ENERGY AND NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF ATHLETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Öz

Energy and nutrient intakes of competition athletes are important to maintain their personal health status, improve their sports performance, accelerate recovery, and prevent injuries and disabilities. In this review, it was aimed to systematically examine the effects of energy, macro, and micronutrient intakes on athletes' health and performance. In this direction, 31 articles published between 2012 and 2023 were selected, and three titles were formed as energy, macro, and micronutrient requirements of athletes. The results of the research; emphasized the importance of usable energy for both male and female athletes, and showed the importance of providing the required energy intake following increased energy expenditure. It has been shown that providing energy and macronutrient intake with nutritional periodization may support sports performance. It was emphasized that macronutrients and micronutrients recommended according to training or competition periods support athlete's performance markers, but intake above the recommended intake does not have a significant effect on performance. It has been demonstrated that with a properly planned diet, the need for micronutrients such as vitamin D, antioxidant vitamins, iron, calcium, sodium, and magnesium might be met, and further studies are required to see the effects of dietary supplementation on sports performance. In this review; current basic issues for athletes have been discussed, and a guide has been created for athletes sports dietitians, and clinicians. Keywords: sport nutrition, energy intake, macronutrient intake, micronutrient intake, sport performancecommitment

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sport nutrition
• energy intake
• macronutrient intake
• micronutrient intake
• sport performance

SPORCULARIN ENERJİ VE BESİN ÖGESİ GEREKSİNİMLERİ: SİSTEMATİK BİR İNCELEME

Öz

Müsabaka sporcularının enerji ve besin ögesi alımları; sağlık durumlarını korumak, spor performanslarını geliştirmek, toparlanmalarını hızlandırmak, yaralanma ve sakatlıkları önlemek için önemlidir. Bu derlemede; sporcuların enerji, makro ve mikrobesin ögesi alımlarının sporcunun sağlığı ve performansına etkilerinin sistematik olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, 2012-2023 yılları arasında yayınlanan 31 makale seçilmiş, sporcuların enerji, makro ve mikrobesin ögesi gereksinimleri olarak üç başlık oluşturulmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları hem kadın hem erkek sporcular için kullanılabilir enerjinin önemini vurgulamış, artan enerji harcaması için gerekli enerji alımını sağlamanın önemini göstermiştir. Enerji ve makrobesin ögesi alımının beslenme periyodizasyonu ile sağlanmasının spor performansını destekleyebileceği gösterilmiştir. Antrenman veya müsabaka dönemlerine göre önerilen makro ve mikrobesin ögelerinin sporcunun performans belirteçlerini desteklediği, ancak önerilenin üzerinde alımın performans üzerinde önemli bir etkisi olmadığının üzerinde durulmuştur. Doğru planlanan bir diyet ile D vitamini, antioksidan vitaminler, demir, kalsiyum, sodyum, magnezyum gibi mikrobesin ögelerinin gereksiniminin karşılanabileceği, besin desteği olarak alımının ise spor performansına etkilerini görebilmek için daha fazla çalışma yapılması gerekliliği ortaya konmuştur. Bu derlemede; sporcular için güncel temel konular ele alınmış, sporcular, spor diyetisyenleri ve klinisyenler için bir rehber oluşturulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: spor beslenmesi, enerji alımı, makrobesin ögesi alımı, mikrobesin ögesi alımı, spor performansı

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spor beslenmesi
• enerji alımı
• makrobesin ögesi alımı
• mikrobesin ögesi alımı
• spor performansı

Kaynakça

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