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The Religious and Spiritual Dimensions of Bowen Family Therapy

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 65 - 85, 15.02.2020

Abstract

The topic of spirituality stands out in recent years as being heavily addressed in the field of psychological counseling and guidance. A similar picture also stands out when looked at from the angle of family therapies. When looking at studies made in the field of family therapy, studies addressing the aspect of family spirituality are seen to continue increasing. Bowen’s Family Systems Theory is one of these approaches. Bowen Family Theory handles the family as a system and attempts to solve the individuals’ problems by considering the environment within which they are found. The individual’s surroundings contain many situations, from family to culture, siblings to religious beliefs, from traditions to customs, and from relationships to spirituality. According to Bowen, spirituality is the reflection of the topic of God in relationships, and located foremost within the theory, a spiritual aspect is found in all important concepts, including ego differentiation and triangulations. Encountering religious and spiritual elements is possible in many of the concepts of Bowen Family Systems. This study handles the perspective of spirituality in the Bowen Family Systems Theory as one of the theories of family systems and the place of spirituality within Bowen Family Systems. In this context, first the Bowen Family Systems Theory is briefly introduced, then the study attempts to explain the spiritual dimension of the theory in light of some of its basic concepts. In addition, the Bowen approach is addressed from the Islamic perspective, and a case sample has been presented related to the intervention methods that can be used in this situation.

References

  • Abdal-Ati, H. (1974). Modern problems, classical solutions: An Islamic perspective on the family. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 5, 37–54 Acar, T., & Voltan–Acar, N. (2013). “Babam ve Oğlum” filminin çok kuşaklı /kuşaklararası aile terapisi’ nin temel kavramları açısından değerlendirilmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(1), 37–53. Altarebe, B. (2008). The practice of marriage and family counseling and Islam. In J. Duba Onedera (Ed.), The role of religion in marriage and family counseling (pp. 89–104). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Asamarai, L. A., Solberg, K. B., & Solon, P. C. (2006). The role of religiosity in Muslim spouse selection and its influence on marital satisfaction. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3, 37–52. Batson, C. D., & Ventis, L. (1982). The religious experience: A social-psychological perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Berensen, D. (1990). A systematic view of spirituality: God and twelve step programs as resources in family therapy. Journal of Strategic and Systematic Therapies, 9, 59–70. Bowen, M. (1966). The use of family theory in clinical practice. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 7, 345–374. Bowen, M. (1978). Theory in the practice of psychotherapy. In P. J. Guerin (Ed.), Family therapy: Theory and practice (pp. 42–90).New York, NY: Gardner Press. Bowen, M. (1985). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: Jason Aronson Burris, C., Jackson, L., Tarpley, W. R., & Smith, G. (1996). Religion as quest: The self-directed pursuit of meaning. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 22, 1068–1076. Butler, M. H., & Harper, J. M. (1994). The divine triangle: God in the marital system of religious couples. Family Process, 33(3), 277–286. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1994.00277 Butler, M. H., Stout, J. A., & Gardner, B. C. (2002). Prayer as a conflict resolution ritual: Clinical implications of religious couples’ report of relationship softening, healing perspective, and change responsibility. American Journal of Family Therapy, 30, 19–37. Corey, G. (2008). PPsikolojik danışma ve psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları. (çev. T. Ergene). Ankara: Metis Yayıncılık. Daneshpour, M. (2017). Couple therapy with Muslims: Challenges and opportunities. In M. Rastogi & T. Volker (Eds.), Multicultural Therapy (pp. 103–120). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Gehart, D. (2014). Matering compentencies in family therapy a practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation. Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Genia, V. (1996). Quest and fundamentalism as predictors of psychological and spiritual well-being. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35, 56–64. Gladding, S. T. (2012). aile terapisi, tarihi, kuram ve uygulamaları. (çev. İ. Yıldırım ve İ. Keklik). Ankara: Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği. Goldenberg, H. ve Goldenberg, I. (2008). Family therapy an overview. Belmont: Thomson Hieger Education. Jankowski, P., & Vaughn, M. (2009). Differentiation of self and spirituality: Empirical Explorations, Counseling and Values, 53, 82–96. Jensen, C. A., & Min, D. (2003). Toward pastoral counseling ıntegration: One Bowen oriented approach. The Journal of Pastoral Care, 55, 1. Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation: An approach based on Bowen theory. New York, NY: W. W. Norton&Company. Kesici, Ş., Bayrakcı, K. E., Mert, A., & Kiper, C. (2014). Vaka örnekleriyle birlikte aile danışma kuramları ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Klever, P. (2009). Goal direction and effectiveness, emotional maturity, and nuclear family functioning. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 308–324. Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press. Mert, A., & Topal, T. (2018). Benlik ayrımlaşmasının manevi yönelimine etkisinin bazı değişkenlerle incelenmesi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(14), 68–91. doi: 10.26466/opus.393261. Minuchin, S. (1981). Family Therapy Techniques. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Nazlı, S. (2007). Aile danışmanlığı. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Polat, K. (2014). Evli bireylerde çift uyumu ve bazı psikolojik belirtilerin benliğin farklılaşması açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tokat. Sauerheber, J. D., Nims, D., & Carter, D. J. (2014). Counseling Muslim couples from a Bowen family systems perspective. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 22(2), 231–239. Sheen, F. J. (2004). Three to get married. Princeton, NJ: Scepter. Springer, P. R., Abbott, D. A., & Reisbig, A. M. J. (2009). Therapy with Muslim couples and families: Basic guidelines for effective practice. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 17, 229–235. Rizkallah, N., & Hudson, E. (2019). Circling the Triangle: An EFT Approach to working with Christian couples triangulating God. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41, 219–226. doi: 10.1007/s10591-019-09496-8. Rootes, K. M., Jankowski, P. J., & Sandage, J. A. (2002). Bowen family systems theory and spirituality: Exploring the relationship between triangulation and religious questing. Contemporary Family Therapy. Titelman, P. (2003). Emotional cutoff: Bowen family systems theory perspectives. New York: NY Haworth. Varol, R. (2015). Genogram temelli yürütülen psikolojik danışma sürecinin çift lerde evlilik uyumu, duygusal bağlılık, evlilikte problem çözme ve benliğin ayrımlaşma düzeylerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Mevlana Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Young, J., Wiggings-Frame, M. ve Cashwell, C. (2007). Spirituality and counselor competence: A national survey of American Counseling Association members. Journal of Counseling and Development, 85, 47–52. Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2013). Dindarlık ve maneviyat. (Çev. Sevde Düzgüner). R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Ed.). Din ve Maneviyat Psikolojisi (pp. 6–102). Ankara: Phoneix Yayınevi.

Bowen Aile Terapisi’nin Dini ve Manevi Boyutu

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 65 - 85, 15.02.2020

Abstract

Son yıllarda maneviyat konusunun psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında yoğun bir şekilde ele alındığı göze çarpmaktadır. Aile terapileri açısından bakıldığında da benzer bir tablo karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Aile terapisi alanında yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında ailenin manevi yönünü ele alan çalışmaların artarak devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bowen Aile Sistemleri Teorisi bu yaklaşımlardan biridir. Bowen Aile Teorisi aileyi bir sistem olarak ele alır ve bireyin problemlerini içinde bulunduğu çevreyi göz önüne alarak çözümlemeye çalışır. Bireyin bu çevresi aileden, kültüre, kardeşlerden dini inançlara, gelenek göreneklere, ilişkilerden maneviyata kadar birçok durumu içinde barındırır. Bowen’a göre maneviyat Tanrı konusunun ilişkilerdeki yansımasıdır ve teori içinde yer alan başta benlik farklılaşması ve üçgenlemeler olmak üzere tüm önemli kavramlarda manevi bir yön bulunmaktadır. Bowen Aile Sistemlerinin birçok kavramında dini ve manevi ögelere rastlamak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada Aile sistemleri kuramlarından biri olan Bowen Aile Sistemleri Teorisi’nin maneviyata bakış açısı ve maneviyatın Bowen Aile Sistemlerindeki yeri ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede öncelikle Bowen Aile Sistemleri Teorisi kısaca tanıtılmış, ardından kuramın temel kavramları doğrultusunda teorisinin manevi boyutu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca Bowen yaklaşımı İslami açıdan ele alınmış ve bu durumda kullanılabilecek müdahale yöntemleri ile ilgili de bir vaka örneği sunulmuştur.

References

  • Abdal-Ati, H. (1974). Modern problems, classical solutions: An Islamic perspective on the family. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 5, 37–54 Acar, T., & Voltan–Acar, N. (2013). “Babam ve Oğlum” filminin çok kuşaklı /kuşaklararası aile terapisi’ nin temel kavramları açısından değerlendirilmesi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(1), 37–53. Altarebe, B. (2008). The practice of marriage and family counseling and Islam. In J. Duba Onedera (Ed.), The role of religion in marriage and family counseling (pp. 89–104). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. Asamarai, L. A., Solberg, K. B., & Solon, P. C. (2006). The role of religiosity in Muslim spouse selection and its influence on marital satisfaction. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3, 37–52. Batson, C. D., & Ventis, L. (1982). The religious experience: A social-psychological perspective. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Berensen, D. (1990). A systematic view of spirituality: God and twelve step programs as resources in family therapy. Journal of Strategic and Systematic Therapies, 9, 59–70. Bowen, M. (1966). The use of family theory in clinical practice. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 7, 345–374. Bowen, M. (1978). Theory in the practice of psychotherapy. In P. J. Guerin (Ed.), Family therapy: Theory and practice (pp. 42–90).New York, NY: Gardner Press. Bowen, M. (1985). Family therapy in clinical practice. New York, NY: Jason Aronson Burris, C., Jackson, L., Tarpley, W. R., & Smith, G. (1996). Religion as quest: The self-directed pursuit of meaning. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 22, 1068–1076. Butler, M. H., & Harper, J. M. (1994). The divine triangle: God in the marital system of religious couples. Family Process, 33(3), 277–286. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1994.00277 Butler, M. H., Stout, J. A., & Gardner, B. C. (2002). Prayer as a conflict resolution ritual: Clinical implications of religious couples’ report of relationship softening, healing perspective, and change responsibility. American Journal of Family Therapy, 30, 19–37. Corey, G. (2008). PPsikolojik danışma ve psikoterapi kuram ve uygulamaları. (çev. T. Ergene). Ankara: Metis Yayıncılık. Daneshpour, M. (2017). Couple therapy with Muslims: Challenges and opportunities. In M. Rastogi & T. Volker (Eds.), Multicultural Therapy (pp. 103–120). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Gehart, D. (2014). Matering compentencies in family therapy a practical approach to theories and clinical case documentation. Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. Genia, V. (1996). Quest and fundamentalism as predictors of psychological and spiritual well-being. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 35, 56–64. Gladding, S. T. (2012). aile terapisi, tarihi, kuram ve uygulamaları. (çev. İ. Yıldırım ve İ. Keklik). Ankara: Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Derneği. Goldenberg, H. ve Goldenberg, I. (2008). Family therapy an overview. Belmont: Thomson Hieger Education. Jankowski, P., & Vaughn, M. (2009). Differentiation of self and spirituality: Empirical Explorations, Counseling and Values, 53, 82–96. Jensen, C. A., & Min, D. (2003). Toward pastoral counseling ıntegration: One Bowen oriented approach. The Journal of Pastoral Care, 55, 1. Kerr, M. E., & Bowen, M. (1988). Family evaluation: An approach based on Bowen theory. New York, NY: W. W. Norton&Company. Kesici, Ş., Bayrakcı, K. E., Mert, A., & Kiper, C. (2014). Vaka örnekleriyle birlikte aile danışma kuramları ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. Klever, P. (2009). Goal direction and effectiveness, emotional maturity, and nuclear family functioning. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 308–324. Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. New York: Oxford University Press. Mert, A., & Topal, T. (2018). Benlik ayrımlaşmasının manevi yönelimine etkisinin bazı değişkenlerle incelenmesi. OPUS–Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(14), 68–91. doi: 10.26466/opus.393261. Minuchin, S. (1981). Family Therapy Techniques. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Nazlı, S. (2007). Aile danışmanlığı. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık. Polat, K. (2014). Evli bireylerde çift uyumu ve bazı psikolojik belirtilerin benliğin farklılaşması açısından incelenmesi. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Tokat. Sauerheber, J. D., Nims, D., & Carter, D. J. (2014). Counseling Muslim couples from a Bowen family systems perspective. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 22(2), 231–239. Sheen, F. J. (2004). Three to get married. Princeton, NJ: Scepter. Springer, P. R., Abbott, D. A., & Reisbig, A. M. J. (2009). Therapy with Muslim couples and families: Basic guidelines for effective practice. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 17, 229–235. Rizkallah, N., & Hudson, E. (2019). Circling the Triangle: An EFT Approach to working with Christian couples triangulating God. Contemporary Family Therapy, 41, 219–226. doi: 10.1007/s10591-019-09496-8. Rootes, K. M., Jankowski, P. J., & Sandage, J. A. (2002). Bowen family systems theory and spirituality: Exploring the relationship between triangulation and religious questing. Contemporary Family Therapy. Titelman, P. (2003). Emotional cutoff: Bowen family systems theory perspectives. New York: NY Haworth. Varol, R. (2015). Genogram temelli yürütülen psikolojik danışma sürecinin çift lerde evlilik uyumu, duygusal bağlılık, evlilikte problem çözme ve benliğin ayrımlaşma düzeylerine etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Mevlana Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Young, J., Wiggings-Frame, M. ve Cashwell, C. (2007). Spirituality and counselor competence: A national survey of American Counseling Association members. Journal of Counseling and Development, 85, 47–52. Zinnbauer, B. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2013). Dindarlık ve maneviyat. (Çev. Sevde Düzgüner). R. F. Paloutzian & C. L. Park (Ed.). Din ve Maneviyat Psikolojisi (pp. 6–102). Ankara: Phoneix Yayınevi.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Özlem Acar Bulut This is me 0000-0002-3439-5907

Publication Date February 15, 2020
Submission Date November 16, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Acar Bulut, Ö. (2020). The Religious and Spiritual Dimensions of Bowen Family Therapy. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 5(1), 65-85.