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Examining the Moderator Role of Gender in the Association Between Self-Reflection and Spirituality

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 301 - 312, 15.10.2020

Abstract

Spirituality and religiosity are increasingly becoming a necessity for each individual in supporting the quality and well-being of life. Student involvement in self-reflection affects their spirituality / religiosity. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-reflection and spirituality/religiousness (S/R), which is moderated by gender. This research uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The study sample consisted of 124 students with a mean age of 19.4 years. The total sample was obtained from 98 women and 26 men. Sample selected from students majoring in Elementary School Teachers (PGSD) in various semesters with a purposive sampling method. Measuring instruments used are the Ironson-Wood Spirituality/religiousness Index (IWSRI) and The Self-Reflection and Insight Scale (SRIS). Data analysis using Process Macros. The results showed that there was a significant effect of self-reflection on spirituality/religiousness (B=0.669; p=0.000) and gender could not moderate the effect of self-reflection on spirituality/religiousness on students of Elementary School Teachers (PGSD) (B=-0.317; p=0.369). Based on research conducted, it can be concluded that self-reflection significantly influences spirituality/religiousness, and gender is not able to strengthen or weaken the effect of self-reflection on spirituality/religiousness; thus, gender cannot become a moderator between self-reflection and spirituality/religiousness.

References

  • Barkan, S. E. & Greenwood, S. F. (2008). Religious attendance and subjective well-being among older americans: Evidence from the general social survey. Journal Storage, 38(1), 3–17.
  • Bubnys, R. (2019). A journey of self-reflection in students’ perception of practice and roles in the profession. Journal of Sustainability, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010194
  • Counted, V., Possamai, A., & Meade, T. (2018). Relational spirituality and quality of life 2007 to 2017 : An integrative research review. Journal of Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1–18.
  • Creswell, John W. (2012). Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., … Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3
  • Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32(3), 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.06.006
  • Grant, A. M., Unit, C. P., Wales, S., Franklin, J., Langford, P., & Psychology, C. (2006). The self-reflection and insight scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behaviour & Personality, 30(8), 821–836.
  • Hayes, F. A. (2018). No Title Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis A Regression-Based Approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Helye, R., (2015). Learning through reflection: thecritical role of reflection inwork-based learning (WBL) www.emeraldinsight.com/2205-2062.htm. Department of Academic Enterprise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
  • Ironson, G. H., Lo, C. E., Cleirigh, C. O., & Costa, P. T. (2009). Five-factor model personality traits, spirituality/religiousness, and mental health among people living with HIV. Journal of Personality, 1411-1436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00587.x
  • Ironson, G., Ph, D., Solomon, G. F., & Med, A. B. (2002). The Ironson – Woods Spirituality / Religiousness Index Is Associated With Long Survival, Health Behaviors, Less Distress, and Low Cortisol in People With HIV / AIDS. The Society of Behavioral Medicine, 34–48.
  • Ivanovski, B., & Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neurophysiological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x
  • Johal, S. K., & Pooja, M. (2016). Relationship between mental health and psychological well being of prospective female teachers. IOSR Journal of Research & Method In Education, 6(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-06120106
  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health : The Research and Clinical Implications. International Scholarly Research Network, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lew, M. D. N., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Self-reflection and academic performance : is there a relationship ?. Adv In Health Sciences Education, 529–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-011-9298-z
  • Malatji, K. S., & Wadesango, N. (2017). Self-reflection as a Tool to Improve Teaching Practice : The Practice and the Timing of Self-reflection by Primary Schools Teachers in the Mankweng Circuit, Capricorn District. Journal of Social Sciences, 41(3), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2014.11893372
  • Park, C. L. (2016). Religiousness/Spirituality and Health: A meaning systems perspective. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9111-x
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Polisetty, A., Ph, D., & Sheela, P. (2017). Factors Influencing Spirituality. IOSR Journal of Business & Management, 19(9), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1909043842
  • Rassoulian. A., Seidman, Löffler-Stastka, H. (2016). Transcendence, religion and spirituality in medicine Observational Study.
  • Seifi, S., Ramyani, M. B., Faramarzi, M., & Sum, S. (2018). Personality traits are associated with spiritual intelligence in medical and dental students: a study in a medical sciences university in iran. Journal of Medicine Sciences, 38(4), 144-149. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci
  • Sood, S., Bakhshi, A., & Gupta, R. (2012). Relationship between personality traits, spiritual intelligence and well being in university students. Journal of Education & Practice, 3(10), 55–60.
  • Tan, C. (2016). Reflection for Spiritual Development in Adolescents. International Handbook For Spirituality, The Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9
  • Zarzycka, B., & Puchalska, M. M. (2019). Can Religious and Spiritual Struggle Enhance Well ‑ Being ? Exploring the Mediating Effects of Internal Dialogues. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-00755-w
  • Zimmer, Z.,Jangger, C., Chiu, C., Ofstedal, M., Rojo, F.(2016). Pupulation Health. journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ssmphUniversity of California, San Francisco, USA.

Öz-Yansıtma ve Maneviyat Arasındaki İlişkide Cinsiyetin Moderatörlük Rolünün İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 301 - 312, 15.10.2020

Abstract

References

  • Barkan, S. E. & Greenwood, S. F. (2008). Religious attendance and subjective well-being among older americans: Evidence from the general social survey. Journal Storage, 38(1), 3–17.
  • Bubnys, R. (2019). A journey of self-reflection in students’ perception of practice and roles in the profession. Journal of Sustainability, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010194
  • Counted, V., Possamai, A., & Meade, T. (2018). Relational spirituality and quality of life 2007 to 2017 : An integrative research review. Journal of Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 1–18.
  • Creswell, John W. (2012). Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkranz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S. F., … Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65(4), 564–570. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000077505.67574.E3
  • Froh, J. J., Yurkewicz, C., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences. Journal of Adolescence, 32(3), 633–650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.06.006
  • Grant, A. M., Unit, C. P., Wales, S., Franklin, J., Langford, P., & Psychology, C. (2006). The self-reflection and insight scale: A new measure of private self-consciousness. Social Behaviour & Personality, 30(8), 821–836.
  • Hayes, F. A. (2018). No Title Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis A Regression-Based Approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Helye, R., (2015). Learning through reflection: thecritical role of reflection inwork-based learning (WBL) www.emeraldinsight.com/2205-2062.htm. Department of Academic Enterprise, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
  • Ironson, G. H., Lo, C. E., Cleirigh, C. O., & Costa, P. T. (2009). Five-factor model personality traits, spirituality/religiousness, and mental health among people living with HIV. Journal of Personality, 1411-1436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00587.x
  • Ironson, G., Ph, D., Solomon, G. F., & Med, A. B. (2002). The Ironson – Woods Spirituality / Religiousness Index Is Associated With Long Survival, Health Behaviors, Less Distress, and Low Cortisol in People With HIV / AIDS. The Society of Behavioral Medicine, 34–48.
  • Ivanovski, B., & Malhi, G. S. (2007). The psychological and neurophysiological concomitants of mindfulness forms of meditation. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 19(2), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00175.x
  • Johal, S. K., & Pooja, M. (2016). Relationship between mental health and psychological well being of prospective female teachers. IOSR Journal of Research & Method In Education, 6(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-06120106
  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality, and health : The Research and Clinical Implications. International Scholarly Research Network, 1-33. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
  • Lew, M. D. N., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Self-reflection and academic performance : is there a relationship ?. Adv In Health Sciences Education, 529–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-011-9298-z
  • Malatji, K. S., & Wadesango, N. (2017). Self-reflection as a Tool to Improve Teaching Practice : The Practice and the Timing of Self-reflection by Primary Schools Teachers in the Mankweng Circuit, Capricorn District. Journal of Social Sciences, 41(3), 375-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2014.11893372
  • Park, C. L. (2016). Religiousness/Spirituality and Health: A meaning systems perspective. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-007-9111-x
  • Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Polisetty, A., Ph, D., & Sheela, P. (2017). Factors Influencing Spirituality. IOSR Journal of Business & Management, 19(9), 38–42. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1909043842
  • Rassoulian. A., Seidman, Löffler-Stastka, H. (2016). Transcendence, religion and spirituality in medicine Observational Study.
  • Seifi, S., Ramyani, M. B., Faramarzi, M., & Sum, S. (2018). Personality traits are associated with spiritual intelligence in medical and dental students: a study in a medical sciences university in iran. Journal of Medicine Sciences, 38(4), 144-149. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmedsci.jmedsci
  • Sood, S., Bakhshi, A., & Gupta, R. (2012). Relationship between personality traits, spiritual intelligence and well being in university students. Journal of Education & Practice, 3(10), 55–60.
  • Tan, C. (2016). Reflection for Spiritual Development in Adolescents. International Handbook For Spirituality, The Netherlands: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9018-9
  • Zarzycka, B., & Puchalska, M. M. (2019). Can Religious and Spiritual Struggle Enhance Well ‑ Being ? Exploring the Mediating Effects of Internal Dialogues. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-00755-w
  • Zimmer, Z.,Jangger, C., Chiu, C., Ofstedal, M., Rojo, F.(2016). Pupulation Health. journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ssmphUniversity of California, San Francisco, USA.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hennira Rohyatin This is me 0000-0002-9136-3223

Merlyn Ika R.p. This is me 0000-0002-5753-3014

Latipun Latıpun This is me 0000-0003-0348-8585

Iswinarti Iswınartı This is me 0000-0002-7853-5772

Publication Date October 15, 2020
Submission Date May 8, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Rohyatin, H., Ika R.p., M., Latıpun, L., Iswınartı, I. (2020). Examining the Moderator Role of Gender in the Association Between Self-Reflection and Spirituality. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 5(3), 301-312.