AŞILAMAYA RAĞMEN GÖRÜLEN COVID-19 VAKALARI: BİR LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ

Öz

Bulaşıcı hastalıklar yaşamın her safhasında karşılaşılan durumlardır. Yüzyıllar boyunca ortaya çıkan ve insanların çeşitli yöntemlerle çare bulmaya çalıştığı bulaşıcı hastalıkların, ortadan kaldırılması ya da etkilerinin azaltılması için en temel ihtiyaç aşılardır. 2019’un sonundan beri dünyayı kasıp kavuran ve Mart 2020 itibariyle Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün pandemi olarak ilan ettiği COVID-19 salgını da bulaşıcılığı ve öldürücülüğü yüksek seviyede olan bir hastalık olmasından dolayı, aşılamayı adeta zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çeşitli ülkelerin öncülüğünde yürütülen aşı çalışmalarında bugün önemli bir yol kat edilmiş, COVID-19 aşılarının önemi ve hastalığı önleme noktasında etkililik düzeyi pek çok bilimsel araştırma ve deney sonrasında tescillenmiştir. Bazı insanlar ise tüm aşılarını olmasına karşın bu virüsle yine de enfekte olabilmekte ve virüsü etrafındaki insanlara da yayabilmektedir. Tam aşılamaya rağmen meydana gelen COVID-19 vakalarının toplumlarda görülme sıklığı fazla değildir. Bazı dezavantajlı gruplarda daha sık rastlanan bu vakalar, kronik hastalığı olmayan ve bağışıklığı güçlü kişilerde çoğunlukla belirti bile olmadan atlatılmaktadır. Ancak daha önce çeşitli ağır hastalıklar atlatan ve bağışıklık sistemi zayıf düşen, özellikle yaşı da ileri olan kişilerde aşılamaya rağmen COVID-19 virüsü görmek mümkün olabilmektedir. Üretilen hiçbir aşı, COVID-19’a karşı yüzde yüz koruma sağlamamakta, üstelik aşıların koruma etkisi belli süreler sonunda azalmaktadır. COVID-19 sürecinde ortaya çıkan çeşitli mutant varyantlar da aşıların etkisini azaltıp COVID-19 vakalarını tetikleyici nitelikte olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı; tam aşılamaya rağmen bireylerde görülen COVID-19 vakaları hakkında bilgiler verip aşılı olmasına karşın hastalığa yakalanan bireylerin enfekte olma nedenlerini ve çeşitli çözüm önerilerini irdelemektir. Çalışmada ayrıca toplumun sağlık düzeyinin kişisel sağlığın iyileştirilmesinden geçtiği göz önüne alınmış ve COVID-19 özelinde virüslerle mücadele edilmesinin altı çizilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Aşı
• Bağışıklık
• Enfeksiyon
• Varyant

CASES OF COVID-19 OCCURING DESPITE VACCINATION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Infectious diseases are encountered at every stage of life. Vaccines are the most basic need to eliminate or reduce the effects of infectious diseases that have emerged for centuries, and people have tried to find solutions through various methods. The COVID-19 epidemic, which has ravaged the world since the end of 2019 and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization as of March 2020, also makes vaccination mandatory, as it is a highly contagious and lethal disease. Vaccine studies carried out under the leadership of various countries have come a long way today. The importance of COVID-19 vaccines and their effectiveness in preventing the disease have been documented after many scientific research and experiments. Some people can still be infected with this virus even though they have all their vaccinations and can spread it to people around them. The incidence of COVID-19 cases occurring despite complete vaccination is not high in populations. These cases, which are more common in some disadvantaged groups, are mostly overcome without symptoms in people who do not have chronic diseases and are immune-competent. However, it is possible to see the COVID-19 virus despite vaccination in people who have previously survived various severe diseases and whose immune system is weakened, especially in older people. No vaccine produced provides 100% protection against COVID-19; moreover, the protective effect of vaccines decreases after a certain time. Various mutant variants that emerged during the COVID-19 process have also reduced the effectiveness of vaccines and triggered COVID-19 cases. This study aims to provide information about the cases of COVID-19 seen in individuals despite complete vaccination and to examine the reasons for the infection of individuals who are vaccinated despite being vaccinated and various solutions. In the study, it was also taken into account that the health level of the society was passed through the improvement of personal health, and it was emphasized that the fight against viruses in particular for COVID-19.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• Vaccine
• Immunity
• Infection
• Variant

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