TİROİD CERRAHİSİ VE PERİOPERATİF HEMŞİRELİK BAKIMI

Abstract

Tiroid kanseri, farklı biyolojik ve fiziksel özellikleri olan, en çok görülen endokrin sistem kanserlerindendir. Papiller, foliküler, medullar ve neoplastik olmak üzere 4 kanser türü bulunmaktadır. Tiroid kanserinde genellikle tümörler cerrahi olarak çıkarılmaktadır. Tiroid cerrahisinin temel amacı, tamamen veya kalıcı olarak hastalığı kontrol altına almak ve morbiditeyi en az düzeyde tutmaktır. Cerrahi hemşireleri, hastaların ameliyat öncesi, sırası ve sonrası bakımında önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Ameliyat öncesi uygulanan hemşirelik bakımı ameliyat sırası ve sonrası hasta sonuçlarını etkilemektedir. Ameliyat sonrası dönemde hastalar postoperatif kanama, tirotoksikoz, tetani, hipokalsemi ve rekürren sinir yaralanması açısından değerlendirilmelidir.

Keywords

• Tiroid
• Hemşirelik
• Perioperatif

THYROID SURGERY AND PERIOPERATIVE NURSING CARE

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine system cancers with different biological and physical characteristics. There are 4 types of cancer: papillary, follicular, medullary and neoplastic. In thyroid cancer, tumors are usually removed surgically. The main purpose of thyroid surgery is to control the disease completely or permanently and to keep morbidity to a minimum. Surgical nurses play an important role in the pre-, intra- and post-operative care of patients. Nursing care applied before the surgery affects the patient results during and after the surgery. In the postoperative period, patients should be evaluated for postoperative bleeding, thyrotoxicosis, tetany, hypocalcemia, and recurrent nerve injury.

Keywords

• Thyroid
• Nursing
• Perioperative

References

1. Aksoy, G., Kanan, N. (2018). Metabolik ve Endokrin Sistemin Cerrahi Hastalıkları ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. İçinde: (Ed). Akyolcu, N., Kanan, N., Aksoy, G. Cerrahi Hemşireliği II. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul, ss: 305-319.
2. Al Qubaisi, M., & Haigh, P. I. (2019). Hypocalcemia after Total Thyroidectomy in Graves Disease. The Permanente journal, 23. Aschebrook-Kilfoy, B., Grogan, R. H., Ward, M. H., Kaplan, E., & Devesa, S. S. (2013). Follicular thyroid cancer incidence patterns in the United States, 1980–2009. Thyroid, 23(8), 1015-1021.
3. Bobanga, I. D., & McHenry, C. R. (2019). Treatment of patients with Graves’ disease and the appropriate extent of thyroidectomy. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 101319.
4. Bakon, S., Craft, J., & Christensen, M. (2019). Hypocalcaemia‐induced tetany secondary to total thyroidectomy: a nursing case review. Nursing in Critical Care, 24(6), 349-354.
5. Christou, N., & Mathonnet, M. (2013). Complications after total thyroidectomy. Journal of Visceral Surgery, 150(4), 249-256.
6. Cui, Y., & Li, Y. X. (2020). Effect of high-quality nursing on alleviating depression and anxiety in patients with thyroid cancer during perioperative period: A protocol for systematic review. Medicine, 99(45), e23018. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023018
7. De Leo, A., Di Simone, E., Spano, A., Puliani, G., & Petrone, F. (2021). Nursing Management and Adverse Events in Thyroid Cancer Treatments with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. A Narrative Review. Cancers, 13(23), 5961. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235961
8. Haugen, B. R., Alexander, E. K., Bible, K. C., Doherty, G. M., Mandel, S. J., Nikiforov, Y. E., ... & Schuff, K. G. (2016). 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid; 26(1): 1-133.

9. Hopper, P.D. (2015). Nursing Care of Patients With Endocrine Disorders. In: Williams, L.S. Hopper, P.D. (Eds) Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing. 5th ed. Philadelphia USA: F.A. Davis Company; 894-906.
10. Jiang, Y., Gao, B., Zhao, J., Zhang, S., Guo, L., Tian, W., ... & Luo, D. (2017). Diagnosis and surgical treatment of giant goiter. Int J Clin Exp Med; 10(1): 548-555.
11. Karadag M., Irmak B. (2019). Endokrin Sistem cerrahisinde Bakım. İçinde:Cerrahi Hemşireliği Kavram Haritası ve Akış Şemalı 2. Ed. Karadağ M., Bulut H. Vize yayıncılık, Ankara, ss. 1057-62.
12. Kelly K.A. (2014). Nursing Management Endocrine Problems. In: (Eds) Lewis SL., Dirksen SR., Heitkemper MM., Bucher L., Medical Surgical Nursing. Elsevier. Pp. 1195- 1207.
13. Kravets, I. (2016). Hyperthyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. American Family Physician; 93(5): 363-370.
14. Liu, Z. W., Masterson, L., Fish, B., Jani, P., & Chatterjee, K. (2015). Thyroid surgery for Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).
15. Smith TJ, Hegedüs L. (2016). Graves’ disease. New England Journal of Medicine; 375: 1552-1565. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMra1510030.
16. Vanderpump, MPJ. (2019). Epidemiology of Thyroid Disorders. In: (Eds)Luster, M., Duntas, L. H., & Wartofsky, L. (2019). The Thyroid and Its Diseases. Springer International Publishing AG.
17. Yang HL., Liu FC., Tsai SC. Ketorolac Tromethamine Spray Prevents Postendotracheal-Intubation-Induced Sore Throat after General Anesthesia. BioMed Research International, (1): 1-5, 2016.
18. Yüksel S. (2021). Endokrin Sistem cerrahisi ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. İçinde: Cerrahi hemşireliğinde Temel Kavramlar. Ed. Arslan S. Akademisyen Kitapevi, ss. 452-456
19. https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/36134,siy2018trpdf.pdf?0, Erişim tarihi: 17.05.2022.
20. TürkACerrahiADerneği,https://www.turkcerrahi.com/wpcontent/uploads/tiroidin-benign-hastaliklari.pdf Erişim tarihi: 16.05.2022.