EATING DISORDERS IN ATHLETES Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Öz

Eating disorders is a diagnostic group including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified feeding, and eating disorders. Athletes are a special group at risk for eating disorders due to competition, physical and emotional pressures. Many studies have determined that athletes have higher rates of eating disorders and body image issues than non-athletes. The prevalence of eating disorders among athletes is higher in women than in men. When evaluated according to sports branches, eating disorders are more common in athletes who perform aesthetic and weight sports. Eating disorder in athletes; behavioral, physical and biochemical symptoms should be well observed and further investigations should be carried out to detect. To make a diagnosis; detailed history, comprehensive physical examination and evaluation of laboratory findings, as well as various screening tools are recommended. Eating disorders leading to low energy availability, the loss of fat and lean body mass, decreased glycogen storage, low bone mineral density, electrolyte abnormalities and dehydration. These results adversely affect the health and performance of the athlete. This has increased interest in various treatment programs. Treatment programs should be special, accessible, effective and evidence-based for athletes, and should include a multidisciplinary team of doctor, sports dietitian and psychologist / psychiatrist. Although early detection and treatment are critical, prevention of eating disorders is also important.
This article evaluates the current literature on the symptoms and consequences of eating disorders in athletes. In addition, it offers recommendations for early detection, treatment and prevention.
Keywords: Eating disorders, athletes, low energy availability

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eating disorders,athletes,low energy availability

SPORCULARDA YEME BOZUKLUKLARI Semptomları, Tedavisi ve Önlenmesi

Öz

Yeme bozuklukları; anoreksiya nervoza, bulimiya nervoza, tıkınırcasına yeme bozukluğu ve tanımlanmamış yeme bozukluklarını içeren psikiyatrik hastalıkların içinde yer alan bir tanı grubudur. Rekabet, fiziksel ve duygusal baskılar nedeniyle sporcular, yeme bozukluğu açısından risk altında olan özel bir gruptur. Birçok çalışmada, sporcularda sporcu olmayanlardan daha yüksek yeme bozuklukları ve beden algısı sorunlarının görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Sporcular arasında yeme bozukluklarının prevalansı kadınlarda erkeklere oranla daha yüksektir. Spor dallarına göre değerlendirildiğinde ise estetik ve sıklet sporlarında yeme bozukluğu daha sık görülmektedir. Sporcularda yeme bozukluğunun; davranışsal, fiziksel ve biyokimyasal belirtileri iyi gözlemlenmeli ve saptamaya yönelik ileri tetkikler yapılmalıdır. Tanı konulması için ayrıntılı güncel ve geçmiş öykü, kapsamlı bir fizik muayene ve laboratuvar bulgularının değerlendirilmesinin yanı sıra çeşitli tarama testlerinin de kullanılması önerilmektedir. Yeme bozukluğu tanısı almış sporcularda; düşük kullanılabilir enerji, yağ dokusu ve yağsız doku kaybı, erken glikojen deposu boşalması, düşük kemik mineral yoğunluğu, elektrolit anormallikleri ve dehidrasyon görülmektedir. Bu sonuçlar, sporcunun sağlığını ve performansını olumsuz etkiler. Bu durum çeşitli tedavi programlarına olan ilgiyi artırmıştır. Geliştirilecek tedavi programları; sporcular için özel, ulaşılması kolay, etkili ve kanıta dayalı olmalıdır ve bu programda doktor, spor diyetisyeni, psikolog/psikiyatristten oluşan multidsipliner bir ekip yer almalıdır. Erken teşhis ve tedavi kritik olmakla birlikte, yeme bozukluklarının önlenmesi de önemlidir. Bu makalede, sporcularda görülen yeme bozukluklarının semptomları ve sonuçları ile ilgili güncel literatür değerlendirilmiş, erken teşhis, tedavi ve önlemeye yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeme bozuklukları, sporcular, düşük kullanılabilir enerji

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yeme bozuklukları,sporcular,düşük kullanılabilir enerji

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