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A Review of the Relationship Between Individual Psychology and Spirituality

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 221 - 244, 15.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2022.7.2.178

Abstract

Individual psychology is a theory developed by Alfred Adler that significantly contributed to the psychology literature both in theory and practice. Spirituality, on the other hand, is an area that cannot be ignored in human life. This article reviews the perspective of individual psychology on spirituality, its relationship with spirituality, how it makes spiritual assessments, and how it can be used with clients with a spiritual/ religious orientation. The review considers both Adler’s own texts and articles by later researchers who adopted his theoretical orientation. Individual psychology evaluates each individual by considering their own phenomenological field. It therefore does not ignore clients’ spiritual/religious dimensions in the counseling process and accepts that spirituality has an important place in the life of individuals. Given that spirituality has a structure that supports well-being, hope, and insight while providing an important coping mechanism, Adler’s inclusion of spirituality in his theory is clearly important. The case examples included in the article also support this and reveal in general terms how individual psychology handles and assesses spirituality during counseling.

References

  • Abu-Rayya, M. H., & Abu-Rayya, H. M. (2009). Ethnic identification, religious identity, and psychological well-being among Muslim and Christian Palestinians in Israel. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802387330
  • Adler, A. (2001). Yaşama sanatı (K. Şipal, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Adler, A. (2009). Sosyal duygunun gelişiminde bireysel psikoloji (H. Özgü, Çev.). Hayat Yayınları.
  • Adler, A. (2012). Yaşamın anlam ve amacı (K. Şipal, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Alizadeh, H. (2012). Individual psychology and Islam: An exploration of social interest. Journal of Individual Psychology, 68(3).
  • Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York Basic Books.
  • Craig, S. (2006). Exploration of Adolescent and Adult Spirituality Through Early Memories: An Adlerian Psychological Perspective. In K. B. Helmeke, C. F. Sori (Ed.), The therapist's notebook for integrating spirituality in counseling II (pp. 27-35). Taylor and Francis.
  • Davis, R. F., & Kiang, L. (2016). Religious identity, religious participation, and psychological well-being in Asian American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(3), 532-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0350-9
  • Delgado, C. (2005). A discussion of the concept of spirituality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(2), 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0894318405274828
  • Duba Sauerheber, J., & Bitter, J. R. (2013). An adlerian approach in premarital counseling with religious couples. Journal of Individual Psychology, 69(4), 305-327.
  • Giordano, A. L., Prosek, E. A., & Lankford, C. T. (2014). Predicting empathy: The role of religion and spirituality. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 41(2), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/15566382.2014.12033938
  • Gladding, S. T. (2022). Theories of counseling. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Greenway, K. A. (2006). The role of spirituality in purpose in life and academic engagement. Journal of College and Character, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1212
  • Hadislerle İslam (2013). Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Hintikka, J., Koskela, K., Kontula, O., & Viinamaki, H. (2000). Gender differences in associations between religious attendance and mental health in Finland. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(11), 772-776. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200011000-00008
  • Horozcu, Ü. (2010). Tecrübî araştırmalar ışığında dindarlık ve maneviyat ile ruhsal ve bedensel sağlık arasındaki ilişki. Milel ve Nihal, 7(1), 209-240.
  • Huber, J. T., & MacDonald, D. A. (2012). An investigation of the relations between altruism, empathy, and spirituality. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 52(2), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022167811399442
  • Johansen, T. A. (2009). Religion and spirituality in psychotherapy: An individual psychology perspective. Springer.
  • Johansen, T. M. (2005). Applying individual psychology to work with clients of the Islamic faith. Journal of Individual Psychology, 61(2).
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2022). The relationship among spirituality, self-efficacy, covid-19 anxiety, and hopelessness during the covid-19 process in Turkey: A Path Analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01472-7
  • Keyes, C. L., & Reitzes, D. C. (2007). The role of religious identity in the mental health of older working and retired adults. Aging and Mental Health, 11(4), 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860601086371
  • Kim, E. S., Chen, Y., Nakamura, J. S., Ryff, C. D., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2022). Sense of purpose in life and subsequent physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health: an outcome-wide approach. American Journal of Health Promotion, 36(1), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F08901171211038545
  • Kim, E. S., Shiba, K., Boehm, J. K., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2020). Sense of purpose in life and five health behaviors in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 139, 106172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106172
  • Kimball, C. N., Boyatzis, C. J., Cook, K. V., Leonard, K. C., & Flanagan, K. S. (2013). Attachment to God: A qualitative exploration of emerging adults' spiritual relationship with God. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 41(3), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F009164711304100301
  • Koohsar, A. A. H., & Bonab, B. G. (2011). Relation between quality of image of God and mental health in college students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.233
  • Kur’an-ı Kerim Meali. (çev. H. Altuntaş ve M. Şahin). (12. Baskı, 2011). Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Leman, J., Hunter III, W., Fergus, T., & Rowatt, W. (2018). Secure attachment to God uniquely linked to psychological health in a national, random sample of American adults. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 28(3), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2018.1477401
  • Linden, G. W. (2020). The fourth and fifth life tasks as existential challenges. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 76(1), 59-69.
  • Mosak, H. H., & Dreikurs, R. (1967). The life tasks: III. The fifth life task. Individual Psychology, 5(1), 16-22.

Bireysel Psikoloji’nin Maneviyatla İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 221 - 244, 15.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2022.7.2.178

Abstract

Bireysel psikoloji, Alfred Adler tarafından geliştirilmiş ve psikoloji literatürüne hem teorik hem de pratik olarak önemli katkılar sağlamış bir teoridir. Maneviyat ise insan hayatında göz ardı edilemeyecek bir alandır. Bu makale, bireysel psikolojinin maneviyata yönelik bakış açısını, maneviyatla ilişkisini, manevi değerlendirmeleri nasıl yaptığını ve manevi/ dini yönelimli danışanlarla nasıl kullanılabileceğini içeren bir derleme çalışmasıdır. Derleme, hem Adler’in kendi metinlerini hem de onun teorik yönelimini benimseyen daha sonraki araştırmacıların makalelerini ele almaktadır. Bireysel psikoloji, her bireyi kendi fenomenolojik alanını dikkate alarak değerlendirmektedir. Bu nedenle danışma sürecinde danışanların manevi/dini boyutlarını göz ardı etmez ve maneviyatın bireylerin hayatında önemli bir yere sahip olduğunu kabul eder. Maneviyatın önemli bir başa çıkma mekanizması sağlarken iyilik, umut ve içgörüyü destekleyen bir yapıya sahip olduğu düşünüldüğünde, Adler’in teorisine maneviyatı dahil etmesi önemli görünmektedir. Makalede yer alan vaka örnekleri de bunu desteklemekte ve bireysel psikolojinin psikolojik danışma sürecinde maneviyatı nasıl ele aldığını ve değerlendirdiğini genel hatlarıyla ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Abu-Rayya, M. H., & Abu-Rayya, H. M. (2009). Ethnic identification, religious identity, and psychological well-being among Muslim and Christian Palestinians in Israel. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 12(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670802387330
  • Adler, A. (2001). Yaşama sanatı (K. Şipal, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Adler, A. (2009). Sosyal duygunun gelişiminde bireysel psikoloji (H. Özgü, Çev.). Hayat Yayınları.
  • Adler, A. (2012). Yaşamın anlam ve amacı (K. Şipal, Çev.). Say Yayınları.
  • Alizadeh, H. (2012). Individual psychology and Islam: An exploration of social interest. Journal of Individual Psychology, 68(3).
  • Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York Basic Books.
  • Craig, S. (2006). Exploration of Adolescent and Adult Spirituality Through Early Memories: An Adlerian Psychological Perspective. In K. B. Helmeke, C. F. Sori (Ed.), The therapist's notebook for integrating spirituality in counseling II (pp. 27-35). Taylor and Francis.
  • Davis, R. F., & Kiang, L. (2016). Religious identity, religious participation, and psychological well-being in Asian American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(3), 532-546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0350-9
  • Delgado, C. (2005). A discussion of the concept of spirituality. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(2), 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0894318405274828
  • Duba Sauerheber, J., & Bitter, J. R. (2013). An adlerian approach in premarital counseling with religious couples. Journal of Individual Psychology, 69(4), 305-327.
  • Giordano, A. L., Prosek, E. A., & Lankford, C. T. (2014). Predicting empathy: The role of religion and spirituality. Journal of Professional Counseling: Practice, Theory & Research, 41(2), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/15566382.2014.12033938
  • Gladding, S. T. (2022). Theories of counseling. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Greenway, K. A. (2006). The role of spirituality in purpose in life and academic engagement. Journal of College and Character, 7(6). https://doi.org/10.2202/1940-1639.1212
  • Hadislerle İslam (2013). Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Hintikka, J., Koskela, K., Kontula, O., & Viinamaki, H. (2000). Gender differences in associations between religious attendance and mental health in Finland. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188(11), 772-776. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200011000-00008
  • Horozcu, Ü. (2010). Tecrübî araştırmalar ışığında dindarlık ve maneviyat ile ruhsal ve bedensel sağlık arasındaki ilişki. Milel ve Nihal, 7(1), 209-240.
  • Huber, J. T., & MacDonald, D. A. (2012). An investigation of the relations between altruism, empathy, and spirituality. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 52(2), 206-221. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022167811399442
  • Johansen, T. A. (2009). Religion and spirituality in psychotherapy: An individual psychology perspective. Springer.
  • Johansen, T. M. (2005). Applying individual psychology to work with clients of the Islamic faith. Journal of Individual Psychology, 61(2).
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2022). The relationship among spirituality, self-efficacy, covid-19 anxiety, and hopelessness during the covid-19 process in Turkey: A Path Analysis. Journal of Religion and Health, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01472-7
  • Keyes, C. L., & Reitzes, D. C. (2007). The role of religious identity in the mental health of older working and retired adults. Aging and Mental Health, 11(4), 434-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860601086371
  • Kim, E. S., Chen, Y., Nakamura, J. S., Ryff, C. D., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2022). Sense of purpose in life and subsequent physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health: an outcome-wide approach. American Journal of Health Promotion, 36(1), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F08901171211038545
  • Kim, E. S., Shiba, K., Boehm, J. K., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2020). Sense of purpose in life and five health behaviors in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 139, 106172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106172
  • Kimball, C. N., Boyatzis, C. J., Cook, K. V., Leonard, K. C., & Flanagan, K. S. (2013). Attachment to God: A qualitative exploration of emerging adults' spiritual relationship with God. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 41(3), 175-188. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F009164711304100301
  • Koohsar, A. A. H., & Bonab, B. G. (2011). Relation between quality of image of God and mental health in college students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 247-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.233
  • Kur’an-ı Kerim Meali. (çev. H. Altuntaş ve M. Şahin). (12. Baskı, 2011). Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Leman, J., Hunter III, W., Fergus, T., & Rowatt, W. (2018). Secure attachment to God uniquely linked to psychological health in a national, random sample of American adults. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 28(3), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508619.2018.1477401
  • Linden, G. W. (2020). The fourth and fifth life tasks as existential challenges. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 76(1), 59-69.
  • Mosak, H. H., & Dreikurs, R. (1967). The life tasks: III. The fifth life task. Individual Psychology, 5(1), 16-22.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Büşra Ünverdi This is me

Publication Date June 15, 2022
Submission Date February 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ünverdi, B. (2022). A Review of the Relationship Between Individual Psychology and Spirituality. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 7(2), 221-244. https://doi.org/10.37898/spc.2022.7.2.178