and CACREP curriculum standards. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(3), 251–257.
The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2016). 2016
CACREP standards. Retrieved May 15, 2019 from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/08/2016-Standards-with-citations.pdf
Canel-Çınarbaş, D. (2015). İslami ve islam öncesi inançlar ve psikoloji: Türkiye’de yerel sağaltım
yöntemleri bağlamında türbe ve hoca ziyaretleri. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(1), 27–39.
Carter, J. H. (2002). Religion/spirituality in African-American culture: An essential aspect of
psychiatric care. Journal of the National Medical Association, 94(5), 371–375.
Cashwell, C. S., & Watts, R. E. (2010). The new ASERVIC competencies for addressing spiritual
and religious issues in counseling. Counseling and Values, 55(1), 2–5.
Chong, F. H. H., & Liu, H. Y. (2002). Indigenous counseling in the Chinese cultural context:
Experience transformed model. Asian Journal of Counselling, 9(1), 49–68.
Das, A. K. (1987). Indigenous models of therapy in traditional Asian societies. Journal of
Multicultural Counseling and Development, 15(1), 25–37.
Demir, İ. H. (2016). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri
ve çok kültürlü kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi [Examining school counselors’ multicultural
counseling competences and multicultural personality traits](Master’s thesis, Education Science
Institute, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Dinçer, M. (2016). Legacy of an Anatolian sufi from a psychological perspective: Case of Yunus
Emre. Spiritual
Psychology and Counseling, 1, 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/spc.2016.1.0004
Dow, J. (1986). Universal aspects of symbolic healing: A theoretical synthesis. American
Anthropologist, 88(1), 56–69.
Ekşi, H., & Kaya, Ç. (Eds.). (2016). Manevi yönelimli psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışma. İstanbul,
Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları.
Ekşi, H. (Ed.). (2017). Psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışmada maneviyat: Kuramlar ve uygulamalar.
İstanbul, Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları.
Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward a
humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. Journal
of Humanistic Psychology, 28(4), 5–18.
Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve
Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109–122.
Farooqi, Y. N. (2006). Traditional healing practices sought by Muslim psychiatric patients in Lahore,
Pakistan. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53(4), 401–415.
Fukuyama, M. A., & Sevig, T. D. (1999). Integrating spirituality into multicultural counseling (Vol.
13). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hall, C. R., Dixon, W. A., & Mauzey, E. D. (2004). Spirituality and religion: Implications for
counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 504–507.
Hanna, F. J., & Green, A. (2004). Asian shades of spirituality: Implications for multicultural school
counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 326–333.
Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and
therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hurley, E., & Callahan, J. L. (2008). Integrating eastern philosophy into western psychology: A
primer for students of applied psychology. Modern Psychological Studies, 13(2), 50–59.
Ibrahim, F. A., & Dykeman, C. (2011). Counseling Muslim Americans: Cultural and spiritual
assessments. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(4), 387–396.
Inayat, Q. (2005). Islam, divinity, and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.),
Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 128–
135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jafari, M. F. (1993). Counseling values and objectives: A comparison of western and Islamic
perspectives. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 10(3), 326–339.
Jilek, W. G. (1994). Traditional healing in the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse.
Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 31(3), 219–258.
Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2013). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık
lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40), 222–231.
Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma. Türk Psikolojik
Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115–126.
Karaırmak, Ö. (2016). Tinsel anlayışın psikolojik danışmadaki rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve
Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(22), 45–55.
Kirmayer, L. J. (1999). Myth and ritual in psychotherapy. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(4), 451–460.
Korban (2018). Psikolojik danışmanların çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma yeterliklerinin psikolojik
danışma becerilerini yordama düzeyi (Master’s thesis, Social Sciences Institute, Sabahattin
Zaim University İstanbul, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Laungani, P. (2008). Building multicultural counselling bridges: The Holy Grail or a poisoned
chalice. In R. Moodley, A. Rai, & W. Alladin (Eds.), Bridging East-West psychology and
counselling: Exploring the work of Pittu Laungani (pp. 18–29). New Delhi: Sage.
Lee, C. C., Oh, M. Y., & Mountcastle, A. R. (1992). Indigenous models of helping in nonwestern
countries: Implications for multicultural counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and
Development, 20, 3–10.
Lee, C. C. (2008). Elements of culturally competent counseling (ACAPCD-24). Alexandria, VA:
American Counseling Association.
Lettenberger-Klein, C. G., Fish, J. N., & Hecker, L. L. (2013). Cultural competence when working
with American Indian populations: A couple and family therapist perspective. The American
Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 148–159.
Maduro, R. (1983). Curanderismo and Latino views of disease and curing. Western Journal of
Medicine, 139(6), 868–874.
Magaldi-Dopman, D. (2014). An “afterthought”: Counseling trainees’ multicultural
competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and
Development, 42(4), 194–204.
Matheson, L. (1996). Valuing spirituality among Native American populations. Counseling and
Values, 41(1), 51–58.
McCabe, G. H. (2007). The healing path: A culture and community-derived indigenous therapy
model. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 148–160. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.2.148
Otani, A. (2003). Eastern meditative techniques and hypnosis: a new synthesis. American Journal
of Clinical Hypnosis, 46(2), 97–108.
Owen, J., Jordan, T. A., Turner, D., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., & Leach, M. M. (2014). Therapists’
multicultural orientation: Client perceptions of cultural humility, spiritual/religious commitment,
and therapy outcomes. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(1), 91–98.
Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling
& Development, 70(1), 6–12.
Poonwassie, A., & Charter, A. (2005). Aboriginal worldview of healing. In R. Moodley & W. West
(Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp.
31–37). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (1997). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy.
Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10241-000
Schlosser, L. Z., Ali, S. R., Ackerman, S. R., & Dewey, J. J. H. (2009). Religion, ethnicity, culture,
way of life: Jews, Muslims, and multicultural counseling. Counseling and Values, 54(1), 48–64.
Sollod, R. N. (2005). Spiritual and healing approaches in psychotherapeutic practice. In R. Moodley
& W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy
(Vol. 22, pp. 202–209). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and
standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(4), 477–486.
Trimble, J. E. (2010). Bear spends time in our dreams now: Magical thinking and cultural empathy in
multicultural counselling theory and practice. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 23(3), 241–253.
Trotter, R. T. (2001). Curanderismo: A picture of Mexican-American folk healing. The Journal of
Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 7(2), 129–131.
Tseng, W. S. (1999). Culture and psychotherapy: Review and practical guidelines. Transcultural
Psychiatry, 36(2), 131–179.
Vontress, C. E. (1991). Traditional healing in Africa: Implications for cross-cultural counseling.
Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 242–249.
Vontress, C. E. (1996). A personal retrospective on cross-cultural counseling. Journal of
Multicultural Counseling and Development, 24(3), 156–166.
Waldram, J. B. (1994). Aboriginal spirituality in corrections: A Canadian case study in religion and
therapy. American Indian Quarterly, 18(2), 197–214.
Walker, D. F., Gorsuch, R. L., & Tan, S. Y. (2004). Therapists’ integration of religion and spirituality
in counseling: A meta-analysis. Counseling and Values, 49(1), 69–80.
West, W. (2000). Psychotherapy & spirituality: Crossing the line between therapy and religion.
London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
West, W. (2005). Crossing the line between talking therapies and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley
& W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy
(Vol. 22, pp. 47–55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Whitley, R. (2012). Religious competence as cultural competence. Transcultural psychiatry, 49(2),
245–260.
World Health Organization. (1978). The promotion and development of traditional medicine:
Report of a WHO meeting [Held in Geneva from 28 November to 2 December 1977].
Worthington Jr, E. L. (1989). Religious faith across the life span: Implications for counseling and
research. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(4), 555–612.
Worthington Jr, E. L., & Sandage, S. J. (2001). Religion and spirituality. Psychotherapy: Theory,
Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 473–478.
Yeh, C. J., Hunter, C. D., Madan-Bahel, A., Chiang, L., & Arora, A. K. (2004). Indigenous and
interdependent perspectives of healing: Implications for counseling and research. Journal of
Counseling & Development, 82(4), 410–419.
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., … Kadar, J. L. (1997).
Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,
36(4), 549–564.
Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2000). Working with the sacred: Four approaches to religious
and spiritual issues in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 162–171.
Çok Kültürlü Danışmanlık ve Manevi Müdahaleler
Year 2019,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 163 - 180, 30.06.2019
Berra Keçeci
,
Halil Ekşi
Abstract
Toplumlar arasında giderek artan etkileşim ve iletişim psikolojik danışmanlık müdahalelerinde kültürün konumlandırılmasına ilişkin çalışmaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Danışanın problemlerinin çözümünde beraberinde getirdiği kültürel özellikleri kullanmak giderek önem kazanmıştır. Her kültür kendi kültürel anlayışı içerisinde bireyin psikolojik iyiliği için ortaya koyduğu maneviyat kavramı da çok kültürlü danışmanlık anlayışı içerisinde kendisine önemli bir tartışma alanı açmıştır. Bu makalede çok kültürlü psikolojik danışmanlık literatüründe maneviyat anlayışı ve müdahalelerine yönelik çalışmaları incelemek amaçlanmaktadır.
References
- Altareb, B. Y. (1996). Islamic spirituality in America: A middle path to unity. Counseling and
Values, 41(1), 29–38.
Asnaani, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Collaboration in multicultural therapy: Establishing a
strong therapeutic alliance across cultural lines. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(2), 187–197.
American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: American
Counseling Association.
Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC). (2018).
Competencies for addressing spiritual and religious issues in counseling. Retrieved October 10,
2018 from http://www.aservic.org/resources/spiritual-competencies/
Arrey, A. E., Bilsen, J., Lacor, P., & Deschepper, R. (2016). Spirituality/religiosity: A cultural
and psychological resource among Sub-Saharan African migrant women with HIV/AIDS in
Belgium. PloS One, 11(7), e0159488.
Bektaş, Y. (2006). Kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri ve psikolojik danışma eğitimindeki
yeri. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 1, 43–59.
Berkel, L. A., Constantine, M. G., & Olson, E. A. (2007). Supervisor multicultural competence:
Addressing religious and spiritual issues with counseling students in supervision. The Clinical
Supervisor, 26(1-2), 3–15.
Bishop, D. R., Avila-Juarbe, E., & Thumme, B. (2003). Recognizing spirituality as an important
factor in counselor supervision. Counseling and Values, 48(1), 34–46.
Blando, J. A. (2006). Spirituality, religion, and counseling. Counseling and Human Development,
39(2), 1 –16.
Blount, A. J., & Young, M. E. (2015). Counseling multiple-heritage couples. Journal of Multicultural
Counseling and Development, 43(2), 137–152.
Bojuwoye, O. (2005). Traditional healing practices in Southern Africa. In R. Moodley & W. West
(Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp.
63–70). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Burke, M. T., Hackney, H., Hudson, P., Miranti, J., Watts, G. A., & Epp, L. (1999). Spirituality, religion,
and CACREP curriculum standards. Journal of Counseling & Development, 77(3), 251–257.
The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs. (2016). 2016
CACREP standards. Retrieved May 15, 2019 from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/
uploads/2017/08/2016-Standards-with-citations.pdf
Canel-Çınarbaş, D. (2015). İslami ve islam öncesi inançlar ve psikoloji: Türkiye’de yerel sağaltım
yöntemleri bağlamında türbe ve hoca ziyaretleri. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(1), 27–39.
Carter, J. H. (2002). Religion/spirituality in African-American culture: An essential aspect of
psychiatric care. Journal of the National Medical Association, 94(5), 371–375.
Cashwell, C. S., & Watts, R. E. (2010). The new ASERVIC competencies for addressing spiritual
and religious issues in counseling. Counseling and Values, 55(1), 2–5.
Chong, F. H. H., & Liu, H. Y. (2002). Indigenous counseling in the Chinese cultural context:
Experience transformed model. Asian Journal of Counselling, 9(1), 49–68.
Das, A. K. (1987). Indigenous models of therapy in traditional Asian societies. Journal of
Multicultural Counseling and Development, 15(1), 25–37.
Demir, İ. H. (2016). Okul psikolojik danışmanlarının kültüre duyarlı psikolojik danışma yeterlikleri
ve çok kültürlü kişilik özelliklerinin incelenmesi [Examining school counselors’ multicultural
counseling competences and multicultural personality traits](Master’s thesis, Education Science
Institute, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Dinçer, M. (2016). Legacy of an Anatolian sufi from a psychological perspective: Case of Yunus
Emre. Spiritual
Psychology and Counseling, 1, 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/spc.2016.1.0004
Dow, J. (1986). Universal aspects of symbolic healing: A theoretical synthesis. American
Anthropologist, 88(1), 56–69.
Ekşi, H., & Kaya, Ç. (Eds.). (2016). Manevi yönelimli psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışma. İstanbul,
Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları.
Ekşi, H. (Ed.). (2017). Psikoterapi ve psikolojik danışmada maneviyat: Kuramlar ve uygulamalar.
İstanbul, Turkey: Kaknüs Yayınları.
Elkins, D. N., Hedstrom, L. J., Hughes, L. L., Leaf, J. A., & Saunders, C. (1988). Toward a
humanistic-phenomenological spirituality: Definition, description, and measurement. Journal
of Humanistic Psychology, 28(4), 5–18.
Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2007). Psikolojik danışma ve kültürel faktörler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve
Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(27), 109–122.
Farooqi, Y. N. (2006). Traditional healing practices sought by Muslim psychiatric patients in Lahore,
Pakistan. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 53(4), 401–415.
Fukuyama, M. A., & Sevig, T. D. (1999). Integrating spirituality into multicultural counseling (Vol.
13). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hall, C. R., Dixon, W. A., & Mauzey, E. D. (2004). Spirituality and religion: Implications for
counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(4), 504–507.
Hanna, F. J., & Green, A. (2004). Asian shades of spirituality: Implications for multicultural school
counseling. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 326–333.
Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and
therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hurley, E., & Callahan, J. L. (2008). Integrating eastern philosophy into western psychology: A
primer for students of applied psychology. Modern Psychological Studies, 13(2), 50–59.
Ibrahim, F. A., & Dykeman, C. (2011). Counseling Muslim Americans: Cultural and spiritual
assessments. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(4), 387–396.
Inayat, Q. (2005). Islam, divinity, and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley & W. West (Eds.),
Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp. 128–
135). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jafari, M. F. (1993). Counseling values and objectives: A comparison of western and Islamic
perspectives. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 10(3), 326–339.
Jilek, W. G. (1994). Traditional healing in the prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse.
Transcultural Psychiatric Research Review, 31(3), 219–258.
Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2013). Çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma eğitiminin rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık
lisans programlarına yerleştirilmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(40), 222–231.
Karaırmak, Ö. (2008). Çok kültürlülük, kültürel duyarlılık ve psikolojik danışma. Türk Psikolojik
Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(29), 115–126.
Karaırmak, Ö. (2016). Tinsel anlayışın psikolojik danışmadaki rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve
Rehberlik Dergisi, 3(22), 45–55.
Kirmayer, L. J. (1999). Myth and ritual in psychotherapy. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(4), 451–460.
Korban (2018). Psikolojik danışmanların çok kültürlü psikolojik danışma yeterliklerinin psikolojik
danışma becerilerini yordama düzeyi (Master’s thesis, Social Sciences Institute, Sabahattin
Zaim University İstanbul, Turkey). Retrieved https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
Laungani, P. (2008). Building multicultural counselling bridges: The Holy Grail or a poisoned
chalice. In R. Moodley, A. Rai, & W. Alladin (Eds.), Bridging East-West psychology and
counselling: Exploring the work of Pittu Laungani (pp. 18–29). New Delhi: Sage.
Lee, C. C., Oh, M. Y., & Mountcastle, A. R. (1992). Indigenous models of helping in nonwestern
countries: Implications for multicultural counseling. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and
Development, 20, 3–10.
Lee, C. C. (2008). Elements of culturally competent counseling (ACAPCD-24). Alexandria, VA:
American Counseling Association.
Lettenberger-Klein, C. G., Fish, J. N., & Hecker, L. L. (2013). Cultural competence when working
with American Indian populations: A couple and family therapist perspective. The American
Journal of Family Therapy, 41(2), 148–159.
Maduro, R. (1983). Curanderismo and Latino views of disease and curing. Western Journal of
Medicine, 139(6), 868–874.
Magaldi-Dopman, D. (2014). An “afterthought”: Counseling trainees’ multicultural
competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and
Development, 42(4), 194–204.
Matheson, L. (1996). Valuing spirituality among Native American populations. Counseling and
Values, 41(1), 51–58.
McCabe, G. H. (2007). The healing path: A culture and community-derived indigenous therapy
model. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(2), 148–160. http://dx.doi.
org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.2.148
Otani, A. (2003). Eastern meditative techniques and hypnosis: a new synthesis. American Journal
of Clinical Hypnosis, 46(2), 97–108.
Owen, J., Jordan, T. A., Turner, D., Davis, D. E., Hook, J. N., & Leach, M. M. (2014). Therapists’
multicultural orientation: Client perceptions of cultural humility, spiritual/religious commitment,
and therapy outcomes. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 42(1), 91–98.
Pedersen, P. B. (1991). Multiculturalism as a generic approach to counseling. Journal of Counseling
& Development, 70(1), 6–12.
Poonwassie, A., & Charter, A. (2005). Aboriginal worldview of healing. In R. Moodley & W. West
(Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy (Vol. 22, pp.
31–37). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Richards, P. S., & Bergin, A. E. (1997). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy.
Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10241-000
Schlosser, L. Z., Ali, S. R., Ackerman, S. R., & Dewey, J. J. H. (2009). Religion, ethnicity, culture,
way of life: Jews, Muslims, and multicultural counseling. Counseling and Values, 54(1), 48–64.
Sollod, R. N. (2005). Spiritual and healing approaches in psychotherapeutic practice. In R. Moodley
& W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy
(Vol. 22, pp. 202–209). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sue, D. W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R. J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and
standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(4), 477–486.
Trimble, J. E. (2010). Bear spends time in our dreams now: Magical thinking and cultural empathy in
multicultural counselling theory and practice. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 23(3), 241–253.
Trotter, R. T. (2001). Curanderismo: A picture of Mexican-American folk healing. The Journal of
Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 7(2), 129–131.
Tseng, W. S. (1999). Culture and psychotherapy: Review and practical guidelines. Transcultural
Psychiatry, 36(2), 131–179.
Vontress, C. E. (1991). Traditional healing in Africa: Implications for cross-cultural counseling.
Journal of Counseling & Development, 70(1), 242–249.
Vontress, C. E. (1996). A personal retrospective on cross-cultural counseling. Journal of
Multicultural Counseling and Development, 24(3), 156–166.
Waldram, J. B. (1994). Aboriginal spirituality in corrections: A Canadian case study in religion and
therapy. American Indian Quarterly, 18(2), 197–214.
Walker, D. F., Gorsuch, R. L., & Tan, S. Y. (2004). Therapists’ integration of religion and spirituality
in counseling: A meta-analysis. Counseling and Values, 49(1), 69–80.
West, W. (2000). Psychotherapy & spirituality: Crossing the line between therapy and religion.
London and Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
West, W. (2005). Crossing the line between talking therapies and spiritual healing. In R. Moodley
& W. West (Eds.), Integrating traditional healing practices into counseling and psychotherapy
(Vol. 22, pp. 47–55). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Whitley, R. (2012). Religious competence as cultural competence. Transcultural psychiatry, 49(2),
245–260.
World Health Organization. (1978). The promotion and development of traditional medicine:
Report of a WHO meeting [Held in Geneva from 28 November to 2 December 1977].
Worthington Jr, E. L. (1989). Religious faith across the life span: Implications for counseling and
research. The Counseling Psychologist, 17(4), 555–612.
Worthington Jr, E. L., & Sandage, S. J. (2001). Religion and spirituality. Psychotherapy: Theory,
Research, Practice, Training, 38(4), 473–478.
Yeh, C. J., Hunter, C. D., Madan-Bahel, A., Chiang, L., & Arora, A. K. (2004). Indigenous and
interdependent perspectives of healing: Implications for counseling and research. Journal of
Counseling & Development, 82(4), 410–419.
Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M. S., Butter, E. M., … Kadar, J. L. (1997).
Religion and spirituality: Unfuzzying the fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion,
36(4), 549–564.
Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2000). Working with the sacred: Four approaches to religious
and spiritual issues in counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(2), 162–171.