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The Relationship between Spiritual Well-Being and Fear of COVID-19 in Individuals with Chronic Disease during COVID-19 Outbreak

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 37 - 53, 15.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2022.7.1.159

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine the relationship between the spiritual well-being levels of individuals with chronic diseases and their fear levels of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was designed and conducted as cross-sectional and correlational research. The research was conducted with 323 individuals with chronic diseases living in Iğdır city located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey between the dates 05th of June of 22nd of June of 2020. Data were collected using a personal information form, Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp), and Coronavirus Fear Scale (C19P-S). Mean, percentile distributions, and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used to analyze the data. It was determined that total score average of the participants on the FACIT-Sp was 28.94±5.61, and it was 59.43±16.71 for the C19P-S. It was determined that individuals’ spiritual well-being and fear of COVID-19 mean scores were moderate, while meaning, peace, and faith sub-dimension domains were above the moderate level. In addition, it was indicated that the psychological and social fear levels of were above the average, and their somatic and economic fear levels were below the average. A negative significant relationship was found between the levels of meaning, faith and peace in the spirituality sub-dimensions of individuals with chronic diseases and the fear of coronavirus. It was observed that as individuals’ spirituality increased, their fear of coronavirus decreased. It was recommended to provide telephone consultation service to individuals with chronic diseases during the pandemic to reduce their fear levels and inform them using mass communication methods.

References

  • Aktürk, Ü., Erci, B., & Araz, M. (2017). Functional evaluation of treatment of chronic disease: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Palliative & Supportive Care, 15(6), 684. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951517000013
  • Arpaci, I., Karataş, K., & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences,164:110108.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108.
  • Arslan, H., & Konuk Şener, D. (2009). Stigma, spiritüalite ve konfor kavramlarının Meleis’ in kavram geliştirme sürecine göre irdelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(1), 51-58.
  • Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., Tanhan, A., Buluş, M., & Allen, K. A. (2021). Coronavirus stress, optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological health: Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2423-2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6
  • Alacahan, S., Kuş, C., & Gümüştakım, R. Ş. (2021). Kronik Hastalığı Olan Erişkinlerin Covid-19 Korkuları. 10. International Trakya Family Medicine Congress Proceedings Book, p.p.154.
  • Altundağ, Y. (2021). Erken Dönem Covid-19 Pandemisinde Covid-19 Korkusu ve Psikolojik Dayaniklilik.Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 85.
  • Balboni, T. A., Paulk, M. E., Balboni, M. J., Phelps, A. C., Loggers, E. T., Wright, A. A. & Prigerson, H. G. (2010). Provision of spiritual care to patients with advanced cancer: associations with medical care and quality of life near death. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28(3), 445. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.24.8005
  • Baykal, E. (2020). Boosting Resilience through Spiritual Well-being: COVID-19 Example. Bussecon Review of Social Sciences, (2687-2285), 2(4), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.36096/brss.v2i4.224.
  • Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research,289;113100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100.
  • Baldacchino, D. R. (2006). Nursing competencies for spiritual care. Journal of clinical nursing, 15(7), 885-896. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01643.x.
  • Balboni, M. J., Sullivan, A., Amobi, A., Phelps, A. C., Gorman, D. P., Zollfrank, A.& Balboni, T. A. (2013). Why is spiritual care infrequent at the end of life? Spiritual care perceptions among patients, nurses, and physicians and the role of training. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(4), 461. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.6443.
  • Boscaglia, N., Clarke, D. M., Jobling, T. W., & Quinn, M. A. (2005). The contribution of spirituality and spiritual coping to anxiety and depression in women with a recent diagnosis of gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 15 (5), 755-761.http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200509000-00007.
  • Bostan, S., Erdem, R., Öztürk, Y. E., Kılıç, T., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish society.Electron J Gen Med, 17(6), 237. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7944.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. and Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet,395(14),912-920. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • Büssing, A., Hübner, J., Walter, S., Gießler, W., & Büntzel, J. (2020). Tumor Patients´ Perceived Changes of Specific Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behaviors Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relation to Reduced Wellbeing. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11.doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574314.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). National center for immunization and respiratory diseases, division of viral diseases. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Are you at higher risk for severe illness? https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html.
  • Ceyhan, Y., & Ünsal, A. (2018). Farklı kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin öz-etkililik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 11(4), 263-273. Chatrung, C., Sorajjakool, S., & Amnatsatsue, K. (2015). Wellness and religious coping among Thai individuals living with chronic kidney disease in Southern California. Journal of religion and health, 54(6), 2198-2211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9958-4
  • Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., & Li, F. (2020). Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. Journal of Sport andHealth Science, 9(2), 103. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jshs.2020.02.001
  • Choumanova, I., Wanat, S., Barrett, R., & Koopman, C. (2006). Religion and spirituality in coping with breast cancer: perspectives of Chilean women. The Breast Journal, 12(4), 349-352.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00274.x.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative, andmixedmethodsapproaches. New York: Sage.
  • Culliford, L. (2002). Spirituality and clinical care. BMJ, 325, 1434-1435.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1434.
  • Çelik, F., & Edipoglu, I. S. (2018). Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and fear of anesthesia using APAIS score. European journal of medical research, 23(1), 41.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-018-0339-4.

COVID-19 Salgın Sürecinde Kronik Hastalığı Olan Bireylerde Manevi İyi Oluş ile COVID-19 Korkusu Arasındaki İlişki

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 37 - 53, 15.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2022.7.1.159

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin manevi iyi oluş düzeyleri ile COVID-19 korku düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde yapıldı. Araştırma 05-27.06.2021 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yer alan bir şehirde yaşayan kronik hastalığı olan 323 birey ile yürütüldü. Veriler kişisel bilgi formu, Manevi İyi Oluş Ölçeği (FACIT-Sp) ve Koronavirüs Korku Ölçeği (C19P-S) kullanılarak toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; ortalama, yüzdelik dağılımlar ve Pearson Korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı. Katılımcıların manevi iyi oluş ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının 28.94±5.61, koronavirüs korku ölçeği puan ortalamasının 59.43±16.71 olduğu belirlendi. Bireylerin manevi iyi oluş ile COVID-19 korku puan ortalamalarının orta seviyede olduğu, anlam, barış ve inanç alt boyut puan ortalamalarının ise, orta seviyenin üstünde olduğu belirlendi. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin psikolojik ve sosyal korku düzeyleri ortalamanın üstünde, somatik ve ekonomik korku düzeyleri ortalamanın altında olduğu saptandı. Kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin maneviyat alt boyutlarında yer alan anlam, inanç ve barış düzeyleri ile koronavirüs korku düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulundu. Bireylerin maneviyatları arttıkça koronavirüs korku düzeylerinin azaldığı görüldü. Pandemi döneminde kronik hastalıkları olan bireylere korku düzeylerini azaltmada kitle iletişim yöntemleriyle bilgilendirme ile telefonla danışmanlık hizmeti verilmesi önerilebilir.

References

  • Aktürk, Ü., Erci, B., & Araz, M. (2017). Functional evaluation of treatment of chronic disease: Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. Palliative & Supportive Care, 15(6), 684. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951517000013
  • Arpaci, I., Karataş, K., & Baloğlu, M. (2020). The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S). Personality and Individual Differences,164:110108.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110108.
  • Arslan, H., & Konuk Şener, D. (2009). Stigma, spiritüalite ve konfor kavramlarının Meleis’ in kavram geliştirme sürecine göre irdelenmesi. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 2(1), 51-58.
  • Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., Tanhan, A., Buluş, M., & Allen, K. A. (2021). Coronavirus stress, optimism-pessimism, psychological inflexibility, and psychological health: Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2423-2439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00337-6
  • Alacahan, S., Kuş, C., & Gümüştakım, R. Ş. (2021). Kronik Hastalığı Olan Erişkinlerin Covid-19 Korkuları. 10. International Trakya Family Medicine Congress Proceedings Book, p.p.154.
  • Altundağ, Y. (2021). Erken Dönem Covid-19 Pandemisinde Covid-19 Korkusu ve Psikolojik Dayaniklilik.Ekev Akademi Dergisi, 85.
  • Balboni, T. A., Paulk, M. E., Balboni, M. J., Phelps, A. C., Loggers, E. T., Wright, A. A. & Prigerson, H. G. (2010). Provision of spiritual care to patients with advanced cancer: associations with medical care and quality of life near death. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 28(3), 445. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.24.8005
  • Baykal, E. (2020). Boosting Resilience through Spiritual Well-being: COVID-19 Example. Bussecon Review of Social Sciences, (2687-2285), 2(4), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.36096/brss.v2i4.224.
  • Bitan, D. T., Grossman-Giron, A., Bloch, Y., Mayer, Y., Shiffman, N., & Mendlovic, S. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 scale: Psychometric characteristics, reliability and validity in the Israeli population. Psychiatry Research,289;113100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113100.
  • Baldacchino, D. R. (2006). Nursing competencies for spiritual care. Journal of clinical nursing, 15(7), 885-896. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01643.x.
  • Balboni, M. J., Sullivan, A., Amobi, A., Phelps, A. C., Gorman, D. P., Zollfrank, A.& Balboni, T. A. (2013). Why is spiritual care infrequent at the end of life? Spiritual care perceptions among patients, nurses, and physicians and the role of training. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(4), 461. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2012.44.6443.
  • Boscaglia, N., Clarke, D. M., Jobling, T. W., & Quinn, M. A. (2005). The contribution of spirituality and spiritual coping to anxiety and depression in women with a recent diagnosis of gynecological cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer, 15 (5), 755-761.http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200509000-00007.
  • Bostan, S., Erdem, R., Öztürk, Y. E., Kılıç, T., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish society.Electron J Gen Med, 17(6), 237. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7944.
  • Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N. and Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet,395(14),912-920. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • Büssing, A., Hübner, J., Walter, S., Gießler, W., & Büntzel, J. (2020). Tumor Patients´ Perceived Changes of Specific Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behaviors Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relation to Reduced Wellbeing. Frontiers in psychiatry, 11.doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574314.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). National center for immunization and respiratory diseases, division of viral diseases. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Are you at higher risk for severe illness? https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html.
  • Ceyhan, Y., & Ünsal, A. (2018). Farklı kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin öz-etkililik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 11(4), 263-273. Chatrung, C., Sorajjakool, S., & Amnatsatsue, K. (2015). Wellness and religious coping among Thai individuals living with chronic kidney disease in Southern California. Journal of religion and health, 54(6), 2198-2211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9958-4
  • Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., & Li, F. (2020). Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. Journal of Sport andHealth Science, 9(2), 103. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jshs.2020.02.001
  • Choumanova, I., Wanat, S., Barrett, R., & Koopman, C. (2006). Religion and spirituality in coping with breast cancer: perspectives of Chilean women. The Breast Journal, 12(4), 349-352.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1075-122X.2006.00274.x.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, quantitative, andmixedmethodsapproaches. New York: Sage.
  • Culliford, L. (2002). Spirituality and clinical care. BMJ, 325, 1434-1435.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.325.7378.1434.
  • Çelik, F., & Edipoglu, I. S. (2018). Evaluation of preoperative anxiety and fear of anesthesia using APAIS score. European journal of medical research, 23(1), 41.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-018-0339-4.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Durmuş This is me 0000-0002-7559-4187

Erkan Durar This is me 0000-0003-1793-0522

Publication Date February 15, 2022
Submission Date November 24, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Durmuş, M., & Durar, E. (2022). The Relationship between Spiritual Well-Being and Fear of COVID-19 in Individuals with Chronic Disease during COVID-19 Outbreak. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 7(1), 37-53. https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2022.7.1.159