Savunma Sanayisinin Güvenlik Politikalarının Yapımındaki Rolü: Otonomlaşmanın Etkisi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 18 - 33, 10.04.2023

Şirin Duygulu Elcim

Abstract

Savunma sanayisi ve güvenlik/savunma politikaları arasında tarihsel olarak iki yönlü bir etkileşim mevcuttur. Devletlerin belirledikleri güvenlik ihtiyaçları savunma sanayisinin üretimine yön verirken savunma sanayisinin teknolojik yetkinliği, üretim kapasitesi ve finansal sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik ihtiyaçları devletlere sundukları güvenlik ve savunma araçları üzerinde belirleyici etkiye sahiptir. Bu etki, dolaylı olabildiği gibi devletlerin silah üreticilerine kime satış yapabilecekleri konusunda çizdikleri sınırlar ve silah üreticilerinin savunma bütçelerinin oluşturulmasında yürüttükleri lobi faaliyetleri örneklerinde olduğu gibi daha doğrudan da gözlemlenebilmektedir. Savunma teknolojilerinde kaydedilen ilerleme, üzerinde anlamlı insan kontrolü olmadan kullanılabilecek tamamen otonom silahların uzak olmayan bir gelecekte geliştirilmesini gerçekçi bir ihtimal haline getirdi. Bu silahların üretilmesi durumunda savunma sanayisinin güvenlik/savunma politikaları üzerindeki etkisini tekrar gözden geçirmek gerekli olacaktır. Bu çalışmada tamamen otonom silahların geliştirilmesinin savunma sanayisinin politika yapımında sahip olduğu rolü nasıl etkileyeceği ve bu etkinin güvenlik/savunma politikaları üzerindeki demokratik gözetime olası yansımaları tartışılacaktır.

Keywords

Savunma Sanayisi, Otonomlaşma, Güvenlik Yönetişimi

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