Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Understanding Religion As a Phenomenon in Workplace Sprituality: A Durkheimian Approach

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 27 - 41, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2021.6.2.134

Abstract

In this study, Durkheim’s structural functionalism and his approach to religion and social solidarity will be used to gain an in-depth understanding of the workplace spirituality approach in management literature. In this context, workplace spirituality is defined as the inner lives of employees fueled by meaningful work that is realized in the context of a community. The concept of organizational spirituality, the ultimate aim of building strong connections within an individual’s life and between his or her work colleagues, is defined by efforts to comply with specific beliefs and values in the workplace. In fact, it is more clearly understood as the strong relationships that employees will develop with each other, their jobs, and workplacep. As well as the views of famous structural-functionalist Durkheim on society and religion, the common approaches that can illuminate the possible impact of these views on workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership theories will be discussed in detail. Later, the position and function of religion in both Durkheimian and workplace spirituality approaches will be explained. Therefore, this study is important in giving a theoretical understanding of the importance of spiritual literature and its holistic viewpoint that overlaps with Durkheims views on religion.

References

  • Abbas, A. A., & Shyaa, H. H. (2019). The Role of the Spiritual Leadership in Increasing the Perceived Organizational Support and its Reflection on Decreasing the Organizational Silence by Computer Sciencep. TEST Engineering & Management, 81, 3687-3714.
  • Adair, S. (2008). Status and solidarity: A reformulation of early Durkheimian theory. Sociological Enquiry. 78(1), 97–120.
  • Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. P. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior, The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79-88.
  • Ali, M., Aziz, P., Pham, T. N., Babalola, M. T., & Usman, M. (2020). A positive human health perspective on how spiritual leadership weaves its influence on employee safety performance, p. The role of harmonious safety passion. Safety science, 131, 104923.
  • Ashmos, D.P., & Duchon, D. (2000) Spirituality at Work, p. A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9 (2), 134-145.
  • Bauman, Z. (2005). Durkheim’s society revisited. The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim, 360-382.
  • Baykal, E. (2019a). Person Organization Fit, p. Spiritual Way To Boost Performance. Asya Studies, 3(9), 31-43.
  • Baykal, E. (2019b). Participation Banks, p. A Suitable Environment For Workplace Spirituality. Mevzu–Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (2), 43-63.
  • Baykal, E. (2019c). Spiritual Leadership in Collectivist Cultures: Turkey Example. In Science and Spirituality for a Sustainable World: Emerging Research and Opportunities (pp. 44-69). IGI Global.
  • Baykal, E. (2020). Mindfulness and Mindful Coaching. In Handbook of Research on Positive Organizational Behavior for Improved Workplace Performance (pp. 72-85). IGI Global.
  • Baykal, E., & Zehir, C. (2018). Mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between spiritual leadership and performance. Ekonomika a management,11(3), 124-140.
  • Bellah, R. N. (2005). Durkheim and ritual. The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim, 183-210.
  • Bowler, T. D. (1981). General systems thinking, p. Its scope and applicability (Vol. 4). North Holland.
  • Chen, C. Y., & Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, p. A multi-sample analysip. Journal of business ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
  • Chilcott, J. H. (1998). Structural functionalism as a heuristic device. Anthropology & education quarterly, 29(1), 103-111.
  • Churchman, C. W. (1971). The design of inquiring systems basic concepts of systems and organization. Dinçer, H., Baykal, E., & Yüksel, P. (2020). Analysis of spiritual leadership and ethical climate for banking industry using an integrated IT2 fuzzy decision-making model. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, (Preprint), 1-13.
  • Donaldson, L. (2008). Ethics problems and problems with ethics, p. Toward a pro-management theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(3), 299-311.
  • Durkheim, E. (1915). The elementary forms of the religious life, tranp. Joseph Ward Swain (New York, 1915). See also Edward Shils, Center and Periphery, p. Essays in Macrosociology (Chicago, 1975).
  • Durkheim, E. (1953). Value judgments and judgments of reality. Sociology and philosophy, 80-97.
  • Durkheim, E. (1974). Individual and collective representationp. Sociology and philosophy, 1-34.
  • Durkheim, E. (1997). The division of labor in society (W. D. Halls, Tranp.). New York, p. The Free Presp. Durkheim, E., Herkommer, P., Herkommer, H., Dörner, K., & König, R. (1973). Der selbstmord. Neuwied, p. Luchterhand.
  • Durkheim, E. (1965). The elementary forms of religious life. London, Tavistock Publications.
  • Fairholm, G. W. (1998). Leadership as an exercise in virtual reality. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
  • Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
  • Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, P. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence, p. a study of Baldrige award recipientp. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(1), 22-47.
  • Fry, L.W., & Slocum, J. (2008). Maximizing the triple bottom line through a strategic scorecard business model of spiritual leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31 (1), 86–96. Garg, N., Punia, B. K., & Jain, A. (2019). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction, p. exploring mediating effect of organization citizenship behaviour. Vision, 23(3), 287-296.
  • Fry, L. W., Matherly, L. L., & Ouimet, J. R. (2010). The spiritual leadership balanced scorecard business model, p. The case of the Cordon Bleu‐Tomasso Corporation. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 7(4), 283-314.
  • Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Edp.). (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Me Sharpe.Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Edp.). (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Me Sharpe.
  • Gofman, A. (2019). Tradition, Morality and Solidarity in Durkheim's Theory. Sosyoloji Dergisi/Journal of Sociology, 39(1), 25-39.
  • Gorski, P. P. (2017). Recovered goods, p. Durkheimian sociology as virtue ethicp. In Varieties of Virtue Ethics (pp. 181-198). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gupta, M.; Kumar, V.; & Singh, M. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality, p. A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122 (1), 79-88.
  • Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Chang, H. P. and Li, J. J. (2019). Workplace spirituality as a mediator between ethical climate and workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102372.
  • Heinämäki, E. (2009). Politics of the Sacred, p. Eliade, Bataille and the fascination of fascism. Distinktion, p. Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 10(2), 59-80.
  • Jeon, K. P., Passmore, D. L., Lee, C., & Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership, p. A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342-357.
  • Johnson, P., Brookes, M., Wood, G., & Brewster, C. (2017). Legal origin and social solidarity, p. the continued relevance of Durkheim to comparative institutional analysip. Sociology, 51(3), 646-665.
  • Jones, R. A. (2003). Emile Durkheim. The Blackwell companion to major classical social theorists, 193.
  • Kriger, M., & Seng, Y. (2005). Leadership with inner meaning, p. A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religionp. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 771-806.
  • Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2003). The leadership practices inventory (LPI), in Participant's workbook (Vol. 47). John Wiley & Sonp.
  • Mabey, C. (2013). Leadership development in organizations, p. Multiple discourses and diverse practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), 359-380. Marques, J. (2008). Spirituality at work: Internal growth with potential external challenges. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 31(3), 24.
  • Marques, J., Dhimand, P., & King, R. (2005). Spirituality in the workplace, p. developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. The journal of American academy of business, 7(1), 81-92.
  • Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes, p. An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of organizational change management, 16(4), 426-447.
  • Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan management review, 40(4), 83-84. Narcıkara, E. (2017). Spiritüel liderlik davranışının algılanan performans üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Narcıkara, E. B. (2018). Spiritüelite (Ruhsallık) ve iş ortamında anlam arayışı. Alanya Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 2(1), 11. Narcıkara, E. B., & Zehir, C. (2016). Effect of Organizational Support in the Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Performance., International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 6(12), 29-42.
  • Olaveson, T. (2001). Collective effervescence and communitas, p. Processual models of ritual and society in Emile Durkheim and Victor Turner. Dialectical Anthropology, 26(2), 89-124.
  • Pace, E. (2017). Systems theory and religion. Civitas-Revista de Ciências Sociais, 17(2), 345-359. Parsons, Talcott. Social system. New York, Routledge, 1979.
  • Pawar, B.P. (2016), "Workplace spirituality and employee well-being, p. an empirical examination", Employee Relations, Vol. 38 No. 6, pp. 975-994. https, p. //doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2015-0215
  • Pfeffer, J. (2003). Business and the spirit. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Edp.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 29–45). New York, p. M. E. Sharp.
  • Pio, R. J., & Tampi, J. R. E. (2018). The influence of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Law and Management. 60(2), 757-767.
  • Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectivenesp. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 655-687.
  • Salehzadeh, R., Pool, J. K., Lashaki, J. K., Dolati, H., & Jamkhaneh, H. B. (2015). Studying the effect of spiritual leadership on organizational Performance: An empirical study in hotel industry. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(3), 346-359.
  • Smith, P., & Alexander, J. C. (2005). Introduction, p. the new Durkheim. The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim, 1-37.
  • Stark, R., Doyle, D. P., & Rushing, J. L. (1983). Beyond Durkheim, p. religion and suicide. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 120-131.
  • Supriyanto, A., Ekowati, V., & Maghfuroh, U. (2020). Do organizational citizenship behavior and work satisfaction mediate the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee performance? Management Science Letters, 10(5), 1107-1114.
  • Sweeney, P. J., & Fry, L. W. (2012). Character development through spiritual leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal, p. Practice and Research, 64(2), 89.
  • Tacey, D. J. (2004). The spirituality revolution, p. The emergence of contemporary spirituality. Psychology Press. Tole, L. A. (1993). Durkheim on religion and moral community in modernity. Sociological inquiry, 63(1), 1-29.
  • Tsui, K. T., Lee, J. C. K., Zhang, Z., & Wong, P. H. (2019). The Relationship Between Teachers’ Perceived Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Commitment, A Multilevel Analysis in The Hong Kong Context. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 8(3), 55-72.
  • Usman, A., & Danish, R. Q. (2010). Spiritual consciousness in banking managers and its impact on job satisfaction. International Business Research, 3(2), 65.
  • Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burnout. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324.
  • Yusof, J. M. (2011). Spiritual leadership and job satisfaction, p. A proposed conceptual framework. Information Management and Business Review, 2(6), 239-245.
Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 27 - 41, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2021.6.2.134

Abstract

References

  • Abbas, A. A., & Shyaa, H. H. (2019). The Role of the Spiritual Leadership in Increasing the Perceived Organizational Support and its Reflection on Decreasing the Organizational Silence by Computer Sciencep. TEST Engineering & Management, 81, 3687-3714.
  • Adair, S. (2008). Status and solidarity: A reformulation of early Durkheimian theory. Sociological Enquiry. 78(1), 97–120.
  • Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. P. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior, The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79-88.
  • Ali, M., Aziz, P., Pham, T. N., Babalola, M. T., & Usman, M. (2020). A positive human health perspective on how spiritual leadership weaves its influence on employee safety performance, p. The role of harmonious safety passion. Safety science, 131, 104923.
  • Ashmos, D.P., & Duchon, D. (2000) Spirituality at Work, p. A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9 (2), 134-145.
  • Bauman, Z. (2005). Durkheim’s society revisited. The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim, 360-382.
  • Baykal, E. (2019a). Person Organization Fit, p. Spiritual Way To Boost Performance. Asya Studies, 3(9), 31-43.
  • Baykal, E. (2019b). Participation Banks, p. A Suitable Environment For Workplace Spirituality. Mevzu–Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (2), 43-63.
  • Baykal, E. (2019c). Spiritual Leadership in Collectivist Cultures: Turkey Example. In Science and Spirituality for a Sustainable World: Emerging Research and Opportunities (pp. 44-69). IGI Global.
  • Baykal, E. (2020). Mindfulness and Mindful Coaching. In Handbook of Research on Positive Organizational Behavior for Improved Workplace Performance (pp. 72-85). IGI Global.
  • Baykal, E., & Zehir, C. (2018). Mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between spiritual leadership and performance. Ekonomika a management,11(3), 124-140.
  • Bellah, R. N. (2005). Durkheim and ritual. The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim, 183-210.
  • Bowler, T. D. (1981). General systems thinking, p. Its scope and applicability (Vol. 4). North Holland.
  • Chen, C. Y., & Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior, p. A multi-sample analysip. Journal of business ethics, 105(1), 107-114.
  • Chilcott, J. H. (1998). Structural functionalism as a heuristic device. Anthropology & education quarterly, 29(1), 103-111.
  • Churchman, C. W. (1971). The design of inquiring systems basic concepts of systems and organization. Dinçer, H., Baykal, E., & Yüksel, P. (2020). Analysis of spiritual leadership and ethical climate for banking industry using an integrated IT2 fuzzy decision-making model. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, (Preprint), 1-13.
  • Donaldson, L. (2008). Ethics problems and problems with ethics, p. Toward a pro-management theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 78(3), 299-311.
  • Durkheim, E. (1915). The elementary forms of the religious life, tranp. Joseph Ward Swain (New York, 1915). See also Edward Shils, Center and Periphery, p. Essays in Macrosociology (Chicago, 1975).
  • Durkheim, E. (1953). Value judgments and judgments of reality. Sociology and philosophy, 80-97.
  • Durkheim, E. (1974). Individual and collective representationp. Sociology and philosophy, 1-34.
  • Durkheim, E. (1997). The division of labor in society (W. D. Halls, Tranp.). New York, p. The Free Presp. Durkheim, E., Herkommer, P., Herkommer, H., Dörner, K., & König, R. (1973). Der selbstmord. Neuwied, p. Luchterhand.
  • Durkheim, E. (1965). The elementary forms of religious life. London, Tavistock Publications.
  • Fairholm, G. W. (1998). Leadership as an exercise in virtual reality. Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
  • Fry, L. W. (2003). Toward a theory of spiritual leadership. The leadership quarterly, 14(6), 693-727.
  • Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, P. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence, p. a study of Baldrige award recipientp. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 14(1), 22-47.
  • Fry, L.W., & Slocum, J. (2008). Maximizing the triple bottom line through a strategic scorecard business model of spiritual leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31 (1), 86–96. Garg, N., Punia, B. K., & Jain, A. (2019). Workplace spirituality and job satisfaction, p. exploring mediating effect of organization citizenship behaviour. Vision, 23(3), 287-296.
  • Fry, L. W., Matherly, L. L., & Ouimet, J. R. (2010). The spiritual leadership balanced scorecard business model, p. The case of the Cordon Bleu‐Tomasso Corporation. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 7(4), 283-314.
  • Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Edp.). (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Me Sharpe.Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (Edp.). (2003). Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance. Me Sharpe.
  • Gofman, A. (2019). Tradition, Morality and Solidarity in Durkheim's Theory. Sosyoloji Dergisi/Journal of Sociology, 39(1), 25-39.
  • Gorski, P. P. (2017). Recovered goods, p. Durkheimian sociology as virtue ethicp. In Varieties of Virtue Ethics (pp. 181-198). Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gupta, M.; Kumar, V.; & Singh, M. (2014). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality, p. A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122 (1), 79-88.
  • Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Chang, H. P. and Li, J. J. (2019). Workplace spirituality as a mediator between ethical climate and workplace deviant behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102372.
  • Heinämäki, E. (2009). Politics of the Sacred, p. Eliade, Bataille and the fascination of fascism. Distinktion, p. Scandinavian Journal of Social Theory, 10(2), 59-80.
  • Jeon, K. P., Passmore, D. L., Lee, C., & Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership, p. A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342-357.
  • Johnson, P., Brookes, M., Wood, G., & Brewster, C. (2017). Legal origin and social solidarity, p. the continued relevance of Durkheim to comparative institutional analysip. Sociology, 51(3), 646-665.
  • Jones, R. A. (2003). Emile Durkheim. The Blackwell companion to major classical social theorists, 193.
  • Kriger, M., & Seng, Y. (2005). Leadership with inner meaning, p. A contingency theory of leadership based on the worldviews of five religionp. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 771-806.
  • Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2003). The leadership practices inventory (LPI), in Participant's workbook (Vol. 47). John Wiley & Sonp.
  • Mabey, C. (2013). Leadership development in organizations, p. Multiple discourses and diverse practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(4), 359-380. Marques, J. (2008). Spirituality at work: Internal growth with potential external challenges. The Journal for Quality and Participation, 31(3), 24.
  • Marques, J., Dhimand, P., & King, R. (2005). Spirituality in the workplace, p. developing an integral model and a comprehensive definition. The journal of American academy of business, 7(1), 81-92.
  • Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes, p. An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of organizational change management, 16(4), 426-447.
  • Mitroff, I. I., & Denton, E. A. (1999). A study of spirituality in the workplace. Sloan management review, 40(4), 83-84. Narcıkara, E. (2017). Spiritüel liderlik davranışının algılanan performans üzerine etkisi. Yayınlanmış Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Narcıkara, E. B. (2018). Spiritüelite (Ruhsallık) ve iş ortamında anlam arayışı. Alanya Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 2(1), 11. Narcıkara, E. B., & Zehir, C. (2016). Effect of Organizational Support in the Relationship between Spiritual Leadership and Performance., International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 6(12), 29-42.
  • Olaveson, T. (2001). Collective effervescence and communitas, p. Processual models of ritual and society in Emile Durkheim and Victor Turner. Dialectical Anthropology, 26(2), 89-124.
  • Pace, E. (2017). Systems theory and religion. Civitas-Revista de Ciências Sociais, 17(2), 345-359. Parsons, Talcott. Social system. New York, Routledge, 1979.
  • Pawar, B.P. (2016), "Workplace spirituality and employee well-being, p. an empirical examination", Employee Relations, Vol. 38 No. 6, pp. 975-994. https, p. //doi.org/10.1108/ER-11-2015-0215
  • Pfeffer, J. (2003). Business and the spirit. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Edp.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 29–45). New York, p. M. E. Sharp.
  • Pio, R. J., & Tampi, J. R. E. (2018). The influence of spiritual leadership on quality of work life, job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Law and Management. 60(2), 757-767.
  • Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectivenesp. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 655-687.
  • Salehzadeh, R., Pool, J. K., Lashaki, J. K., Dolati, H., & Jamkhaneh, H. B. (2015). Studying the effect of spiritual leadership on organizational Performance: An empirical study in hotel industry. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(3), 346-359.
  • Smith, P., & Alexander, J. C. (2005). Introduction, p. the new Durkheim. The Cambridge Companion to Durkheim, 1-37.
  • Stark, R., Doyle, D. P., & Rushing, J. L. (1983). Beyond Durkheim, p. religion and suicide. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 120-131.
  • Supriyanto, A., Ekowati, V., & Maghfuroh, U. (2020). Do organizational citizenship behavior and work satisfaction mediate the relationship between spiritual leadership and employee performance? Management Science Letters, 10(5), 1107-1114.
  • Sweeney, P. J., & Fry, L. W. (2012). Character development through spiritual leadership. Consulting Psychology Journal, p. Practice and Research, 64(2), 89.
  • Tacey, D. J. (2004). The spirituality revolution, p. The emergence of contemporary spirituality. Psychology Press. Tole, L. A. (1993). Durkheim on religion and moral community in modernity. Sociological inquiry, 63(1), 1-29.
  • Tsui, K. T., Lee, J. C. K., Zhang, Z., & Wong, P. H. (2019). The Relationship Between Teachers’ Perceived Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Commitment, A Multilevel Analysis in The Hong Kong Context. Asian Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 8(3), 55-72.
  • Usman, A., & Danish, R. Q. (2010). Spiritual consciousness in banking managers and its impact on job satisfaction. International Business Research, 3(2), 65.
  • Yang, M., & Fry, L. W. (2018). The role of spiritual leadership in reducing healthcare worker burnout. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 15(4), 305-324.
  • Yusof, J. M. (2011). Spiritual leadership and job satisfaction, p. A proposed conceptual framework. Information Management and Business Review, 2(6), 239-245.
There are 59 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Elif Baykal This is me 0000-0002-4966-8074

Publication Date June 15, 2021
Submission Date March 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Baykal, E. (2021). Understanding Religion As a Phenomenon in Workplace Sprituality: A Durkheimian Approach. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 6(2), 27-41. https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2021.6.2.134